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<td valign="top" >"In Acts...Paul is <em><strong>denied the title of Apostle</strong></em>." (Hengel & Schwemer, <em>Paul between Damascus and Antioch</em> (John Knox Press, 1997) at 321.)</td>
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<h3>Recommendations</h3>
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<p><a href="/recommendedreading/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
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<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
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<h1><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>Paul in Romans 7 Claims The God of Sinai Is Dead</strong></span></h1>
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<p> </p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Introduction</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p> </p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">At a sermon that I attended on April 30, 2016, the pastor at a prominent and large evangelical church said "<strong>Yahweh was the God of the Old Testament.</strong>" This was in stark contrast to what was on the song-lyric monitor seconds earlier which read "Jesus Christ our God." (This was from Hillsong's "<a href="http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/hillsongworship/noothername.html">No Other Name</a>.") </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Do we treat Yahweh as a former God, and now we have a different God whose name is above the God of the Original Covenant at Sinai? Where does this come from?</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">On July 2, 2016, I read another similar view in an article claiming that the "Patmos" Jesus in the book of Revelation is a throwback to "the Old Testament God." The author complains that the "Patmos Jesus" teaches salvation critically depends upon Christians' works in <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3%3A7-14%3B+20%3A12-13&version=YLT">Revelation 3:7-14, and 20:12-13</a>. The author contends that this reflects the "Old Testament God," not the New Testament God. This article from Christian Community.org is entitled <a href="http://www.christian-community.org/library/revelheresy.html">WHY THE BOOK OF REVELATION IS HERESY</a>. It shockingly claims that "John's Patmos Jesus is <strong>that of the Old Testament God</strong>, holding grudges, ruling with an 'iron rod,' judging our works, and viciously punishing," and "He is <strong>not the loving Abba Father of Apostle John's Jesus</strong>."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">This is obviously a Pauline Christian. He has no problem believing in TWO GODS. One New Testament, and One "Old" Testament. Where does this duality to God as two distinct beings come from, with one superseding the other? What impels any of us to think likewise -- typically subconsciously? As we shall extensively demonstrate below, it comes from Romans 7:1-7. It teaches that </span></p>
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<div style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">1. <span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">When Jesus died on the cross, this represented the death of the husband of the people of Israel -- Yahweh. </span></span></div>
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<div> </div>
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<div style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;"><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">2. This death dissolved the bond of Yahweh's wife, the people of Israel, to the Law which Yahweh gave Moses.</span></span></span></div>
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<div> </div>
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<div style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;"><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;"> 3. <span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">When Jesus resurrected, God's people were free now to marry another husband -- Jesus; and</span></span></span></span></div>
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<div> </div>
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<div style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;"><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;"><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">4. <span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">The Law given Moses remains dead because the original husband who gave the Law to Moses remains dead. We now serve a Living God who must necessarily be someone other than Yahweh or the link to the Law would be revived.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<p> </p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">This will be extensively reviewed below.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Preliminarily, we elsewhere explain that Paul's writings reflect the very same duality of TWO GODS -- not two persons in one God, but two Gods, based upon his reading of Psalm 102 in its mistranslated Septuagint version of 257 BC. This mistranslation is directly reflected in Col. 1:15-17. If you are interested in that in depth discussion, see our discussion of the <a href="/recommendedreading/745-duality-of-god-the-son-and-father-in-paul.html">Duality of God the Son and Father in Paul's Writings</a>. </span></p>
