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<td valign="top" ><span id="en-NLT-13599" class="text Job-31-34">Have I feared the crowd </span><span class="indent-1"><span class="text Job-31-34">or the contempt of the masses, </span></span><span class="indent-1"><span class="text Job-31-34">so that I kept quiet and stayed indoors? (Job 31:34 NLT)</span></span></td>
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<h1>Chapter 4 --- No Throwing Away of Reason</h1>
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<h2><strong>Irrationality Is Irresponsible</strong></h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Torrey in <em>How To StudyThe Bible</em> (1985, sold 2007) incredibly encourages you to throw out reason when reading the Bible. This is perhaps the most dangerous advice imaginable in reading scripture. Here is what Torrey says:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Studying the Bible as the word of God involves four things: 1. It involves the<strong><em> unquestioning acceptance of its teachings when definitely ascertained even when they may appear unreasonable or impossible</em></strong>. Reason demands that we submit our judgment and reasonings to the statements of infinite wisdom. <strong><em>Nothing is more irrational than rationalism</em></strong> which makes the finite wisdom the test of infinite wisdom and submits the teachings of God’s omniscience to the approval of man’s judgment. “<em><strong>This cannot be true, even though God says it, for it does not approve itself to my reason</strong></em>.” <em>Id</em>., at 19.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Torrey is deliberately encouraging you to accept impossible and wrong notions, as your reason apprehends them, because it is “definitely ascertained” to be what a passage means. However, the fact <strong><em>something appears wrong is the first clue that you have not definitely ascertained its meaning</em></strong>. What Torrey’s ideas lead you to is an unquestioning acceptance of what others insist is true when your own reasoning cannot prove it to be true but your own reason tells you that it is false.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">To accept as true something your reason tells you is false / wrong is to deliberately live by a lie. You will never honor God by such gullibility.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Torrey weaves into this <strong><em>some points that are wholesome</em></strong> so we must carefully tease out the valuable part of what he says. It is true that<em><strong> if you do not like a command of God, you obey it no matter what the cost</strong></em>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">But if you think a command of God written in Scripture is <strong><em>wrong in your conscience</em></strong> then indeed you should pause. The Bible’s words are <em><strong>not the same as God’s voice speaking to Abraham</strong></em>, telling him to sacrifice his son. Abraham had <em><strong>no doubt that what he was hearing</strong></em> were the words of the Almighty from Heaven. Thus, even though the request appeared wrong or harsh, Abraham followed it. (God at the last second told Abraham not to kill Isaac; it was just a test.) At the same time, there was no quibbling for Abraham with what the words meant nor its source.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">But the Bible is still the canon <em><strong>assembled by men</strong></em>. And this is why the unquestioning faith of Abraham cannot be extended to you treating everything you read in the Bible as the same authenticity as the voice speaking from heaven to Abraham. The reasons are multiple:</span></p>
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<h2>Recent Canon Revisions & Still Unresolved Doubts About Canon Since Reformation</h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">First, a book may have been added to canon incorrectly.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">For example, for the longest time, the<strong><em> King James Bible</em></strong> of 1611 <strong><em>until 1825 included seven more books than we read today</em></strong>. They are called the <em>Apocryph</em>a, which means <em>hidden</em>. These were books that Jews added to the Septuagint (Greek translation) of the Bible in 247 B.C. The Jews did not regard them as inspired, but sometimes as having inspired messages. Then Jerome added the Apocrypha to the Bible in 411 A.D., and intended them to be added for edification, not as the inspired word of God. However, in time, this purpose was forgotten.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Roman Church to this day teaches these <em>Apocypha</em> are inspired texts. Based on the Apocrypha, it is sensible to believe in a place called Purgatory. Without the <em>Apocrypha</em>, it is not only <strong>not</strong> sensible to believe in Purgatory, but also it is <strong>wrong</strong> to believe in a second chance place after you die where relatives can pray your way out of it so you enter heaven.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Hence, if you had the mindset of Torrey, if you picked up the original King James Bible of 1611 any time up to 1824, you will accept what is unreasonable (Purgatory), contradicting other principles in Scripture, and never ask whether the canon itself has been mixed with noninspired materials.