701 lines
104 KiB
HTML
701 lines
104 KiB
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<td valign="top" >"The world is full of religious teachers [and] prophets. All of them claim to be able to speak authoritatively. How do we know whom to believe?" Steven Davis</td>
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<div class="moduleS1">
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<h3>Recommendations</h3>
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||
<p><a href="/recommendedreading/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
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<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
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<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
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<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
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<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
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<h1> </h1>
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<h1><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;">Jesus’ Negative Prophesy About Paul in Matthew 5:17-19</span></strong></h1>
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<p> </p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Scholars going all the way back to Augustine in 390 AD say Paul was playing on the meaning of his name as "least" when he tells the Corinthians:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">For I am the <strong><em>least</em></strong> [Greek elichistos, adj.] of the apostles and do not even deserve to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God. (<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Corinthians%2015:9&version=NIV">1 Cor. 15:9</a>)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul was playing on Paul's Latin name "Paulus" meaning "least," as Augustine pointed out in 390 AD. (See below.) Paul did so again in <a href="http://biblehub.com/text/ephesians/3-8.htm">Ephesians 3:8</a> (Biblehub.com) when Paul said “I am the <strong>very least</strong> (Greek elichistotero) of all saints....”)(See Bible Hub’s Greek tab.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">How is Paul playing on the meaning of his name Paulos as rendered in Greek? First, Paulos in Greek “is of Latin origin” from the Latin name of Paulus. See <a href="http://biblehub.com/greek/3972.htm">Strong’s 3972.</a></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Then Paulus in Latin is a contracted form of the word "pauxillulus." (Matthew Martini, <strong>Lexicon philologicum</strong> (J.L. de Lorme, 1701) Vol. 2 at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IIVdAAAAcAAJ&dq=pauxillulus&pg=PA194#v=onepage&q=pauxillulus&f=false">194</a> ("Paulus, ex hoc... pauxillullus.") </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Why is this true? </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In Latin, long words were frequently cut down by omitting the middle syllables, and keeping just the first and last syllables. So pauxillulus becomes pau...lus or <strong>paulus</strong> for short. <span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">(John William Donaldson, </span><strong style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">Varrionianus: A Critical and Historical Introduction to the Ethnography etc.</strong><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;"> (1852) at page </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jwhCAAAAIAAJ&dq=Pauxillus%20paul&pg=PA435#v=onepage&q=Pauxillus%20paul&f=false" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">435.</a><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">)</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This is like we say "can't" for "cannot." It is just simpler, and every English speaker knows what you mean.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">How do we know the meaning of "paulus" as least?</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The base meaning is from "paucus" (small, little). Then a diminutive meaning -- a lesser meaning -- is created by the suffix in bold in "pau<strong>xillum</strong>." As a dimunitive meaning, it now means "very few." Then next, the double dimunitive of "paucus" is "paux<strong>illulus</strong>" - meaning a "very small quantity" (Félix Gaffiot’s <span style="font-style: italic; color: #222222; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial;">Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français</span> (Hachette 1934) at <a href="http://micmap.org/dicfro/search/gaffiot/pauxillulus">1128</a>.) Yet, with a word already meaning very small - "pauxillulus," a double dimunitive suffix now changes "very little" into a superlative diminutive meaning. It is thus more accurately translated by Holyoke as "<strong>least</strong>," or the "<strong>least</strong> that can be." (Thomas Holyhoke, <strong>A Large Dictionary in 3 Parts</strong> (1677) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cjdLAAAAcAAJ&dq=Pauxillus%20paul&pg=PT943#v=onepage&q=Pauxillus%20paul&f=false">943</a>.) As we shall see, Augustine confirms that is the correct meaning in his 390AD commentary on 1 Cor. 15:9.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, the word "pauxillulus" in Latin means "least," and its contracted form is "paulus." It’s transliteration into Greek is Paulos which is how Paul is referred to in the NT.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Several mainstream Church commentators admit this, as explained below.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">However, these scholars' admissions will lead to the unraveling of Paul under a prophecy of our Lord. For <strong>Jesus refers to those in the kingdom will use the name of "least"</strong> -- the singular <a href="https://greeklinguistics.com/grammar/06.html">feminine</a> <a href="http://biblehub.com/text/matthew/5-19.htm"><strong>elichiston</strong></a> of the <strong>same root adjective</strong> in Greek as in 1 Cor. 15:9 (<strong>elichistos</strong>, masculine) - to identify one who teaches <strong>relaxation of obedience to the Law of Moses</strong>. Jesus contrasts this “least” person against the “<strong>great</strong>” who are in heaven whom Jesus says are those who “do” and “teach“ the Law’s commands.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This is in <a href="http://biblehub.com/text/matthew/5-19.htm">Matthew 5:19</a>. </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This passage reads in the Young's Literal Translation:</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">'Whoever therefore may loose one of these <strong>commands</strong> -- the least -- and may teach men so, <strong>least</strong></span><strong style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;"> </strong>[Greek, elichiston, feminine of adjective]<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> he shall be <strong>called in the reign of the heavens</strong></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, but whoever may do and may teach them</span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, he shall be called <strong>great</strong> in the reign of the heavens. (Matt. </span><a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%205:19&version=YLT" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;">5:19</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, YLT.)</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Then verse 20 indicates this least person who deprecates the Law, is, like the Pharisees, not “entering” the kingdom due to a shallow righteousness. Jesus taught in Matthew 23:23 that the Pharisees taught a shallow version of the Law...tithing, but “ignored the weightier principles of the Law on judgement” (right-and-wrong), “mercy” (see Exodus 20:6 on mercy’s conditions), and “pistis”—Greek for “faithfulness” (NIV) <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">= “obedience” or</span> “Faith“ (KJV).</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The "commands" in verse 19 in context meant God's Law and the Prophets. Please remember in Acts 15 that the 12 apostles (with James overseeing) decided as to Gentiles that there were much fewer commands applicable in the Law to "sojourners in your gates" than to “sons of Israel,” starting with four laws. It did not include circumcision -- a command only applicable to "sons of Israel" in Lev 12:1-3. See <a href="/recommendedreading/98-law-applicable-today.html">link</a>. </span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">We will next review in detail the prophecy from Jesus about Paul in Matthew 5:17-19. </span></span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul's Name is Paulus</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Luke tells us Saul was "also known as Paul." (Acts <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%2013:9&version=KJV">13:9</a>.) Luke never explains the origin of this name. Nowhere is it explained in the New Testament.