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<td valign="top" ><span id="en-NLT-13599" class="text Job-31-34">Have I feared the crowd </span><span class="indent-1"><span class="text Job-31-34">or the contempt of the masses, </span></span><span class="indent-1"><span class="text Job-31-34">so that I kept quiet and stayed indoors? (Job 31:34 NLT)</span></span></td>
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<h1><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>Paul's Words if Taken as Inspired Destroy Old and New Testament's Validity</strong></span></h1>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">People claim if we disputed Paul's words as truly inspired then this unravels the NT. However, the opposite is true. Instead, if one insists Paul is an apostle (he was not except by his own claim), and you insist Paul is inspired, Paul unravels the validity of all of Holy Scripture - from Moses to the 12’s witness about Jesus.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">This is indirectly proven from a work of 1740 by Thomas Morgan entitled <em>Moral Philosophe</em><em>r: in a Dialogue with Philelthes, a Christian deist and Theophanes, a Christian Jew. </em></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><em></em>Morgan claimed Paul as his hero whom Morgan contended favored natural religion in place of the one found in the Hebrew Bible.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Using Paul alone, Morgan convincingly tore inspiration away from all Holy Scripture by effectively using his opponents' assumption that Paul was an apostle and inspired. (This confirms my point how dangerous it is to teach Paul is inspired.) Morgan cleverly argued, as quoted in detail in the next section below:</span></p>
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<ul>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Since Paul said the Law given Moses was blinding, enslaving, killing, etc., then no one can believe it came from God. (Morgan also borrows Paul's statement in Galatians that the angels gave the Law, and Morgan took it one step further == Morgan insisted Yahweh/Jehovah is an angel, and the Israelites mistakenly thought an angel was God); and</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Paul conflicted with the 12 apostles on: (a)<strong><em> the Law's validity</em></strong> when Paul claimed an anti-Law revelation from God but somehow this revelation by-passed the 12; (b)<em> </em><strong><em>on who was the Apostle to the Gentiles</em></strong> -- Peter or Paul because Peter in Acts 15 says he is the Apostle to the Gentiles but Paul claimed to the contrary in his epistle that he was the apostle to the Gentiles; and (c)<strong><em> Peter's eating practices with Gentiles</em></strong>; etc. Morgan concluded this meant the other apostles could not enjoy constant infallibility as they conflicted with Paul, and hence there was no infallibility to anything the 12 recorded as coming from Jesus. Which means to Morgan that only Paul had validity, and Paul debased everything the 12 said as uninspired including any quotes they attributed to Jesus.</span></li>
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</ul>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">All of these arguments are valid if one assumes Paul is inspired. (I do not.) But the opponent whom Morgan was fighting never thought to affirm none of these proofs are valid <strong><em>if Paul is not inspired</em></strong>. Thus, if we deny Paul inspiration, the Law given Moses remains good and valid per Jesus in Matt. 5:17-19. Paul's contrary view would be falsified by Jesus.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Moreover, then if Paul is not inspired, then Peter's claim in Acts 15 which says the "Holy Spirit" showed them that Peter was the Apostle to the Gentiles (not Paul who was listening to this speech) remains unassailable, contrary to Paul's claim of his own superior mission to the Gentiles. We would deduce that Paul was grandstanding with self-promotion.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">And finally, we would realize Peter's eating practices were dictated by politeness as Jesus repeatedly emphasized Christians not to eat meat sacrificed to idols in Revelation chs. 2 and 3. The best way to do this was not to eat with Gentiles who did not follow such a prohibition. Otherwise, you would have to ask about all the foods on the table. So it was Paul who had the problem by teaching it was ok to eat such meat (and freely eating with Gentiles who did not adhere to avoiding foods sacrificed to idols).</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Hence, all of Morgan's arguments could be dispelled by his opponent affirming Paul was uninspired.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">This proves that disputing Paul's validity does not cause any lessening of trust in Jesus's words. Instead, it <strong><em>enhances the credibility of both the OT and NT other than Paul</em></strong>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Here is a synopsis of Morgan's book from 1740 which made very clever arguments to use Paul’s validity to destroy all of the Bible except Paul, exploiting the standard assumptions that Paul was an apostle of Jesus Christ and that Paul spoke with constant infallibility -- assumptions without any confirmation in the NT. Morgan’s mission wasto destroy the validity of both the entire Original Testament and the Jesus' portion of the New Testament.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Believer in Natural Religion Cites Paul As First Advocate of Natural Religion</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Thomas Morgan in his <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PP5#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Moral Philosopher</a> (1740) was a defender of natural religion. Congruent with his own view, he claimed Paul taught a natural religion, rejecting a religion based upon Moses. <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT188#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">194</a>. Morgan contends Paul intended to dispense with the written and ceremonial Law, while retaining the inward principles of action which Paul calls the Law of Faith or the Law of Christ. <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT260#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">266</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan then claims Paul was the first to realize natural religion was truth, and not the Law given Moses:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"But when the light of the gospel had discovered more clearly the nature of true religion, and the inward spiritual worship of God could accept and reward, <em><strong>St. Paul was now and thoroughly convinced that there could be nothing of religion or divine authority</strong></em>, in that blinding, enslaving and carnal Constitution [<em>i.e.</em>, the Law of Moses] which they had received and submitted to as the true worship of God." <em>Id., </em>at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT245#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">251</a>.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"St. Paul declared against, and endeavoured to reform. It was the religious obligation of that Law in point of conscience and divine Worship, and in this sense<strong><em> he declares it not to be binding, either to Jew or Gentile</em></strong>." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT245#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">251</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan then uses Paul's own words to prove the Law given Moses was uninspired at least in the part Paul criticizes - thus supporting Morgan's religion of nature:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"But Paul never speaks of this Law of Ordinances as holy, just and good, but the quite contrary: And if this Law, which made a Principal part of Moses, was in its own nature and tendency, as the apostle represents it, <strong><em>blinding, enslaving, carnal, and killing</em></strong>, I am sure it could not be the Law of God." <em>Id.</em>, at 266-<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT261#v=onepage&q&f=false">267</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">If one thinks Morgan is exaggerating, then why did Luther say the same thing, saying Paul proved Moses and the Prophets all had mistaken revelation from an angel that was inferior to the glorious gospel Paul found from the true God? If you are in doubt, read our webpage on Luther's view of Canon at this<a href="/topicindex/196-luther-thoughts-on-inspiration.html"> link</a>.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Paul's Contradiction of Jesus and Other Apostles Proves Dispute Among "Apostles Invalidates Any Infallibility of Apostles"</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">According to one of the twelve apostles (<em style="line-height: 1.3em;">i.e.</em>, Matthew in 5:17-19, 15:6), Morgan says Jesus insisted He was a conformist to the Law, and only wanted to throw off the extra-legal traditions that had been added. <em style="line-height: 1.3em;">Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT189#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false" style="line-height: 1.3em;">195</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan used this contradiction between Paul and Jesus / the 12 to prove there is no infallible truth in the Bible from "all" apostles. Morgan never considered whether he could prove Paul was truly an apostle relying on Paul’s claims alone, but instead Morgan reveled in that his opponent (to whom he responded) admitted Paul was an apostle of Jesus. See page <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT128#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">134</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">By assuming Paul was such an apostle and thus supposedly had equal right to claim inspiration, Morgan was able to destroy all of the apostolic gospels of the NT: "I have showed that the Apostles were so<em><strong> far from infallible</strong></em>, or under any unerring guidance, in everything they believed and taught, that <strong><em>they were greatly divided among themselves on the continued authority of the Law</em></strong>." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT238#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">244</a>.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"The Apostles of the Circumcision, of whom Peter was the chief, made<em><strong> a schism against St. Paul, and separated from him with all their adherents</strong></em>, as granting too much liberty to the Gentiles, and taking an illegal liberty of eating and drinking, and familiarly conversing with them, while they were yet in their heathen state; and they charged him with<strong><em> preaching a new and strange gospel regarding the abrogation of the Law</em></strong>, and the equality of Jews and Gentiles in the Christ's kingdom, independent of the Law." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT238#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">244</a>.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"St. Paul on the other hand stood to his own gospel, or to the Doctrine of Christ, as he preached it, against the Judaizers. He insists upon it, that he had his gospel by Revelation, and had been<strong><em> made the Apostle to the Gentiles</em></strong> without ever concerting anything with them, or advising with them." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT239#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">245</a>.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"And St. Paul claims and challenges to himself <em><strong>the Apostleship to the Gentiles, against Pete</strong></em>r, and all the other Apostles of the Circumcision, who had no such authority. This was the plain state of the Case in Fact. Now, here, surely could not be Infallibility, or any unerring Guidance on both sides; and yet all wrought Miracles, and all equally had the Holy Ghost. Miracles, therefore, and Inspiration, did not prove infallibility, and unerring guidance in those days." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT239#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">245</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan later again argues that the conflict among Peter and Paul proves one or the other is wrong, and thus there is no 'apostolic infallibility' -- Morgan gladly assuming Paul alone is a true apostle:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"I have proved that if the Apostles made any such claim [to infallibility], their differences and divisions among themselves, both in doctrine and practice, must have confuted and convicted them. <strong><em>Peter and Paul with respect to Jews and Gentiles preached two different Gospels, </em></strong>and separated at Antioch because they could not agree about the Authority and extent of the Jerusalem Council, and therefore they could not continue together, or minister in the same churches." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT319#v=onepage&q&f=false">325</a>.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"The Apostles and Teachers of Circumcision all along thought themselves to be under the obligation of the whole Law, even as a matter of religion, and good conscience towards God, which <strong><em>St. Paul vehemently declared against</em></strong>." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT319#v=onepage&q&f=false">325</a>. See also <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT324#v=onepage&q&f=false">330</a>.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"If this author understands Paul right, he must have been one of the most inconsistent, self-contradictory writers in the world. He must have maintained that the ritual Law, or Law of ordinances, was<strong><em> a carnal worldly binding, and enslaving Constitutio</em></strong>n, and state of things, in its own nature and tendency, that in itself, according to the Letter, or in its literal sense, it was <strong><em>dead, unprofitable and never true, nor good</em></strong>; that it had always kept those who were under it in a wretched<strong><em> state of darkness and bondage</em></strong>, subject to the devil, and<strong><em> their own lusts; and under this miserable vassalage, it could afford them no help</em></strong>. And yet at the same time, according to our learned Author, St. Paul must have maintained that this Constitution was immediately instituted and ordained by God Himself, under the sanction of Divine Authority for very wise and good ends. This is the gross absurdity and contradiction which he put upon that great apostle...." <em>Id.