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<p> <span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #001320; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; background-color: #fdfeff;"></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">No Better Berean Test for Paul Than Romans 7:1-7</span></strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Are you prepared and willing to do a Berean like testing of Paul? There is no easier passage to analyze<img src="/images/stories/JWOBook/epistle to the romans.jpg" alt="epistle to the romans" width="200" height="195" style="float: right;" /> than Romans 7 to prove Paul was an extreme apostate -- claiming the eternal God Yahweh who revealed Himself at Sinai died at the cross and never revived -- because Paul clearly depicts Him as a dead husband replaced by Jesus' after the resurrection.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Simply put, in <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+7%3A1-7&version=ESV">Romans 7:1-7</a>, Paul explains the Law of Moses is dissolved because it only had dominion over us while the husband who gave it lives, but now that He died, we are loosed from the husband-God who gave the Law. We are now free from the Law accomplished by Christ's death. After Christ died and rose from the dead, we are free to marry "another" -- <strong>another husband</strong> who has no Law of Moses extended to us any longer. Paul elsewhere speaks of Jesus as the husband of the church. Then when read with Romans 7, this means that we do not commit adultery marrying Jesus only because the old husband who gave the Law is dead. The advantage of our new husband is that He no longer has any Law to follow. So Paul says.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Shocking, isn't it?</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The only thing I added to Paul's words that turn them into this shocking claim is to<strong><em> make clear that the one who died is the husband-God who gave the Law</em></strong>. It is this element that is clearly implied, and once acknowledged (as do some Paulinists), the next frightening conclusion is inescapable: <strong><em>the God of Sinai died at the Cross</em></strong>. Then when Jesus resurrected, this did not resurrect the God of Sinai because otherwise the Law would be revived. We would still have to obey it. The next shocking element is Paul means that Jesus represents a new husband to replace the dead God of Sinai. As Paul says elsewhere: ""I have espoused you to one husband," Paul tells the Corinthians metaphorically, "that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ" (<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20cor.%2011:2&version=KJV">2 Cor. 11:2</a>).</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">As you will see, Christian scholars who have studied this passage have recognized the problem and acknowledged to their own dismay: "Dodd is scathing, holding that Paul's illustration is 'confused at the outset,' and in the end "we should ignore what he is actually saying." (Leon Morris, </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span data-mce-mark="1"><em style="color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; text-decoration: underline;">The Epistle to the Romans</em></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> (1988) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=r1w8EyL9qFIC&lpg=PA270" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">270</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Or they embrace it, agreeing with parts of the meaning that make Paul an apostate for such a claim. <strong><em>One even agrees 100% with the above as the most straightforward reading of Paul's words</em></strong>. You will also see below that some<strong><em> extreme Paulinists admit Paul's meaning and relish its complete elimination of the Law, and our freedom to marry Jesus as a replacement for the God of Sinai.</em></strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Now let's prove all this which in turn proves Paul to be <em><strong>the most extreme apostate voice</strong></em> in ancient literature. </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px 30px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%209:15-17&version=KJV" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;"></a></span></p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></strong></p>
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<p><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: x-large;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Berean Testing of Romans 7:1-7</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">If we are being good Bereans, we cannot help but be troubled by this passage of Romans 7:1-7 <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>most of all in all the writings of Paul</strong></span>. There is a lot of material below only because of the seriousness of the issue presented. We will hear every side of interpretation below so that the final verdict is only after the most thoughtful and careful deliberation. So let's begin a serious study of Romans 7:1-6.</span></p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Romans 7: The Verbatim Words Of Paul Condemn Him</span></strong></span></h2>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Let's start by reading Romans 7 in pertinent part:<img src="/images/stories/JWOBook/paul.gif" alt="paul" width="300" height="300" style="float: right;" /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">1 Know ye not, brethren, (for I speak to <strong><em>them that know the law</em></strong>,) how that the <em><strong>law hath dominion over a man (anthropos) as long as he liveth</strong></em>?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">2 For the woman which hath an husband is <em><strong>bound by the law to her husband so long as he liveth</strong></em>; but<em><strong> if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her husband</strong></em>.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">3 So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but <em><strong>if her husband be dead</strong></em>, she is <em><strong>free from that law</strong></em>; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">4 Wherefore, my brethren, <em><strong>ye also are become dead to the law by the body of Christ; that ye should be married to another, even to him who is raised from the dead</strong></em>, that we should bring forth fruit unto God.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">5 For when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were by the law, did work in our members to bring forth fruit unto death.