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Whence came that name? And what does it mean?</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Paulos in Greek in the NT is a word solely of Latin origin. It transliterated Paulus, an adjective in Latin meaning "least," as shown above. Why would Saul Paul have one name that is Latin?</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Because Saul Paul as a Roman citizen from birth, as a citizen of Tarsus, had to have a Roman name. Saul is a Hebrew name. It turns out that Paulus is a Latin name rendered as Paulos in Greek.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;">Why did Paul have a Latin name? Luke tells us Saul of Tarsus was a Roman citizen by birth. Acts</span><a href="http://bible.cc/acts/22-28.htm" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;"> 22:28</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;">. This is verifiable because 100 years earlier, Roman politician Anthony had conferred Roman citizenship upon all the inhabitants of Tarsus, and this was later attested to by Emperor Caesar Augustus. (See</span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;">Barnes Commentary notes at this </span><a href="http://bible.cc/acts/22-28.htm" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;">link</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;">.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">However, to receive Roman citizenship, a Jew had to give the child a second name in Latin, typically belonging to the benefactor bestowing citizenship:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"When a foreigner received the right of citizenship, he<em><strong> took a new name</strong></em>, which was ar­ranged on much the same principles as have been ex­plained in the cases of freedmen. His original name was retained as a sort of <em>cognomen</em>, and before it were written the praenomen that suited his fancy and the <em><strong>nomen of the person, always a Roman citizen, to whom he owed his citi­zenship</strong></em>. " Harold W. Johnston, <em>The Private Life of the Romans </em>(Revised by Mary Johnston) (Scott, Foresman and Company: 1932) ch. <a href="http://www.forumromanum.org/life/johnston_2.html">2</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">So besides a Jewish name like Saul, his father had to give his son a Roman name. This is evidently why Paul has a Latin name Paulus. He would be known as "Paulus Saul." In the Greek NT, Paulus was transliterated as "Paulos."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, because Paulus is a shortened form of the name Pauxillulus, what again does it mean in Latin?</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paulus/Pauxillulus Means 'Least"</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Paulus is a contraction of Pauxillulus. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Pauxillulus in Latin means "<em>least</em>." </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In the <a href="http://jfb.biblecommenter.com/1_corinthians/15.htm" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary</a>, in order to explain why Paul calls himself the "least" (in Greek, elichiston, adj.) of the apostles in <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Corinthians%2015:9&version=NIV" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">1 Cor. 15:9</a>, the commentators point out the meaning of Paul's true Latin name:</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px 30px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"The name, "Paulus," in Latin, means "<em><strong>least</strong></em>." (See also Biblos <a href="http://bible.cc/1_corinthians/15-9.htm" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">quote</a> of Jamieson).</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Likewise, we read in Farrar, <em>The Life and Work of St. Paul </em>(E.P. Dutton, 1880) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Nx5VAAAAMAAJ&dq=paulus%20means%20least&pg=PA200#v=onepage&q=paulus%20means%20least&f=false" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">200</a> or (1903) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1aduXxsUHxEC&dq=Pauxillus%20paul&pg=PA200#v=onepage&q=Pauxillus%20paul&f=false">200</a> the meaning of Paul's name, and how Augustine ca. 390 AD explained Paul used it in <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Corinthians%2015:9&version=NIV" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">1 Cor. 15:9</a>:</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px 30px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"Paulus, a contraction of Pauxillus [sic: Pauxillulus], means '<em><strong>least</strong></em>.'" (citing a reference in Augustine's <em>Sermons </em>clxix; See version in French <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mt3fAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA276&dq=augustine%20%E2%80%9Csermon%20clxix%E2%80%9D&pg=PA276#v=onepage&q=augustine%20%E2%80%9Csermon%20clxix%E2%80%9D&f=false">here</a>.)</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px 30px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">[My note: It appears he means Sermon 169:5. Cf <em>Works of St. Augustine: A Translation for 21st Century</em> (1992) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=jY2VQH-w1gIC&lpg=PA10&ots=HhUxH2xMIf&dq=augustine%20sermon%20169&pg=PA225#v=onepage&q=augustine%20sermon%20169&f=false" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">225</a>. See <a href="http://www.augustinus.it/latino/discorsi/discorso_220_testo.htm">Sermon 169</a> in Latin.] </span> </p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">What Latin word did Augustine have in mind that means least? It turns out that the uncontracted form of Paul's name is Pauxillulus. Obviously, this is what Augustine was saying was Paul's true full name.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> </p>
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<h3 style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 29px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 20px; color: #76756a; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paulus as Pauxillulus: Is It Prophetic Knowledge of Jesus? or Hate By Matthew?</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Before we explain how Latin-speaker Augustine would have deduced Pauxillulus was Paul's full name from 1 Cor. 15:9, let me point out that we shall see later that Paul aficionados attribute anti-Paul references in the NT to hatred by the apostles for Paul or to false inserts by judaizers (with no proof), rather than believe it is a true prophecy of Jesus. </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">However, as we will now prove, only Jesus, not Matthew would have known the subtle means that Augustine used to detect that Paul's true full name in Latin was Pauxillulus. Apostle Matthew could not have plausibly known the sophisticated means that one could identify the name of Paul in Latin by its Greek synonym -- elichistos. Only Jesus plausibly could know Paul's true name and its meaning in Latin.</span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><br /></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">First, </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Augustine would have been aware that Paulus when expanded, could start as Pauxillulus. And it means "least."</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Thomas Holyoke explains in <strong>A Large Dictionary in Three Parts</strong> (Sawbridge 1677) at "<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cjdLAAAAcAAJ&dq=Pauxillus%20paul&pg=PT943#v=onepage&q=Pauxillus%20paul&f=false">Pau ... Pec</a>" that there are two words at issue that Paulus can form from: "Pauxillus...very little, exceeding few. <strong>Pauxillulus...the leas</strong>t that can be, extraordinarily few." </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> </p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This means Augustine recognized Paul was implying that his name Paulus was a contraction from Pauxillulus, rather than from pauxillus.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Who but Jesus or a very proficient Latin speaker would know Pauxillulus is the same as Paul, and means least, and thus would know why Paul used a Greek adjective meaning least in 1 Cor. 15:9 to wittily allude to his name? Matthew certainly is a Jew from Galilee -- a backwater of Israel with little familiarity with Latin or Latin speakers, and could not possibly have known such subtle detection steps that a native speaker like Augustine used to figure it out.</span></p>
