567 lines
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567 lines
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<td valign="top" ><p>"But if we must focus on Paul's letters to establish the Christian faith, then truly the servant has become greater than his Master." (Bercot<em>Theologians </em>(2010) at 40.)</p></td>
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<h1>What Is John's Sequence of the Passion Week</h1>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">In Bacon's article, "The Purpose of Mark's Gospel," at <a href="http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/jbl/1910_bacon.pdf">51</a>, we read:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"The Asian gospel [<em>i.e.</em>, John] is Quartordeciman...making the sacrifice take place on 14 Nisan (not 15th as in Mark) at the hour prescribed by the Mosaic ritual. The Anointing of Bethany is dated not "two days" before the Passover, but "six days" before in order that it would coincide in the choosing of the lamb on the 10th of Nisan. The Resurrection and Ascension fall on the Day of First Fruits, 16th Nisan...."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">In the Wikipedia article on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartodecimanism">Quartordecimanism </a>(Nissan 14-ers), we read:</span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span style="color: #000000; line-height: 19.1875px;" data-mce-mark="1">According to some interpretations, the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John" style="color: #0b0080; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a><span style="color: #000000; line-height: 19.1875px;" data-mce-mark="1"> (e.g., </span><a href="http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20John&verse=19:14&src=!" rel="nofollow" class="external text" style="color: #663366; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">19:14</a><span style="color: #000000; line-height: 19.1875px;" data-mce-mark="1">, </span><a href="http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20John&verse=19:31&src=!" rel="nofollow" class="external text" style="color: #663366; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">19:31</a><span style="color: #000000; line-height: 19.1875px;" data-mce-mark="1">, </span><a href="http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20John&verse=19:42&src=!" rel="nofollow" class="external text" style="color: #663366; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">19:42</a><span style="color: #000000; line-height: 19.1875px;" data-mce-mark="1">) implies that Nisan 14 was the day that </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" style="color: #0b0080; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <span style="color: #000000; line-height: 19.1875px;" data-mce-mark="1">was crucified in </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" style="color: #0b0080; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">John writes in <a href="http://bible.cc/john/19-14.htm">19:14</a> and <a href="http://bible.cc/john/19-31.htm">19:31</a></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #001320; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify; background-color: #fffefd;">[14] It was the day of Preparation of the Passover; it was about noon. "Here is your king," Pilate said to the Jews. (NIV)</span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #001320; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify; background-color: #fffefd;"><span style="color: #001320; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify; background-color: #fffefd;">[31] Now it was the day of Preparation, and the next day was to be a special Sabbath. Because the Jewish leaders did not want the bodies left on the crosses during the Sabbath, they asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies taken down.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Some misunderstood "day of Preparation" to mean the day before the ordinary weekly Sabbath (our Saturday). And thus, they assumed Jesus was executed on Friday. But the mention of the "special Sabbath" mean to refer to Passover which was an annual / special extra day of Sabbath (unless it fell identically upon the weekly Sabbath). See <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+28&version=NIV">Numbers 28:16-18</a> (Nissan 14 is start of Passover; Sabbath is the 15th, making the 14th a day of preparation for a high holy Sabbath, not the weekly Sabbath.)<br /></span></p>
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<p><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.1875px;">One can see the issue indirectly in an article "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve_of_Passover_on_Shabbat">Eve of Passove</a>r," Wikipedia (2013) which deals with how to handle when the "eve of Passover" (the day of preparation) falls on a Sabbath - where no work can be done. This complicated moving the preparation for the weekly Sabbath. For example, this article shows the moving interralationship between the Hebrew and Julian calendars -- the latter being our modern calendar in the West:</span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.1875px;" data-mce-mark="1">The Eve of Passover occurring on Shabbat is a relatively rare occurrence, falling on Shabbat less often than any other day of the week it possibly can. Other days of the week on which the Eve of Passover can occur include Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Thus, it is important to realize that the Good Friday celebration is erroneous. And the "Passover" meal being the last supper is equally erroneous. Instead, Jesus ate a meal 2 days (daylight periods - Gen. 1:5 "light he called day") prior to the Passover Sabbath -- that is on Nissan 13 -- when preparations of Passover would be made for its special Sabbath observance on the 15th (e.g., cleaning a house of leaven), and then Jesus was executed on Nissan 14 at the ninth hour (3 pm) -- which coincides with the slaying of the lambs required in Deut. 16:6, and then passover meals were eaten that night after sunset of the 14th and when Nissan 15 began. Then Jesus arose before sunrise on Nissan 18 -- our Sunday, making Jesus three days and three nights (but not a full 4th night) in the grave. Jesus was in the grave for the full duration of the nights of Nissan 15 (Wednesday night), Nissan 16 (Thursday night), and Nissan 17 (Friday night), but not the full Saturday night through morning / Nissan 18 -- rising before sunrise of the first day of the week; and Jesus was in the grave three days -- Nissan 16 (Thursday morning), Nissan 17 (Friday morning), and Nissan 18 (Saturday morning). </span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p> </p>