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">6 But now <em><strong>we are delivered from the law</strong></em>, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and <em><strong>not in the oldness of the letter</strong></em>. (KJV)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">A straightforward reading formerly predominated until modern commentators realized what terrible implications this passage contains -- the death of the God of Sinai <em>permanently</em> at the Cross. For example, John Locke in his <em>Commentary on Romans</em> published in 1823 saw plainly Paul's point of Romans 7:1-6:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">In the six first verses of this chapter, he shows the <strong><em>Jews that they were at liberty from the law</em></strong>, and might put themselves solely under the terms of the Gospel. In the following part of this chapter, he shows them that it is necessary for them so to do; since the law was not able to deliver them from the power sin had to destroy them, but subjected them to it. (<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>Works of John Locke</em></span> (1823) Vol. 8 at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J6dYAAAAMAAJ&dq=john%20locke%20apostle%20paul%20difficult%20to%20understand&pg=PA316#v=onepage&q&f=false">316</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">And Locke saw plainly it must be they were "freed from it <strong><em>by the death of Christ</em></strong>, who was the end of the law for the attaining of righteousness...." (<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>Works of John Locke </em></span>(1823) Vol. 8 at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J6dYAAAAMAAJ&dq=john%20locke%20apostle%20paul%20difficult%20to%20understand&pg=PA314#v=onepage&q&f=false">314</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Yet, we shall see this straightforward reading leaves implicit that<strong><em> Jesus's death represented the death of the husband -- the God of Sinai </em></strong>-- of the people of Israel, if one tracks carefully Paul's argument.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Then when Jesus resurrected, Paul even implies that Jesus could no longer have represented that God of Sinai. For if Jesus still did so, this would have<strong><em> revived the bond to the Law</em></strong> of the husband (<em>i.e., </em>the God of Sinai). This means <strong><em>the God of Sinai must have remained dead when Jesus resurrected in Paul's analogy</em></strong>. In Paul's conception, Jesus must now represent a new and different husband-God -- a troublesome implication to say the least. As Paul says elsewhere: "I have espoused you to one husband... Christ" (<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20cor.%2011:2&version=KJV">2 Cor. 11:2</a>)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This means Paul taught the God of Sinai died at the cross, and never revived. This is because "common sense should rule that, as 'Bride of our new Husband,' we are back at our legal obligations to Him" if the God-of-Sinai resurrected in Jesus and lives again. ("<a href="http://www.revelations.org.za/Passion.htm">Apostle Paul, Man of Like Passions</a>" at revelations.org.za.) That is, if the prior husband of Sinai revived, the Law would still be valid, but Paul says instead the Law is now dead to us, which means Paul teaches the God of Sinai remains dead.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The Three Questions To Address</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">We will first address in this article whether Paul intended us to understand that the Law that is extinguished was the Law given Moses.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Then second we will ask whether Paul thus meant by the "death of the husband" which dissolved the Law given Moses was the<strong><em> death of the God of Sinai</em></strong> (symbolized by Christ) -- the God who gave that same Law.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">We will conclude Paul did mean to refer to the Law given Moses, and did mean the husband who dies was the God who gave the Law and His death was effectuated by the death of Christ.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This will raise the third and final question whether Paul believed the God of Sinai is <strong><em>still dead</em></strong> after the resurrection of Jesus whom Paul says is our new husband.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">We will conclude Paul believed this was true because if it were otherwise, then the first husband (the God of Sinai) still lives in the resurrected Christ and the Law from the first husband would not be dissolved as Paul contends. For Paul insists in verse 4 that the Law is dead to us when we marry the resurrected Christ, dictating that the old husband (the God of Sinai) <strong><em>remains dead in the NT era</em></strong> in Paul's teaching here.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">In conclusion, if we are correctly analyzing these questions, we propose that Paul's ideas in Romans 7:1-6 lead directly to Marcion's view in 144 A.D. that Paulinism teaches there is a good God of the NT but the God of the OT is a different and <strong><em>now defunct God reigning in Sheol -- the land of the dead-- over Jews alone</em></strong>. See our webpage on <a href="/recommendedreading.html">Marcionism</a>. Marcion taught Paul was the only apostle to follow, and he first resolved this dualism of Paul by saying these are the two Gods -- one the husband of the Israelites from Sinai, and the creator of the Universe, who now reigns over their dead in Sheol (i.e., the land of the dead) and the second God is the Father of Jesus -- a supposedly new good God.<strong> <span style="color: #000000;">Id</span>.</strong></span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;">Of course, many modern Paulinists have retreated from Marcion, and from Paul's meaning in this passage -- claiming the "husband" and "man who lives" which died is somehow simply the Law, not the God of the OT. However, we cannot pick solutions which are only meritorious solely because they </span><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;"><em>avoid embarassment</em></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;"> and ignore that </span><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;"><em>Paul uttered gross heresy</em></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent;">.