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<p><strong style="font-size: 12.16px; line-height: 1.3em;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></strong></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>Augustine's Explanation Was Limited to 1 Corinthians 15:9</strong></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, "Paulus" meant "least" in Latin which was first revealed when intimated by Augustine in about 390 AD as the explanation of 1 Cor. 15:9. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Why didn't Augustine also see the link betwen 1 Cor. 15:9 and Matthew 5:19? After all, Paul is alluding to the meaning of his name in Latin as "least" using the Greek word "elichistos" -- which Jesus uses identically in Matthew 5:19 to mean "least"? </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">(Jesus via Matthew used the same root word with a feminine singular ending -- "elichiston." This does not change the meaning of a Greek adjective, as adjectives can vary the ending but not change their meaning.) </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Thus, even though Jesus in Matthew 5:19 used "elichiston" in the feminine form to criticize the one who will negate the Law, and Paul -- the one who negates the Law numerous times -- alluded to his Latin name as meaning "elichistos" in 1 Cor. 15:9, Augustine simply missed the obvious connection. This shows Augustine made this admission <strong>unwittingly</strong>, unaware how it would prove Jesus was giving us a warning prophecy about Paul in Matthew 5:19.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Hence, Augustine made this connection without any intent to expose the prophecy we will be able to see ourselves in Matthew 5:19. This means Augustine, someone who relied upon and cited Paul often, had no intention of undermining Paul by drawing the connection between the Greek for least and the meaning of Paul's name in Latin as least. It was a completely unbiased objective observation.</span></p>
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<p>. </p>
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<p> </p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;">Jesus Says the Kingdom Occupants Will Call By Name “Least” The One Who Teaches Against Keeping The Law</span></strong></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Who will the occupants of the kingdom of heaven call "least," according to our Lord Jesus? After mentioning the Law given Moses and the Prophets, Jesus says:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">'Whoever therefore may loose one of these commands -- the least -- and may teach men so, <strong>least</strong> he shall be <em><strong>called in the reign of the heavens</strong></em>, but whoever may do and may teach <em>them</em>, he shall be called great in the reign of the heavens. (Matt. <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%205:19&version=YLT">5:19</a>, YLT.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The pastor of the Bethel Church of God explains correctly, as I detail below on the Greek grammar, "<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This text does not infer that those who break the commandments and teach men so will be </span><em>in</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> the kingdom of heaven, but <strong><em>they will be called the least by those who are there</em></strong>." ("<a href="http://www.bethelcog.org/church/understanding-paul/understanding-paul-1">Understanding Paul</a>," Bethel Church of God, Eugene, Oregon (Nov. 17, 2012).)</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Incidentally, the Greek for "loose" is "luo" and means "relax" or "loosen."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This verse thus literally says "the least (<em>elichistos</em>) he shall be called [by those] in the kingdom of heaven" who looses/relaxes any of the commands in the Law given Moses.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Scholarly Agreement 5:19 Is Anti-Paul Statement</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Because the “least” is the one who loosens the Law in Matthew 5:19, Johannes Weiss (1863-1914), Professor of Theology at Heidelberg (see photo below), in </span><em><a href="http://ia700302.us.archive.org/10/items/dasurchristentum00weisuoft/dasurchristentum00weisuoft.pdf">Das Urchristentum</a></em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> (1917) said “least” in Matt 5:19 is a prophecy about Paul. In 1951, scholar S.G.F. Brandon agreed with Weiss, “that the </span><strong><em>least in the kingdom of heaven is a reference to Paul</em></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, the least of the apostles (cf </span><a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Corinthians%2015:9&version=NIV" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">1 Cor 15:9</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">).” (See D.C. Sim, “Matthew’s anti-Paulinism: A neglected feature of Matthean studies,” </span><em>HTS</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> 58(2) 2002 at 767 </span><em>et seq</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">. [</span><a href="/recommendedreading/290-matthew-as-anti-pauline-text.html" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">link</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">], citing S.G.F. Brandon, </span><em>The Fall of Jerusalem and the Christian Church</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> (2nd edition. London: SPCK, 1957) at 232-34.)</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><img src="/images/stories/JWOBook/weiss_author_of_dasurchristentum00weisuoft_0006.jpg" alt="weiss_author_of_dasurchristentum00weisuoft_0006" width="210" height="318" style="float: right;" /></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Even the famous and highly influential pro-Paul Christian theologian Rudolf Bultmann acknowledged the plausibility of Weiss' contention, saying that Matthew 5:19 is a reference "<strong><em>perhaps to Paul himself</em></strong>." (Rudolf Bultmann, <em>Theology of the New Testament</em> (Trans. Kendrick Grobel)(N.Y.: Charles Scribner's & Sons, 1972) at 349 / <em>Id.</em>, (1951) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Lhazug-q5YAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Rudolf+Bultmann+Theology+of+the+New+Testament&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=JclSTY7zK4uCsQPtpKG_Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22perhaps%20to%20Paul%22&f=false">54</a>.) <em>See also</em>, F.F. Powell, <em>Robbing Peter to Pay Paul</em> (2010) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=UiqtUuoosL4C&lpg=PA64&ots=9r-VRkOJFg&dq=%22perhaps%20to%20paul%20himself%22%20bultmann&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q=%22perhaps%20to%20paul%20himself%22%20bultmann&f=false">64</a>, quoting Bultmann.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In accord, David Hill in <em>The Gospel of Matthew</em> (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1981) notes: "Many have found in this verse an attack on the work and teaching of Paul" (<em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?ei=Fn5TTYXcFpOssAOEy8TqAw&ct=result&id=n1wpE3DnnB8C&dq=david+hill+gospel+of+matthew&q=least#search_anchor">119</a>), and "it is claimed the term 'least' is a reference to Paul." <em>See also </em>"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_5:19">Matt. 5:19</a>," <em>Wikipedia. </em></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Bromily in the <em>International Bible Standard Encyclopedia</em> (Eerdman's 1995) mentions some make the "argument that the warning in Mt. 5:19 about the man who 'relaxes one of these least commandments and teaches men so'<strong><em> is a covert attack</em></strong> by stricter Jewish Christians <em><strong>on Paul</strong></em>." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=wo8csizDv0gC&lpg=PA823&ots=jqPOxQdxkp&dq=5%3A19%20attack%20on%20paul%20least&pg=PA823#v=onepage&q=5:19%20attack%20on%20paul%20least&f=false">823</a>. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This comment reflects a common tactic to deflect</span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"> anti-Paul remarks by Jesus by attributing them to hatred of Paul by the apostles. See <a href="/recommendedreading/743-book-review-gray-paul-as-a-problem-in-history.html">link</a> to our review of Gray’s book on Anti-Paul remarks throughout history.