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The same is incidentally true of<em><strong> Psalms</strong></em>. The Jews kept it outside the Torah (Law) and Prophets, because they did not regard it as inspired 100%. It <strong><em>sometimes</em></strong> was inspired, but other times not. Thus, the venting of hatred in it by David was his personal expression. It is not a role model to copy in that regard. Jesus even references this when he says, "You have heard it said, hate your enemies...," and then says hate is the equivalent of murder. Jesus meant the so-called precatory Psalms are not what you should follow.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, Christians today cannot read the Precatory Psalms that vent hatred at enemies and claim that is God’s inspired word justifying hating one's enemies merely because it is in canon.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Why? Because the Christian Bible eliminated the threefold division of canon that Jews had. We thus lost the memory of why the canon was divided the way it was — precisely to assist the student to not treat as inspired what was added merely for edification or because it is mixed with some inspired portions, such as the Psalms written by Moses. (For a knol article on the original division of canon by the Jews, see Rives, "<a href="http://knol.google.com/k/standford-rives/writings-section-of-original-bible-of/g6z6g2l2q6zj/26#view">Writings Section of Original Bible of Jews</a>".)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The founders of the Reformation were also adamant that certain portions of the current New Testament do not belong. Luther <strong><em>could not solve the contradiction</em></strong> between James and Paul.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Rather than eject Paul and keep James, Luther said James’ epistle must be regarded as not inspired canon. (Luther's partner Carlstadt said differently that Paul and James are at the same level, and their contradiction means we must look to Jesus' doctrine of salvation for clear guidance. Hence, only Jesus could solve the quandry between 'faith alone' and 'faith and works.' See <a href="/topicindex/193-carlstadt-research.html">Carlstadt: Reformation Founder</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Luther also could not resolve the contradiction between the salvation doctrine on works in Revelation, especially Revelation 3:13, and that of Paul. Rather than eject Paul and keep Revelation, Luther said the Book of Revelation was not inspired. (See "<span style="color: #000000;"><a href="/Recommended-Reading/luther-and-canon.html">Luther and Canon</a></span>.")</span></p>
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<div></div>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Likewise, Calvin in reading Second Peter could not accept its criticism of Paul as "difficult to understand," and felt this means Apostle Peter could not have written it, as Second Peter undermines Paul. Hence, rather than accept Second Peter's criticism of Paul and thus eject Paul as "difficult to understand," Calvin ejected Second Peter as lacking a truly inspired apostolic source of Peter. (See "<a href="/Recommended-Reading/second-peter-reference-to-paul.html">Second Peter's Reference to Paul.</a>")</span></p>
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<div></div>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">(Incidentally, in my prior book,<em> Jesus’ Words Only</em> (2007) - always availabe free online at this site, I contend that none of Paul’s writings are inspired canon, and that is the correct solution to what Luther and Calvin were trying to resolve.)</span></p>
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<h2>Small But Acknowledged Possibility Of Copying Errors</h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Lastly, one cannot accept everything that appears violative of reason in the Bible as if God was speaking to you the way He spoke to Abraham because of the possibility of an error in transmission. There are indeed errors in the copyists’ works within the early church. The variants are few, affecting perhaps 1-2% of the text. (F.F.Bruce, <em><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=mtyPMWgtKLMC">New Testament Documents</a> </em>(2009).) Yet, they can be isolated, and likely solutions offered. Because of the risk of this 1-2% transmission error one must ask reason too to examine each verse. It is always possible, although highly unlikely, that a corruption took place.</span></p>
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<h2>Conclusion</h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Hence, keep reason as a friend at all times. <strong><em>God gave you reason for a reason</em></strong>. When you read the Bible, you must never forget you are also reading a book.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">If God talks to you from heaven, Torrey’s advice is sound. But if you are reading something in the Bible that sounds wrong or unreasonable, you have the right to skepticism which Abraham did not enjoy. There is always the possibility that you are reading material added sometimes for edification mixed with inspired materials. This is true for the Psalms. Sometimes edifying material was added, and people confusingly raised the status to inspired when it is not inspired. This happened with the Apocrypha in the King James Bible (from 1611-1825). Perhaps this applies to the entirety of Paul's writings as well. There also could be a textual transmission error.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">It’s too bad that our forefathers were not angels and instead were fallible creatures. But it would be foolish of us to not remember those facts whenever we read the Bible.</span></p>
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