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Good Bereans must remain objective. Thus, we are supposed to try to understand what Paul <em>really</em> meant. For indeed, part of the Berean-like testing of Paul -- which is obedient to God (see Acts 17:11) -- must be to see whether Paul's views are at all <strong><em>compatible</em></strong> with Original Testament Scripture and the words of Christ.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">It is our conclusion that Romans 7:1-6 correctly understood involves<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong> the grossest heresy from the Christian faith ever uttered by anyone except Marcion</strong></span> who had the same opinion. No wonder Marcion believed Paul was the sole apostle of the God of the NT era.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>Paulinists Even Embrace The Incongruity and Say We Have a New Version of God</strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Before we answer these questions, let's point out up front that Paulinists actually realize now what Paul meant, and defend this -- that the God of Sinai died on the cross. ("<a href="http://www.ndtime.net/remarriage_second_romans_chapter7_md.htm">Romans 7 in More Detail</a>") <em>Compare: </em> "<strong>God <em>died</em></strong> for all men...." (<a href="http://www.middletownbiblechurch.org/romans/romans3.htm">Middletown Church</a>.) "<em><strong>God died</strong></em> for his creation." (<a href="http://www.raptureready.com/featured/graham/g120.html">Ron Graham</a>.) "But <em><strong>God died</strong></em> for His enemies." (<a href="http://www.lakeworthbaptist.org/PastorSermons/CrossExaminationSeries/WHATTHECROSSMEANTTOSINNERS.aspx">Lakeworth Baptist</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">They only hesitate about saying there are two Gods; they say rather that Jesus became a NEW version of the God of Sinai who died at the cross. That is not much better, but they believe this avoids polytheism.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">In "<a href="http://www.ndtime.net/remarriage_second_romans_chapter7_md.htm">Romans 7 in More Detail</a>", the Paulinist realizes Paul's words point to polytheism as one possible meaning, but then says we all know God "is not two people." In other words, this Paulinist realizes Paul's words necessarily mean the God of Sinai <strong>should remain dead to explain why the Law remains dead to us after Jesus's resurrection</strong>. Then Jesus must represent a NEW GOD to explain why the Law remains dead yet God lives again. Hence, to truly understand Paul, the Paulinist should concede there must be two Gods -- one old and one new. However, to avoid this polytheistic dilemma, this Paulinist of today answers "<strong><em>not all of this may line up as perfectly as we would like</em></strong>, but the main thing is that Israel needed a new covenant where she would be free from the law and able to enjoy God's grace."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">So who do we remarry who has no Law any more? Another God? The Paulinist there abridges his full willingness to follow Paul's words to their logical conclusion. The Paulinist insists Jesus in resurrection still somehow represents the God of the OT who died <strong><em>but</em></strong> simultaneously is a NEW GOD: </span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"Though she [<em>i.e., </em>the wife/people of God] may <em><strong>in reality be joined to the same husband</strong></em> [<em>i.e.</em>, the God of Sinai] yet in a way <strong><em>he is new</em></strong> because he <em><strong>died</strong></em> and ordinarily when that happens if you want to get remarried you will need to find<strong><em> another husband</em></strong>." <em>Id. </em></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, the Paulinist admits that if God died, the analogy of Paul requires God's people find a "<strong><em>new...another husband</em></strong>." The Paulinist simply avoids uttering the words "a new God," but it is the only deduction that fits. It alone explains <strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">Paul's true point of why the Law given by the God of Sinai does not continue when Jesus resurrected</span></strong>. This also fits Paul's view stated elsewhere that we marry Jesus as our new husband.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">We thus see that even a Paulinist cannot wrap his mind around the full heresy involved in Paul's lesson in Romans 7:1-7. But what the Paulinist says is indeed Paul's heresy -- we find a NEW GOD upon Christ's resurrection. The Paulinist in that article "<a href="http://www.ndtime.net/remarriage_second_romans_chapter7_md.htm">Romans 7 in more Detail</a>" pretends this is the same as the God of Sinai who Paul said died. But if we follow Paul's logic, that conclusion is untenable. Paul clearly did not accept Christ represented the God of Sinai in Jesus' resurrection. Otherwise, <em><strong>the whole point of the passage is lost</strong></em>. Jesus would then have revived the Law by resurrecting. However, we see <strong><em>how close the Paulinist is to the doorstep of uttering what Paul truly said</em></strong> -- once the God of Sinai died at the cross, the resurrected Jesus represents a "new" God, and we could marry Him -- "another husband," abandoning the old God and His Law to the grave.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This is the terrible consequence of following Paul -- you are heading into a gross heresy to justify what God said is the mark of a false prophet -- one who "<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>seduces you from following the Law</strong></span>." (Deut. 13:1-5). And as Isaiah says, one who speaks at odds with the Testimony (the 10 Commandments) "has no light at all." (Isaiah 8:20.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Next, let us point by point study this passage with greatest care. Whether we as Christians should follow Paul can rest upon simply knowing what this passage says. For the one following Christ, this passage can be a turning point to teach us Paul cannot conceivably be speaking for God Almighty!