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> William David Davies & Dale C. Allison try to cast the issue less than certain (what in history is 100% certain?) by speculating others were equally anti-Law, and not just Paul, and perhaps Matthew did not know Paul's name meant "least." But otherwise, they admit too much. As followers of the Messiah-Yashua, we believe Jesus is speaking. The fact Matthew could not reasonably have known Paul's name meant 'least' in Latin bolsters this is a prophecy of our Lord rather than raises a question mark about whether Matthew understands what he is saying could apply to Paul. Indeed, the fact Matthew would lack the necessary knowledge of Latin to forge a prophecy like this into the text proves it is a true prophecy from our Lord Jesus about Paul. For Jesus certainly foresaw prophetically the Paul of several years in the future who would have a name meaning "least" in Latin. The fact Matthew would have no clue about a Latin meaning to "Paul" proves this is a genuine original prophecy of our Lord Jesus recorded by Apostle Matthew. Here is their nervous admissions: </span></span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">It has, from time to time, been urged that Matt 5:19 adverts to Paul, who in one place called himself the 'least' of the apostles. (1 Cor. 5:19, the <strong><em>Latin Paulus = small</em></strong>). Now there is no doubt the polemical tone of 5:19: <strong><em>the verse was obviously formulated with laxness toward the Law in view. And we cannot exclude the possibility that Paul was originally the intended target</em></strong>. But this possibility remains far outside the bounds of certainty. There were many besides Paul who, at least in the eyes of others, set loose to the Law....And in any case one cannot be certain that Paul was known as the 'least. (</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=z79ltm3TFWwC&pg=PA497&dq=weiss+paul+least+in+kingdom&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GFhJT9qvK8rciQKcwazaDQ&ved=0CFsQ6AEwBw" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" title="A critical and exegetical commentary on the Gospel according to Saint Matthew: in three volumes. Introduction and commentary on Matthew 1-VII, Volume 1">A critical and exegetical commentary on the Gospel</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> </span><em>According to Matthew</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> (1988) at </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=z79ltm3TFWwC&lpg=PA497&vq=paulus&pg=PA497#v=snippet&q=paulus&f=false" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">497</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">.)</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">But the skepticism of these scholars that Matthew could not likely know Paul's name meant 'least' to discount this applies to Paul is proof itself this is a prophecy of Jesus. For only Jesus, and not the writer Matthew, would know for certain the true meaning in Latin of the name of the law-loosener to come -- Paul.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">For an elaborate scholarly demonstration of several anti-Pauline passages in Matthew (from Jesus) including 5:19, see D.C. Sim, "Matthew’s anti-Paulinism: A neglected feature of Matthean studies," <em>HTS</em> 58(2) 2002 at 767 <em>et seq., </em>which we have excerpted here at this <a href="/recommendedreading/290-matthew-as-anti-pauline-text.html">link.</a> See also Sim, <em>The Gospel of Matthew and Christian Judaism</em> (1998) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=9QeLhZyR6EQC&lpg=PA2&dq=Sim%20The%20Gospel%20of%20Matthew%20and%20Christian%20Judaism%20The%20history%20and%20social%20setting%20of%20the%20Matthean%20community%20Edinburgh%3A%20T%26%20T%20Clark%201998&pg=PA200#v=onepage&q&f=false">200</a> <em>et seq.</em></span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">So Who Is Called "Least" and Taught The Relaxation Of The Law?</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul taught “the Law was our custodian until Christ came” (Gal.3:24) but since then, Jesus was “<strong><em>abolishing in his flesh the Law of commandments and ordinances</em></strong>” (Ephesians 2:15).</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">And Paul's name means "least" in Latin!</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">What prescience and subtlety had our Lord.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">And thus all Paulinists who proudly proclaim Paul as their own wear the brand of our savior on their doctrine as one condemned. They are all followers of the "Least."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Called By Those in the Kingdom Does Not Place The Least One In The Kingdom</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Some try saying 5:19 is about "the least<strong><em> in</em></strong> the kingdom of heaven," and thus the least is at least saved. Implicitly, this response seeks to weaken our concern if we follow the 'least' man, as Jesus describes this law-loosening teacher.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">However, please scrupulously note it does not say in 5:19 the "least<strong><em> in</em></strong> the kingdom of heaven," but instead says "the least [he is] <strong><em>called in the kingdom of heaven</em></strong>," as the YLT correctly translated this verse. The Greek words in Matt 5:19 are "<em>elechistos kiethestai en te basileia ton ouranon</em>." Literally "<strong><em>least shall [he] be called in the kingdom of heaven</em></strong>." It NEVER SAYS the "least in the kingdom; rather "least shall [he] be called in the kingdom of heaven." The presence of the verb "<em><strong>call</strong></em>" between "<em><strong>least</strong></em>" and "<em><strong>in the kingdom</strong></em>" makes clear Jesus is not saying this "least" man is in heaven. Rather, those "in the kingdom" shall call this law-loosener "the Least."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The YLT brings out this important grammatical difference, which I will quote again so one can see the true grammatical construct of the sentence:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>19</sup>`Whoever therefore may loose one of these commands -- the least -- and may teach men so, <strong><em>least he shall be called in the reign of the heavens</em></strong>, but whoever may do and may teach [them], he shall be called great in the reign of the heavens. (Matt. <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%205:19&version=YLT">5:19</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">It is verse 20 that proves the "least" one is lost (absent repentance) because Jesus then requires an obedience from us greater than the Pharisees. Jesus elsewhere explained why: the Pharisees had a shallow view of the Law which Jesus identified in Matt. 23:23 (regard for the lesser command of tithing but the Pharisees leave the rest undone, including the judgments of right and wrong, of mercy, and obedience — pistis.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">As a result, <strong><em>every scholar</em></strong> found who addresses this issue concurs that 5:19 means the “least” one remains outside the kingdom and is lost (absent repentance). For example, Adam Clarke, the famous Methodist commentator, explained in 1825 that “least” in 5:19 is understood as excluded from heaven, proven by 5:20:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">“He who, by his mode of acting, speaking, or explaining the words of God, sets the holy precept aside, or explains away its force and meaning, shall be called<em><strong> least</strong></em> --<em><strong> shall have no place in the kingdom of Christ here, nor in the kingdom of glory above</strong></em>. That this is the meaning of these words is evident enough from the following verse [i.e., 5:20].” (Adam Clarke, <em>The Holy Bible</em> (1825) Vol. V at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=I6kGAAAAQAAJ&dq=shall%20have%20no%20place%20in%20the%20kingdom%20of%20Christ%20here%2C%20nor%20in%20the%20kingdom%20of%20glory%20above%20clarke&pg=PT35#v=onepage&q&f=false">56</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Likewise, Alexander B. Bruce, DD, Professor of Apologetics and New Testament Exegesis in the Free Church College in his <em>The Kingdom of God</em> (1897) at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=gqUMAAAAIAAJ&dq=Alexander%20Bruce%20in%20his%20The%20Kingdom%20of%20God%201897%20inauthor%3Aalexander%20inauthor%3Abruce&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false"> 66 </a>says the "least" of 5:19 means to apply to a Pharisee identified next in 5:20 who “cares more for the little than the great commandments [Matt.23:23], [which] has no moral worth and is <strong><em>not in the kingdom at all</em></strong>."