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<h1>When Is Passover? When is the Sacrifice for Passover?</h1>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><strong style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">In most versions (16 out of 17 at Biblios.com), Lev 23:5 reads:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"> 'In the first month, on the <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">fourteenth day of the month at <span style="color: #000000; background-color: #ffff00;">twilight</span></span> is the Yahweh’s<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Passover</span>.’</span> </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="line-height: normal; font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: teal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Likewise</span>, Numbers 9:2-4</span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: normal; font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> reads: </span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="color: #222222; line-height: normal; font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">"Now, let the sons of Israel observe the <span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc;">Passover</span> at its appointed time. <span style="color: teal;">- 3</span> "On the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">fourteenth day of this month, at twilight</span>, you shall observe it at its appointed time; you shall observe it according to all its statutes and according to all its ordinances." <span style="color: teal;">- 4</span> So Moses told the sons of Israel to observe the <span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc;">Passover</span>.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">What does twilight mean? According to Dictionary.com, it means:</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"> </p>
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<h3 style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #212121; font-weight: normal;">twi·light</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #212121; font-weight: normal;"> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></h3>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"> </p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #212121;">/?tw??l?t/<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 15pt 0px 0px;">Noun<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0in;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span>The soft glowing light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon, caused by the reflection of the sun's rays from the atmosphere.<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0in;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span>The period of the <em><strong>evening during which this takes place, between daylight and darkness.</strong></em></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"> </p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">However, a friend of mine, Adam, takes a view that it begins prior to twilight:</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">He says Leviticus 23:5 says in Hebrew, transliterated:<em style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">desh haRishon asar laChodesh ben haErebim pesach laYahweh</em></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="text-decoration: underline;" data-mce-mark="1"></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></em></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Translated literally Adam contend it reads: “<strong>In the first month, in the fourteenth day of the month, <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">between the evenings</span></em>, </strong></span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">is the </span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222;">Passover</span> to Yahweh.”</span></strong></p>
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<p>Adam defends it means "between the evenings" (which he says as different than twilight) and explains why:</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" data-mce-mark="1">The Hebrew word </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" data-mce-mark="1"></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" data-mce-mark="1"></span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" data-mce-mark="1">ben</span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" data-mce-mark="1"> (Strong’s # H996) means: “between” (see Gesenius’ Lexicon). In the form here it is spelled differently than its lexical form </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" data-mce-mark="1"> because it is in the construct (if you want more details on the construct form in the Hebrew language let me know, I will give you references in Gesenius’ Grammar and another grammar).<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" data-mce-mark="1"></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">The Hebrew definite article is Xxx</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">(with a dagesh forte in the following letter) <em>ha</em>. In the case above there is no dagesh in the letter following the <em>He</em> because the <em>Ayin</em> (</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">?</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span>) is a guttural letter. Guttural letters in Hebrew reject all forms of the dagesh (let me know if you want grammatical references to that as well). Because of this rule, the vowel under the definite article must change to accommodate the rejection of the dagesh, so it lengthens into a changeable long form of the same vowel class, hence </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">??</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span> </span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">ha</span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">.<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">The definite article in Hebrew is never detached from the word it is modifying. Therefore, the third word in the phrase is</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">arebim</span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">. Let me break down that word. It is a derivative of the Hebrew</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">erev </span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">(Strong’s # 6153). According to Gesenius’ Lexicon it means “evening.”</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">So what is Adam's point of defending it means "between the evenings?"