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503 lines
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<td valign="top" ><p style="text-align: right;">"Jesus' proclamation of the Way of the Cross has been replaced by Paul's proclamation of the Cross." <em></em></p>
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<h3>Recommendations</h3>
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<p><a href="/recommendedreading/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
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<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
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<h1>Titus 2:13 & The Granville Sharp Rule</h1>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">A disputed text between Trinitarians and Unitarians is Titus 2:13. The New American Standard has it read that Paul calls Jesus God. However, the King James Bible has Paul differentiate God from Jesus. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Anthony Buzzard, a Unitarian Minister, in <em>The Doctrine of the Trinity: Christianity's Self-Inflicted Wound</em> (1998) at 279-81 explains why the Granville Sharp rule is not decisive in this context. Below is our verbatim excerpt from pages 279-281:<em></em></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"> </span></p>
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<hr />
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<p> </p>
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<p><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Does the New Testament Call Jesus God? Titus 2:13; 2 Peter 1:1</span></strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">A number of contemporary discussions advanced the so-called Granville Sharp's rule to support their claim that Jesus is called the "Great God and Savior" in Titus 2:13. Sharp contended that when the Greek word kai (and) joins two nouns of the same case, when the first noun has the definite article and the second does not, the two nouns refer to one subject. Hence the disputed verse should read "… our great God and Savior Jesus Christ," and not as the King James Version has, "… the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ." The rule about the omission of the article, however, cannot be relied on to settle the matter. As Nigel Turner (who writes as a Trinitarian) says:</span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Unfortunately, at this period of Greek we cannot be sure that such a rule is really decisive. Sometimes the definite article is not repeated even when there is clearly a separation in ideas. "The repetition of the article was not strictly necessary to ensure that the items be considered separately." (Moulton-Howard-Turner, <em>Grammar</em>, volume III, p. 181. The references is to Titus 2:13).</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Since the absence of the second article is not decisive, it is natural to see here the appearing of God's glory as it is displayed in his Son at the Second Coming. There is an obvious parallel with Matthew's description of the arrival of Jesus in power: "for the Son of Man is going to come in the glory of his Father with his holy angels" (Matthew 16:27). Since the Father confers His glory upon the Son (as He will also share it with the saints) is most appropriate that Father and Son should be closely linked. Paul had only a few verses earlier spoken of "God the Father in Christ Jesus our Savior" (Titus 1:4).</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">A wide range of grammarians and Biblical scholars have recognized that the absence of the definite article before" our Savior Jesus Christ" is quite inadequate to establish the Trinitarian claim that Jesus is here called" the great God." At best, the argument is" dubious." It is unfortunate, as Brown says," that no certainty can be reached here, for it seems that this passage is the one which shaped the confession of the World Council of Churches in 'Jesus Christ is God and Savior.'" See Raymond Brown, <em>Jesus, God and Man</em> (New York: McMillan, 1967) at 18. It should also be noted that the Roman Emperor could be called "God and Savior," without the implication that he was the Supreme Deity. Even if the title" God and Savior" were most exceptionally used of Jesus, it would not establish His position is coequal and coeternal with the Father. It would rather designate him as the One God's supreme agent, which is the view of the whole Bible.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">The same grammatical problem faces expositors of 2 Peter 1:1. Henry Alford is one of many Trinitarians who argue that Jesus is not called "God" in this verse. For him, the absence of the article is outweighed here, as in Titus 2:13, by the much more significant fact that both Peter and Paul normally distinguish clearly between God and Jesus Christ. The writer of the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges agreed that "the rule that the one article indicates the one subject… [cannot] be too strongly relied upon as decisive." [ E. Humphreys, <em>The Epistles to Timothy & Titus</em> (Cambridge University Press, 1895) at 225]. A Trinitarian writer of the last century was much less generous to those who sought proof of the Deity of Christ in the omission of the article: "some eminently pious and learned scholars … have so far overstretched the argument founded on the presence or absence of the article, as have run it into a fallacious sophistry, and, in the intensity of t<em><strong>heir zeal to maintain the 'honor of the Son' were not aware that there were rather engaged in' dishonoring the Father</strong></em>.'" [Granville Penn, Supplemental Annotations to the New Commented, cited in John Wilson, <em>Unitarian Principles Confirmed by Trinitarian Testimonies</em> (Boston: American Unitarian Association, 1848) at 431.]</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">The last statement may in fact be true of the whole effort of orthodoxy to make Jesus equal in every sense to the Father.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<hr />
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<p>Study Notes</p>
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<p> </p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Another article from an anti-Trinitarian reading of Titus 2:13 is from Kermit Zarley entitled "Is Jesus God in Titus 2:13?" available at this <a href="http://www.21stcr.org/multimedia-2012/1-articles/kz_is_jesus_god_titus2_13.html">link</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"> </span></p>
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