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In accord in reading 5:19-20 this way i<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">s the Protestant classic text, </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>Theological Dictionary of the New Testament</em> (ed.G.W. Bromiley)</span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> (1985) at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ltZBUW_F9ogC&lpg=PA612&ots=4zXFOVoRiz&dq=Theological%20Dictionary%20of%20the%20New%20Testament%20%201985%20no%20moral%20worth&pg=PA574#v=onepage&q&f=false"> 574</a>. This says of 5:19 that Jesus means “those who erode the Law while supposedly protect</span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">ing it will </span><strong><em>not even enter</em></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><em> the kingdom</em></strong> (5:20).”</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Similarly,<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> James Blair, a famous theologian, in 1722 gave an insightful discourse which recognized this aspect to 5:19. He said: “The expression of </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">least ...</span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> [must] signify to be</span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><em> totally excluded</em></strong> </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">from [the kingdom of heaven].” See </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">James Blair,<em> </em></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>Our Savior’s Divine Sermon on the Mount</em></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> (5 vols.)(London: 1722) quoted in Edward L. Bond,<em> </em></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>Spreading the Gospel in Colonial Virginia: Sermons and Devotional Writings </em></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">(Lexington: 2004) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1os91kGUjdUC&lpg=PR10&dq=Edward%20L.%20Bond%2CSpreading%20the%20Gospel%20in%20Colonial%20Virginia%3A%20Sermons%20and%20Devotional%20Writings%20lexington&pg=PA193#v=onepage&q=Edward%20L.%20Bond,Spreading%20the%20Gospel%20in%20Colonial%20Virginia:%20Sermons%20and%20Devotional%20Writings%20lexington&f=false">193</a>).<br /></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Matthew Henry, the famous commentator, had the same opinion:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">He that does so, shall be called <em>least in the kingdom of heaven,</em> in the kingdom of glory; he shall <em><strong>never come thither, but be eternally excluded</strong></em>; or, rather, in the kingdom of the gospel-church. He is so far from deserving the dignity of a teacher in it, that he shall not so much as be accounted a member of it. (<a href="http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/matthew/5.html">Henry on 5:19</a>, Bible Study Tools.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Gill in his famous treatise suggests initially two possibilities on what "least" means, but then in light of 5:20, he ends up pointing toward exclusion from heaven as what 'least' signifies. He writes:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><em>the least in the kingdom of heaven</em></strong>; meaning either the church of God, where he shall have neither a name, nor place; he shall not be in the least esteemed, but shall be cast out as a worthless man; or the<strong><em> ultimate state of happiness and glory, in the other world</em></strong>, where he <strong><em>shall not enter, as is said in the next verse</em></strong>; (Gill on 5:19, <a href="http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/matthew-5-19.html">Bible Study Tools</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>Cf</em>. Augustine <em>Sermon on the Mount</em> ch. <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf106.all.html">VIII</a> from Schaff, Nicene and Post-Nicene ("'the least one in the kingdom of heaven'...perhaps he <strong>will not be in the kingdom of heaven at all</strong>.")</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This vast consensus underscores Jesus was speaking of shallow Law-principles of the Pharisees, which includes Paul, and Jesus identified that henceforth those who would be teachers that the Law is annulled / loosened and not to be obeyed would be called "Paul" / "Paulinists." The "Least One / Ones."</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Parallels Jesus' Fault With Pharisees On Law, And Their Consequent Damned Status At The Time</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">What confirms the lost status of the least one who loosens the law (absent repentance) is Jesus identically criticized the Pharisees as loosening the Law except tithing and then Jesus says they and their children are not entering the kingdom as a result:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>23</sup> “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a<em><strong> tenth of your spices</strong></em>—mint, dill and cumin. But you have <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><em>OMITTED</em></strong> </span>(KJV)<strong><em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">LEFT UNDONE</span></span></em></strong> (ASV/Wycliff)<em><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">neglected</span></span> (NIV/YLT) the more important matters of the Law</strong></em>—justice, mercy and faithfulness. <em><strong>You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former</strong></em>.</span> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>24</sup> You blind guides! You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel.****</span></span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>33</sup> “You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape being<em><strong> condemned to hell?</strong></em></span> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>34'****</sup></span></span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>13</sup> “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut the door of the kingdom of heaven in people’s faces. You yourselves <em><strong>do not enter</strong></em>, nor will you<strong><em> let those enter who are trying to</em></strong>.</span> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>[14]</sup> <sup>[<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+23&version=NIV#fen-NIV-23933b" title="See footnote b">b</a>]</sup></span></span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>15</sup> “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You travel over land and sea to win a single convert, and when you have succeeded, you make them twice as much a child of hell as you are. (<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+23&version=NIV">Matt. 23</a> NIV.)</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">So here we see Jesus threatens hell (if no repentance) upon the Pharisees and those following their teachings which minimize the Law to tithing, omitting, neglecting or leaving undone the weightier matters of the Law. It is the same point Jesus made in Matt. 5:19-20.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This does not mean all who accept Paul in canon are not going to enter heaven; rather, it means all those who disregard the Law in reliance upon the Pharisee Paul, and do not do better in relation to the Law, will not enter the kingdom of heaven. Obedience to God's Law is crucial.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">(FYI: The Law applicable to Gentiles is expressly far more narrow in the Law itself. It predominantly includes several chapters in Leviticus which largely repeat the 10 commandments apply to Gentiles. For discussion, see <a href="/JWO/law-applicable-today.html">http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/JWO/law-applicable-today.html</a>.)</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Matthew 5:19 Is Hence Another Amazing Prophecy of Jesus</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Jesus therefore prophesied -- for those who have ears to hear -- of Paulus -- the one who would come teaching men to no longer follow the Law. It was supposedly done away with, nailed to a tree, and made "dead to us." (Romans 7:1-6.) Indeed the one so teaching has that very name -- the "Least" -- Paul -- and will forever be called by that name by those entering the kingdom of heaven!