</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Adam contends that if any part of the 14th is Passover, then all of it was -- even beginning the sunset before when the 13th waned and became the 14th -- and I do not agree with this... but let's listen:</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">So, all of the above was a very detailed breakdown to show one thing, the word “twilight” is an incorrect translation and shouldn’t be relied upon in any way, shape, or form. Because you were taking the word “twilight” as being a literal and accurate rendering of the underlying Hebrew phrase, it has greatly skewed your opinion of what I believe, unfortunately. I will definitely be more careful in the future when quoting scriptures to make sure they contain the true translations (as much as physically possible). So, please forgive me for that.<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Moving on…In the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">whole</span> of the scriptures the “Day of <span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222;">Passover</span>” is a complete day, 24 hours worth, no question. The Master’s Supper, where the first Eucharist was given, was celebrated <em>at the beginning</em> of the 14<sup>th</sup> day of the first month. That means that<em>after sunset</em> that <em>ended</em> the 13<sup>th</sup> of the month, in the nighttime hours of the 14<sup>th</sup> day (which is the beginning of that day since the days begin at sunset) Yeshua gave the emblems of his body and blood. Throughout that evening they took the journey to Gethsemane, he was illegally tried at night, appeared before Pilate in the morning, and was crucified <em>on the third hour</em> of the day (9:00am) ON the 14<sup>th</sup> (still the Day of <span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222;">Passover</span>). To clarify the next part I need to quote another scripture:<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">Deuteronomy 16:5-6 (ASV) – “Thou mayest not sacrifice the <span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222;">passover</span> within any of thy gates, which Yahweh thy Elohim giveth thee; but at the place which Yahweh thy Elohim shall choose, to cause his name to dwell in, there thou shalt sacrifice the<span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222;">passover</span> at even, <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">at the going down of the sun</span></em>, at the season that thou camest forth out of Egypt.”<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">The <span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222;">Passover</span> lambs were to legally be slain <em>at the going down</em> of the sun, not <em>after</em> it went down. When does the sun start going down in the sky? From high noon through sunset the sun is <em>going down</em>. If you need me to go into the details of the Hebrew of that verse as well please let me know, I am more than willing to. Now, Josephus gives us a contemporary testimony as to when they sacrificed the <span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222;">Passover</span> in the 1<sup>st</sup> century (i.e. the exact hours):<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">“</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; color: #2e1308;">So these high priests, upon the coming of that feast which is called the <span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222;">Passover</span>, when they slay their sacrifices, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">from the ninth hour till the eleventh</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">” (Wars of the Jews, l. 6, c. 9, s. 3)</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">I do not think it necessarily follows that "between the evenings" in Lev. 23:5 means anything important as to the name "Passover" belonging to all of the 14th of Nissan. Instead, it defines a point at which Passover begins sometime <em>within</em> the 14th of Nissan. Hence ,there is no way to find the entire "Day of Passover" is 24 hours. </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">Thus, if Jesus died before the "between the evenings" on the 14th and thus not on the Passover, I do not find it important. All that is spiritually important for us as Christians is that (a) John 19:31 is correct Jesus died on the "eve of Passover" and (b) under Deut. 16:5-6 the slaying of the lambs for the Passover feast is made on the "even" of Nissan 14th "at the going down of the sun" (which Lev. 23:5 says precedes when Passover starts at twilight) and per John's Gospel Jesus was slain right at the same point that the lambs are sacrificed for Passover -- Deut 16:5-6. Thus, if this sacrifice point is the same day of Passover, then John in His gospel is wrong to call this the "eve of Passover." Thus, I have let Adam's points be considered, but in the end, I go with the 17 of 18 translations of Lev. 23:5 that place Passover itself commending at twilight at the end of the 14th of Nissan. "Between the evenings" is an unclear alternative, and does not disprove "twiight" is not intended. And going with the predominant translation preserves John's Gospel. </p>
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<h1> </h1>
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<h1> </h1>
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<h1>Passover Sacrifice Before Passover Begins</h1>
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<p> The execution of the lambs takes place in the middle of the afternoon on the 14th as passover approaches.</p>
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<p><strong style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">John's account would line up with the time of sacrifice for Passover. Deuteronomy 16:6 (ASV) – “thou shalt sacrifice the passover at even, <em>at the going down of the sun</em>, at the season that thou camest forth out of Egypt.”</strong></p>
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<p>In "<a href="http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Holidays/Spring_Holidays/Pesach/Zman_Seder/zman_seder.html">When Does Passover Begin?</a>" at HEBREW FOR CHRISTIANS, it explained somewhat differently when the lambs are slain: the afternoon of the 14th prior to commencment of Passover at sunset .</p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="line-height: 18px;">During the time of the Temple, <em>zman shechitat korban Pesach</em> (the time of the slaughter of the Passover lambs) was performed during the afternoon hours of Nisan 14, in observance of the commandment: "In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, between the evenings (i.e., <em>bein ha-arbayim</em>), is the Passover for the LORD" (<a href="http://bible.gospelcom.net/cgi-bin/bible?&version=ESV&passage=Lev.%2023:5" target="_blank" style="color: #660000;">Lev. 23:5</a>). Note that the time of the lamb's sacrifice is described as "bein ha-arbayim," usually translated as "between the evenings" or "between the settings." To the sages, the "first setting" of the Sun occurred at the beginning of its descent after noon, and the "second setting" referred to sundown or twilight. Hence "bein ha-arbayim" would mean sometime after noon but before twilight, or more simply, "the afternoon." </p>
