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<td valign="top" ><span>"The presence of anti-Pauline texts in [Matthew's] Gospel</span><span>, point</span><span> inevitably towards the conclusion that the evangelist himself [sic: really Jesus] was anti-Pauline</span><span>." D.C. Sim [2002:780]</span></td>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;"><strong><br />How We Know the Hebrew Matthew Came Before the Greek&nbsp;</strong> </span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Standford Rives in the <strong>Original Gospel of Matthew</strong>&nbsp;(2014) Vol. 2, the Appendices, at pages 152-53 has this explanation regarding how we know the Ebionites' Hebrew Matthew which was still extant in the late 300s was the authentic original prior to the Greek Matthew. Here is the excerpt:</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: bold; background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 20pt;">Matthew 3:4&mdash;How &lsquo;Pancakes&rsquo; Proves Matthew Was Written Originally in Hebrew&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 20pt;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.0pt;">Epiphanius in the 300s criticized the Gospel according to the Hebrews (GATHM) for replacing locusts with honey-cakes (manna) in what today is identified as Matthew 3:4: &ldquo;Thus they were resolved to pervert the truth into a lie and put a cake in the place of locusts.&rdquo; (Epiphanius, Panarion 30.13.4-5.)</p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.0pt;">It is humorous he thought this implied heresy. But Epiphanius&rsquo; anger is our blessing because the solution to this variance proves GATHM was written in Hebrew and came before our Greek translation. For Epiphanius insists the Gospel according to the Hebrews does not say locusts, as does the Greek Matthew, but said cake instead. <br /><br />What word was Epiphanius reading in GATHM that made him translate it as <strong>cake</strong>? The Hebrew word Epiphanius read in GATHM was <strong>manna</strong>. This was normally translated as <strong>honey-cakes.</strong> So in Greek, for example, <strong>manna</strong> is rendered as <strong>egrkis</strong>&mdash;honey-cake&mdash;in the Greek Septuagint of 247 BC of Exodus 16:31. As Professor Tabor explains: &ldquo;the Greek word for &lsquo;honey cake&rsquo; (egrkis)...is used for &lsquo;manna&rsquo; that the Israelites ate in the desert in the days of Moses (Exodus 16:31.)&rdquo; (James D. Tabor, <strong>The Jesus Dynasty</strong> (Simon &amp; Schuster) at 349 n. 9.) See below.</p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.0pt;">Why does this prove GATHM&rsquo;s <strong>manna</strong> came first and not <strong>locusts</strong>? Because after a proper first translation <strong>egrkis</strong>&mdash;honey-cake&mdash;for <strong>manna</strong> in the Hebrew original, the next Greek copyist made a one-letter error, writing <strong>akris</strong> meaning in Greek <strong>locust</strong>. Professor Tabor explains it is clear that a Greek copyist copied <strong>egrkis</strong> (manna / cake) incorrectly as &ldquo;<strong>locust</strong>&rdquo;&mdash;<strong>akris</strong>&mdash;which represents a single letter scribal error. (James D. Tabor, <strong>The</strong> <strong>Jesus Dynasty</strong> (Simon &amp; Schuster) at 349 n. 9.)</p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.0pt;">This is how a Greek translator turned <strong>manna</strong> in Hebrew into <strong>locust</strong> in Greek. The original text necessarily was the Hebrew word <strong>manna</strong>. Then it was rendered correctly into Greek as <strong>egrkis</strong>&mdash;a honey-cake. But then it was incorrectly copied as the Greek word <strong>akris</strong> (<strong>locust</strong>). Thus, <strong>manna</strong> in Hebrew became by mistake <strong>locust</strong> in the Greek-based translation we read today. It could <strong>not</strong> be the other way around&mdash;that GATHM was a Hebrew translation of a Greek text. If a Greek edition came first, and then a Hebrew translation was made, then egrkis (locust in Greek) would be <strong>arbe</strong> in Hebrew. The word <strong>arbe</strong> would never end up down the line mistakenly being spelled as <strong>manna</strong> in a later Hebrew copy. Hence, GATHM clearly came before the Greek version of Matthew, and was the source of our modern Greek version of Matthew.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.0pt;"><strong>2020 Addendum: The Same Goes for the Greek Mark.</strong></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.0pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18.0pt;">This same conclusion destroys the familiar Marcan priority claim. For the Greek Mark at 1:6 equally has "locusts." Whether this is from the Greek Matthew, or vice-versa, is now irrelevant. What it proves is whichever provided the source for the other, the Hebrew Matthew was the superior original source to both Greek Mark and Greek Matthew.</p>
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