</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">What an amazing prophecy of our Lord! It ranks up there right next to His prophecy that the Temple would one day be torn down. And His prophecy of the ravening wolves.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Unfortunately, this means that unless Paul and every Paulinist repented / repents before death of such doctrine and<em><strong> turns in obedience</strong></em>, it appears their doctrine is a damning one.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Confirmation from Book of Revelation That Jesus Warns of Paul</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Corroboration that Jesus intended in Matthew 5:19 to prophesy about Paul (as a test) comes from examining how SUBTLY Revelation chapter two does likewise. It is an entire chapter of our Lord’s words. This prophecy about Paul is admitted by Renan, a defender of Paul, but he claims Rev. 2:2 were words put in Jesus' mouth by the early church leaders who hated Paul.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Renan in his famous defense of Paul in 1875 discounted Revelation chapter two as inauthentic because it was supposedly fabricated by Apostle John and the other apostles out of jealousy against Paul. However, if we conclude Jesus really spoke it (as I contend), then the same<strong> subtle message</strong> against Paul is in Revelation chapter two just as we find in Matthew 5:19.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Renan argued:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">“The <strong><em>second and third chapters of the Apocalypse are a cry of hatred against Paul</em></strong> and his friends. This church of Ephesus, which owes so much to Paul, is praised for ‘not being able to bear with them which are evil; for having tried them, which say they are apostles and are not for having found them liars; for hating the deeds of the Nicolaitanes,... because thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumbling-block before the children of Israel,<em><strong> to eat things sacrificed unto idols</strong></em>....” (Ernest Renan, <em>Saint Paul</em> (G.W. Carleton, 1875) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=NN8TAAAAYAAJ&dq=intitle%3ASaint%20intitle%3APaul%20inauthor%3ARenan&pg=PA220#v=onepage&q&f=false">220</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Why is Revelation chapter two supposedly a hateful diatribe? Because Renan is aware that Paul teaches repeatedly that there is nothing wrong in itself eating meat sacrificed to idols. (1 Cor. 8:4-13, and 1 Cor. 10:19-29.) And the words in Jesus' mouth in Revelation chapter two condemn this figure as a false prophet and apostle exposed at Ephesus.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paulinists Know Paul Is Targeted by Matthew 5:19 and 23:23</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">For reasons similar to Renan's argument, the NT scholar E.P. Sanders in <em>Jesus and Judaism</em> (Foretress Press: 1985) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Ng9JaKKaeCIC&lpg=PA277&dq=jesus%20obey%20the%20pharisees&pg=PA277#v=onepage&q=jesus%20obey%20the%20pharisees&f=false">277</a> defends Paul by saying Matt. 5:19 which contradicts Paul cannot thus be “an authentic saying of Jesus.” Sanders likewise says the related verse of Matt. 23:23 which portrays Jesus as believing the Pharisees are “not righteous enough” and that Jesus “favors a higher righteousness according to the law” which is at total odds with Paul proves Matt. 23:23 also does not reflect “the historical Jesus.” (As discussed above, Matt. 23:23, 31 confirms Jesus teaches the Pharisees had an anti-Torah position, except tithing, that Jesus said was damning.)</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Desperation To Destroy Three Passages From Jesus</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">So the Paulinist is forced to deflect Jesus criticizes Paul -- subtly obviously -- by insisting Matthew 5:19 and 23:23 as well as all of chapter two of Revelation were fabrications. This is what Renan and Sanders collectively say is necessary to conclude so as to prevent our recognition that Jesus condemns Paul!</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">But for the one following Jesus Christ--our one and only teacher--the solution is not to dump Jesus' words in favor of Paul's. Rather, we discard Paul's contrary teachings. We need to hold onto those of our Lord Messiah.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Conclusion</span></strong></span></h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Why then did Paul end up in Scripture?</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">It is a test from God. In Deut. 13:1-5, God says He permits false prophets with signs and wonders, and prophecies that "come to pass" to potentially seduce us from the Law to see whether we Love the Lord our God with our whole heart, mind and soul. We have to look at fruit as well as consistency with Torah/the Law and the Messiah's Words. Paul fails in every respect.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Have you passed the test from God on how to weigh Paul?</span></p>
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<p><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The End</span></strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Study Notes: Dead Sea Scrolls and Josephus Say Pharisees Are Loose About The Law</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">E.P. Sanders in the quote above dismisses the authenticity of Matthew 23:23 because he 'knows' the Pharisees were legalists, not anti-legalists. However, only Paul in the NT says the Pharisees were the "strictest" sect and that Paul was fully "righteous" when he complied with Pharisee training.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">However, history has now caught up with Paul, and confirmed Jesus had the correct historical truth about the Pharisees. They were loose, not strict, about the Law. Here is the evidence:</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The Dead Sea Scrolls (250-50 B.C.) speak comparably to what Jesus said about the flaws in the Pharisees' doctrine on the Law which meant they were heading to damnation. The DSS say the Pharisees were "<strong><em>smooth interpreters</em></strong>" of the Law. Horsley says this means the Pharisees' rulings "were <strong><em>l</em></strong><strong><em>ax and liberal</em></strong>" on how to interpret the Law. He says this is ironic, because the DSS give "quite a different picture from the <em><strong>Christian traditional stereotype</strong></em> of [the Pharisees] as <strong><em>strict legalists</em></strong>." (Richard A. Horsley,<em> Hearing the Whole Story: The Politics of Plot in Mark's Gospel</em> (Westminster John Knox Press, 2001) at 153.)</span></p>
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<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Jesus's view of the Pharisees as anti-legalists is also confirmed by Josephus -- a Jewish scholar -- in his work<em> Antiquities of the Jews</em> (78 A.D.) For Josephus in 78 A.D. will explain there were two primary parties in Judaism in Jesus' day. They were the Sadducees and Pharisees. He will explain the Sadducees taught strict obedience to the Law. The Sadducees rejected the Pharisees precisely for their opposite approach on the Law of Moses. They believed the Pharisees supplanted the Law of Moses with mere traditions of the Pharisees. The Pharisees were negating the Law of Moses by their traditions.</span></p>
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<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Here is Josephus, the First Century Jewish historian, identifying what divided these two parties:</span></p>
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<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">What I would now explain is this, that the Pharisees have delivered to the people a great many observances by succession from their fathers, which are <em><strong>not written in the Law of Moses</strong></em>; and it is for this reason that the <em><strong>Sadducees reject them</strong></em>, and say we are to esteem those <em><strong>observances that are in the written word</strong></em>, but are <strong><em>not to observe what are derived from the tradition of our forefathers</em></strong>. (Josephus Flavius, <em>Antiquities of the Jews</em> 13.10.6 (13.297)(Whiston translation (1841) at 360.)</span></p>