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<p>The sacrifice of the Passover lambs on the afternoon of Nisan 14 agrees with Jewish Oral Law and tradition. As Maimonides wrote, "It is a positive commandment to slaughter the Korban Pesach on the fourteenth of Nisan after midday"<em> (Hilchot Korban Pesach). </em>There is some discussion among the sages, however, as to whether the sacrifice of the korban Pesach occurred before or after the second set of tamid (daily) offerings made at the Temple (<a href="http://bible.gospelcom.net/cgi-bin/bible?&version=ESV&passage=Exod.%2029:38-42,%20Num.%2028:1-8" target="_blank" style="color: #660000;">Exod. 29:38-42, Num. 28:1-8</a>). In general, however, most of the sages agreed with Maimonides who clearly stated: "The Korban Pesach is not slaughtered until <em>after</em> the Tamid of the afternoon." In other words, the slaughter of the Passover lambs occurred on the late afternoon of Nisan 14.</p>
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<p> </p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: medium; color: #0000ff;">Twilight of the 14th / Night's Beginning of the 15th Commences Passover</span></strong></p>
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<p>In the Law, we learn when Passover commences:</p>
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<p><span style="line-height: normal; font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: teal;">Numbers 9:2-4</span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: normal; font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> "Now, let the sons of Israel observe the Passover at its appointed time. <span style="color: teal;">- 3</span> "On the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">fourteenth day of this month, at twilight</span>, you shall observe it at its appointed time; you shall observe it according to all its statutes and according to all its ordinances." <span style="color: teal;">- 4</span> So Moses told the sons of Israel to observe the Passover.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p> Adam, a colleague of mine, says this is a mistranslation.</p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">The </span><span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">Passover</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> lambs were to legally be slain </span><em style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">at the going down</em><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> of the sun, not </span><em style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">after</em><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> it went down. When does the sun start going down in the sky? From high noon through sunset the sun is </span><em style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">going down</em><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">. If you need me to go into the details of the Hebrew of that verse as well please let me know, I am more than willing to. Now, Josephus gives us a contemporary testimony as to when they sacrificed the </span><span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">Passover</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> in the 1</span><sup style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal;">st</sup><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> century (i.e. the exact hours):</span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"> </p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">“</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; color: #2e1308;">So these high priests, upon the coming of that feast which is called the <span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222;">Passover</span>, when they slay their sacrifices, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">from the ninth hour till the eleventh</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #1f497d;">” (Wars of the Jews, l. 6, c. 9, s. 3)<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"> </p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"></span> </span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">This statement from Josephus aligns perfectly with the Torah. From the ninth hour (3:00pm) to the eleventh hour (5:00pm) the</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">Passover</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> lambs were slain. When did Yeshua die? The ninth hour (Matthew 27:46). </span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p>Adam further complicates the chronology by asserting Jesus was crucified on the 14th.</p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">I believe that Yeshua was crucified on what the whole of the scriptures call the “Day of </span><span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">Passover</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">”, which is the 14</span><sup style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal;">th</sup><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> day of the first Biblical month, Aviv. This 14</span><sup style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal;">th</sup><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> day is from sunset to sunset, just as every other Biblical day is. At the beginning of the 14</span><sup style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal;">th</sup><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">day of the month (which is the dark portion of it, since it begins at sunset), Yeshua had his last supper with his disciples. The following morning (which is still the 14</span><sup style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: normal;">th</sup><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> day of the month) he was crucified at the third hour, around 9:00am. Six hours later, at the ninth hour, when the </span><span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">Passover</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"> lambs were commanded to be slain “</span><strong style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">between the evenings</span></em></strong><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">,” and “</span><strong style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;"><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">at the going down of the sun</span></em></strong><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">,” Yeshua died as our </span><span class="il" style="background-color: #ffffcc; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">Passover</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">.</span></p>
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