</em>, at 252-<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT247#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">53</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan continues, saying that if Paul received the news that the law was abolished, then why did not the "other" apostles? Morgan argues:</span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"But if God by any express testimony or declaration to St. Paul had revoked or repealed this part of the Law, as having been of divine Institution, it is wonderful that the apostles and teachers of the Circumcision should know nothing of it...and should not have had the same revelation." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT248#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">254</a>.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"This abrogation of the ceremonial Law, or the Law relating to the Mosaic priesthood and Sacrifices, <strong><em>remained a secret to the Apostles and teachers to the Circumcision</em></strong>, at least thirty years..." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT249#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">255</a>.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Conclusion</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan's work perfectly demonstrates the invalidation that Paul presents of OT and NT scripture from the Apostles (<em>i.e.</em>, Matthew and John) if one assumes Paul is inspired.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Most of the time this issue today is ignored in favor of an alternative with the same result: the issue is resolved by means of the "dispensational" or "covenant theology" rubrics. This says the OT and all of Jesus's statements in the Gospels that are based on the OT are only applicable to a prior dispensation. Only Paul's message supposedly applies in the NT. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">So rather than reject Paul and maintain the validity of the OT and NT except Paul (as the 12 taught post-Acts), they insist Paul is 100% correct, and no one else is important to consider. This way Morgan's argument is unnecessary but with the same effect. For by giving Paul a superiority over everyone else's voice in the NT, including the messages "in the flesh" of the Lord Jesus, you end up erasing all of Jesus’ words in the flesh and all the Original Testament — debunked entirely by accepting Paul’s simplistic term for it as ”Old Testament.”</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">This is a deplorable solution, as it gets rid of everything Yahweh taught Israel and all Jesus's teachings so as to hold onto only Paul. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">What Morgan also proved is that the 12 were following the law after Jesus' Ascension and Paul wasn't. So the ongoing division is what proves one or the other was true. Both could not be telling the same truth. Morgan therefore concluded that all the 12 are false, and so is the entire original Law and Prophets as well.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, we see then that from the true deductions that Morgan made, the presence of Paul as an infallible figure actually nullified both the Original Testament and the New Testament other than Paul. So the following is the choice: will we reject the Gospel of Jesus to accept Paul's Gospel, or accept Paul's Gospel alone even though Paul never quotes Jesus' delivering this different gospel? </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">END</span></p>
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<hr />
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Miscellany in Morgan's Work</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan attacks the tithing system as overly enriching the Levites. See <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT286#v=onepage&q&f=false">28</a>6. This is true in the misunderstood way Christian leaders of his day misconstrued it. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">(The truth is the tithe was a three year cycle. You took 10% of farm produce, including animals, in years 1 and 2 to Jerusalem, and ate them at a big festival with your family. In year three, such tithe was collected in nearest city and distributed to poor, including widows, orphans, gentiles, and LEVITES (because </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">they owned no land.) The Levites thus never could become rich in the true tithe system.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan admits Paul's argument that Christians were the "seed" spoken about in the promise to Abraham had to be a "very obscure" means of God's message appearing, and thus Paul's reading appeared weak. <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT255#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">261</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan endeavors to prove the Epistle to the Hebrews was not written by Paul as it says the writer labored among the Hebrews in Jerusalem which Paul never did. <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT256#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">262</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Similar to Paul's teaching that the Law came from angels, Morgan says Jews confounded their guardian angel with the supreme being, and came wrongly to worship the supposed angel Jehovah as God. <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT210#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">216</a> and <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT308#v=onepage&q&f=false">314</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"The copy of which St. Paul made use for the settling the time of Judges, the reign of Samuel and Saul, and the whole period from Exodus, differed widely from any copies now in being." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT240#v=onepage&q=peter&f=false">246</a>.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"<em><strong>St. Paul then, it seems, preach'd another and quite different Gospel from what was preach'd by Peter and the other Apostle</strong></em>s."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan argues that Moses's slaying of the Midianites was not approved by God, and exposes why God punished Moses. See <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT328#v=onepage&q&f=false">334</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan claimed that there is no instance in the Law that a sacrifice ever remitted the penalty for an offence, and thus we have misunderstood that atonement excuses obedience. See <em>id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT325#v=onepage&q&f=false">331</a>. He is correct. You still owed the work worthy of repentance, e.g. paying back what you stole with interest.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Morgan provided a topical index. See this <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBktAAAAYAAJ&dq=thomas%20morgan%20moral%20philosopher&pg=PT353#v=onepage&q&f=false">link</a>.</span></p>
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