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<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Chaplain and Bishop Jeremy Taylor (1613-1667) said this variance in doctrine between the two sects is why Jesus in Matthew 5:20 says our righteousness must exceed that of the Pharisees rather than that of the Sadducees. In this verse, "Christ does not name the Sadducees, but the Scribes and the Pharisees." Jeremy traces this back to the shallow doctrine of the Pharisees, for they (not the Sadducees) would "<em><strong>add words of their own</strong></em>" to the Law, but the Sadducees "would <strong><em>admit of no suppletory traditions</em></strong>." (Jeremy Taylor, "Sermon 1: Righteousness Evangelical," <em>Discourses on Various Subjects</em> (Boston: 1816) at III:10.)</span></p>
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<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This is why Jesus exhorted us to exceed the righteousness of the Pharisees: it was shallow. The Sadducees alone were on the right track in terms of the Law. Hence, E.P. Sanders was wrong to rely upon Paul's views of the Pharisees to reject as inauthentic Matthew 23:23. Rather, Paul turns out to have described to a crowd / Gentiles incorrectly what it meant to be a Pharisee. I don't suppose Paul was lying, but instead, he suffered from a belief that the self-righteousness of Pharisees (as Jesus depicted them) was indeed appropriate righteousness when the 'Law' was in effect.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"Least in the Kingdom" Reference to John the Baptist</span></strong></span></h2>
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<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Some argue that it is not so bad to be called "least in the kingdom of heaven" as Jesus inaccurately is translated sometimes to say about the law-loosener in Matt 5:17-19. This is because in Matt 11:11 Jesus supposedly makes the same reference to John the Baptist.</span></p>
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<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">However, Jesus does not do so. It is an English mistranslation in the King James and other English versions. And the expression is not "least in the kingdom" in Matt 5:17-19, but rather are "called least by those in the kingdom of heaven," implying the exclusion of the "least" man in Matt 5:17-19. However, in Matthew 11:11, it is clear that the one involved is actually IN the Kingdom of Heaven.</span></p>
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<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">So let's read <a href="http://bible.cc/matthew/11-11.htm">Matt 11:11</a> in the NIV form:</span></p>
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<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">I tell you the truth: Among those born of women there has not risen anyone greater than John the Baptist; yet he who is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.</span></p>
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<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The word rendered "least" in 11:11 does not mean that at all. It is a comparison term -- <em>mikroteros</em>, and means <em>less</em>. The word rendered "least" in Matt 5:19 is the superlative form, and its root form is <em>elaxistos. </em>There is thus a world of difference between <em>less</em> and <em>least</em>, but in English the same word was used in both cases where only in Matt 5:19 is it appropriate. (See this<a href="http://www.torahresource.com/EnglishArticles/Matthew%205.17-20.pdf"> link</a> at 11.) So Matthew 11:11 should be rendered:</span></p>
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<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">I tell you the truth: Among those born of women there has not risen anyone greater than John the Baptist; yet he who is<strong><em> less</em></strong> in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.</span></p>
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<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Thayer explains mikroteros — a comparative not superlative form of the word micros meaning small — means inferior in rank or influence.</span></p>
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<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, there is no parallelism in the original Greek between less in rank or influence — mikroteros — and least — elichthos in Matt 5:17-19. See <a href="https://ancientgreek.pressbooks.com/chapter/62-comparative-superlative/">Greek Comparative versus Suprlative Adjectives.</a> Any perceived parallel is solely born of English mistranstranslation in Matt 11:11, whether unintentional or not does not matter.</span></p>
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<h1><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">PowerPoint Short-Presentation Available Online</span></strong></span></h1>
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<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">**** </span><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">NEW</span> </strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">- This is presented in a 7 1/2 minute </span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpPJ5y3MZTA&feature=youtube_gdata">You Tube Video</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> narrated Power Point presentation.****</span></span></p>
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<h1><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Email Reactions to This Article</span></strong></span></h1>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">I would like to thank you for showing me something extremely important, that those who break the commandments of God, and teach others to do so, will be called least by those in the kingdom of heaven, and will not, in fact BE in the kingdom! I can't believe that I never read that verse correctly despite having read it a thousand times. It goes to show the importance of fellowship and discussion. (Sandy 9/4/2015)</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">I am particularly amazed by the second video on Paul's name meaning 'Least." I did not notice this question of the word least and the name Paul. (Ruy,author of Faithful to Jesus: Christianity and the Truth About The Apostle Paul <em style="color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6364px; line-height: 20px;"></em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> (2012) -- available through his website at this </span><a href="http://www.faithfultojesus.com/index.html" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;">link.</a>(July 31, 2011)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Excellent article--very convincing. Thank you Doug! (Mike B, Esq., Jan. 19, 2011)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Yes, I had known for a long time that Paul's name meant the least, but never made the connection to Matthew 5:19. Thanks for this insight! Keep 'em coming! Shalom Ed. (Jan. 15, 2011.)</span></p>
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<div><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>J. Jan. 10, 2011's Lengthy Letter</strong>:</span></div>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Wow, this is impressive! I knew that “Paul” meant “small” but somehow the connection between “small” and “least” just never registered until I saw the word jump out at me in your message below. It’s like it’s one of those things that is hidden in plain view. Amazing.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">When I consider 1 Cor. 15:9 after reading your comments, it really shows just how extremely clever and crafty he was (trying to diffuse the meaning of his name ahead of time). I also found your comments on the word itself (“least”) very interesting, because while I have considered that those who do not keep Torah are lost, the “least” statement puzzled me as to why it seemed to soften the blow. It makes perfect sense that it would be those IN the Kingdom who would be calling those lawbreakers “least.” This is another one of those things hidden in plain sight. Wow. You really nailed it.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">You also answered my question about his name in your final paragraph (thank you!) as to whether or not the name “Paul” was really eligible to be considered as descriptive of him since we also know his name was Sha’ul. I did not know that Paul was anything more than just a nickname. That is pretty much the last nail in the coffin on this topic for me.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Good job, and thank you SO much for keeping me on your mailing list. I can almost see your excitement in sending this out after burning midnight oil! Shalom.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This is a Brilliant article that the Holy Spirit has revealed to you in these last days...Thanks for keeping an open ear and heart to the Holy Spirit for Him to speak these truths to you and then share them with the world. I pray that you will continue to receive more revelation as you Meditate on God's Word.Your work is so Good and has greatly Blessed my life...Thank you for taking the time to continue this Great work of freeing the Church from all the Lies and deceptions she has believed all these years. I am sharing everything I learn from you with others...(Gary Jan. 10, 2011.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Pleasure to hear from you. This is stunning news. What have I been telling you? It's VERY serious. He's the Spouter of Lying!... You know his antinomianism. Jesus has at least FIVE references to him in the negative: "ravening wolf", "least in the kingdom", "some there [including false apostle to Ephesus] who hold the teaching of Balaam" (Rev. 2:2 and 14), etc. (Robert W. Jan. 10, 2011). </span></p>
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<div><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/all_comments?v=MpPJ5y3MZTA">Comment at YouTube January 2012</a></span></div>
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<p class="metadata" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 11px; color: #999999; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/sheepfollowingyashua" class="yt-uix-sessionlink yt-user-name " dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer; color: #438bc5;" data-sessionlink="ei=zR5hUf_KF8TkyAHjsoDgCg">sheepfollowingyashua</a> </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/comment?lc=8Po3LTQFEN04Pj2dt-cnBdInwjQQDl17_-FEkZBQOx0" dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer; color: #438bc5;">4 months ago</a></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 6px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Wow!!! Thank you for the WEALTH of excellent articles on your website. You have put in so much time and effort to make these available for everyone to read. There's SO much clarification in them and it's very helpful as I'm trying to clear my thinking of all the Pauline cobwebs. And many there are.. Thank you! Thank you! Thank you! May God richly bless you for sharing all that you have learned. I too desire to be a faithful servant.</span></p>
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<div><hr /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">As always, I find Doug's research and article thought provoking. I would like to point out too that even the name /character "Saul" is associated with "least." Check out 1 Samuel 9:21 and 1 Samuel 15:17. And interestingly enough King Saul losses his "Kingdom" because he didn't follow God's word. Perhaps another parallel? On a final note however, I can't say that I am convinced that all Paul believing/following Christians are lost. But thanks for the work Doug!!! (George Jan. 16, 2011)</span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>My Reply</strong>. I do not believe "all Paul believing / following Christians are lost." I went back and revised the article to make that clear. I only believe what Jesus says. That those following the Pharisees loosened-law principles will not enter the kingdom if they do not do better than those law-looseners. (Matt. 5:20.) It is very much up to whether they "do the will of God" or not. That goes for all of us, as much as for them. But because of Paul as their teacher, they have little chance to do so until they overcome the obstacle Paul represents to hearing and obeying the Law. Remember as to Gentiles, the scope of the Law is limited to commands that sojourners/foreigners followed, principally the Ten Commandments and most of Leviticus 17-22. Only Israelites had to be circumcised under the Law; Gentiles were exempt unless they wish to celebrate passover or enter the Temple at Jerusalem. See my discussion at this <a href="/recommendedreading/98-law-applicable-today.html">link</a>. (Jan. 17, 2011.)</span></div>
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<div><hr /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">You Tube Comment by Joe John</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Joe John</span><br /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Fantastic video. I also believe that Yehushua warned of Paul's doctrine.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Mat 7:21 </span><br /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Which is the antitheses of the doctrine that Paul taught.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Rom 10:9</span><br /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Keep up the good work! Check out my video when you get a chance.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Study Aids</span></strong></span></h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="http://www.preceptaustin.org/matthew_519-20.htm">Precept Austin</a> - details all commentary links to 5:19-20</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Weiss mentions regarding Matthew 5:17-19: "the remark about him being least in the kingdom of God is explained as being<em><strong> a Jewish-Christian polemic</strong></em> against the Apostle Paul." (Bernhard Weiss, <em>The Life of Christ</em> (Edinburgh, 1888) Vol. II at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pfpJAAAAMAAJ&dq=weiss%20paul%20least%20in%20kingdom&pg=PA147#v=onepage&q=least&f=false"> 147</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">**** <strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">NEW</span> </strong>- This is now presented in a <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpPJ5y3MZTA&feature=youtube_gdata">You Tube Video</a> narrated Power Point presentation.****</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>Notes on Grammar</strong>.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">How do such differing dimunitives get contracted to the same contracted name of Paulus? It is simple. As mentioned before, Latin writers frequently abbreviated such a long word by simply removing all the middle letters, and keeping just the beginning and ending. As explained in Donaldson's Varrionianus: "But the hasty pronunciation of the Romans, so far as it was exhibited in the written forms of the language, appears chiefly in the omission of syllables in the middle of words...." (John William Donaldson, <strong>Varrionianus: A Critical and Historical Introduction to the Ethnography etc.</strong> (1852) at page <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jwhCAAAAIAAJ&dq=Pauxillus%20paul&pg=PA435#v=onepage&q=Pauxillus%20paul&f=false" style="color: #517291;">435.</a>) </span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In this way, Paulus is an abbreviation that expands into either Pauxillus or Pauxillulus. Augustine says Paul gave us a reference point in 1 Cor. 15:9 that we know it was the latter - Pauxillulus by Paul playing on the meaning of his Latin name.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">So what is the background on the meaning of Pauxillulus?</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus "extreme dimunitive" or superlative minimization of the word 'small' or 'little" in Latin is Pauxillulus, which predictably then means "least." </span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The fact paulus is a contracted form of both pauxillus and pauxillulus appears to be stated in Heinrich Keil in <strong>Grammatici latini ex recensione</strong> (ed. Heinrich Keil & Herman Hagan) (1855) at page <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VGZfAAAAMAAJ&dq=Pauxillulus&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q=Pauxillulus&f=false" style="color: #517291;">109</a> where he says in Latin: "facit igitur 'paulus,' 'paululus,' <strong>ex hoc</strong> 'pauxillus,' 'pauxillulus'...." This translates roughly as "'paulus, paululus' derives from 'pauxillus, pauxillulus...." This makes sense because if you contract pauxillulus to its simplest contraction it would be paulus. This is confirmed by Augustine's spoken use of Latin allowing him to recognize Paulus meant 'least' in Latin -- pauxillulus.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In Karl Gottlob Zumpt, <strong>A Grammar of the Latin Language</strong> (Longman Brown and Green, 1845) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RmgPAAAAYAAJ&dq=Pauxillulus&pg=PA219#v=onepage&q=Pauxillulus&f=false" style="color: #517291;">219</a>, he similarly explains pauxillulus is a "Double diminutive[] ... formed from paucus...." </span></p>
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