</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The Law is Abrogated: Which Law Is This? Whose Death Brought About Its Abrogation?</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Some anxious to deflect the meaning of this passage insist Paul is talking about "law" in general and not the Mosaic Law.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">However, Paul in this passage of Romans specifically addresses Jews about the Mosaic Law: "for <strong><em>I speak to them</em></strong> that know the law" (Romans 7:1.) The Greek word <em>nomos</em> translated as <em>law</em> can mean a <em>law</em> generically, but also it is the only term used to refer to the<em> Law given Moses</em> throughout the NT. Which is it here? This is important to determine because it impacts who Paul says is the husband whose death abrogates the "law of her husband" in Romans 7:2-3.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul in chapters 1 through 6 of Romans has been referring to the Law given Moses as <em>nomos</em>. There is hardly any reason to think Paul stopped making that reference to the Mosaic Law in Chapter 7. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_von_Tischendorf">Tischendorf</a> -- a faithful German scholar from the 1800s (<a href="http://www.bible-researcher.com/codex-aleph.html">discoverer of the Sinaiticus manuscript</a>, the<img src="/images/stories/JWOBook/tischendorf2.jpg" alt="tischendorf2" width="190" height="247" style="float: right;" /> oldest copy of NT) -- agrees. Tischendorf says of Romans 7:1-6 that Paul refers to "the law in the sense it has been used all along, <strong><em>the Mosaic law</em></strong>." (<em>Notes on Tischendorf's text of Paul's Epistle to the Romans</em> (Ed. Jammes Robinson Boise) (1883) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2PpJAAAAMAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA57">57</a>.) </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Henry Ripley likewise notes of Romans 7:1-6: "When we consider the apostle's habits of thought in regard to the Law, and those of the majority, at least of his earliest readers, it is most reasonable to think he <strong><em>had in mind the Mosaic code</em></strong>." (<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>The Epistle ... to the Romans; with notes by H.J. Ripley</em> </span>(edited by Henry Jones Ripley) (1857) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kqkCAAAAQAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA72">72</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Similarly, the famous commentator Matthew Henry realizes Romans 7:1-6 is a message to teach us against following any longer the Law given Moses. Henry says Paul uses an illustration of the law of the husband to teach we are "not under a covenant of works-under the gospel of Christ, and <strong><em>not under the law of Moses</em></strong>." (Henry's commentary at <a href="http://biblebrowser.com/romans/7-4.htm">Bibble-Browser Romans 7:4</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">And in verse 1, Paul makes an obvious reference to Jewish Christians at Rome who "know the Law" which makes the reference to the Mosaic Law even more obvious. As John Locke says in his commentary:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">That his discourse here, is addressed to those converts of this church, <em><strong>who were of the Jewish nation</strong></em>, is so evident, from the whole tenour of this chapter, that there needs no more but to read it with a little attention, to be convinced of it, especially ver. 1, 4, 6. (<em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Works of John Locke</span> </em>(1823) Vol. 8 at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J6dYAAAAMAAJ&dq=john%20locke%20apostle%20paul%20difficult%20to%20understand&pg=PA310#v=onepage&q&f=false">310</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">One of the additional reasons to think Paul is talking about the Law given Moses in Romans 7 is that Paul makes a snipe about the Law in Romans 7:5 in the same way he elsewhere sniped clearly about the Law given Moses. In Romans 7:5 Paul refers to the "sinful passions <strong><em>through</em></strong> the Law" very much like Paul said elsewhere in 1 Cor. 15:56 that the Law given Moses made sin to be wrought in our members. Tischendorf comments on Romans 7:5 that Paul in that verse means "the sinful passions...[are] coming into active exercise <strong><em>through</em></strong> the law" just as Paul said in 1 Cor. 15:56 about the Mosaic Law. (Tischendorf, <em>supra</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2PpJAAAAMAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA57">57</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, there is little doubt Paul is intending to speak of the Mosaic Law in Romans 7:1-6 because Paul spoke the same way about the Mosaic law in the first letter to the Corinthians.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Someone's Death Abrogates The Law</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Then in Romans 7:1-6, Paul says that the link between "those who know the Law" (v. 1) -- Jews -- and the Law (given Moses) was done away with by the death of the "husband." Paul says of a wife that "if the husband be dead, she is <strong><em>loosed</em></strong> from the law of her husband." (Romans 7:2.) "As long as the man (<strong><em>anthropos</em></strong>) lives" (v.1), <em>i.e.</em>, the <strong><em>husband</em></strong> lives, the law formed by their marriage binds the two. But the "law of her husband" is thus "loosed" or "abrogated" by the death of the husband.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul's Greek in verse 2 meant the Law has been "rendered null and void" by the death of the husband in the marriage covenant that established the Law. (<em>See </em>Leon Morris, <em>The Epistle to the Romans</em> (1988) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=r1w8EyL9qFIC&lpg=PA270">270</a>.) Paul means "you are released from the Law as to its demands and penalties...." (<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>The Epistle ... to the Romans; with notes</em> by H.J. Ripley<em> </em></span>(edited by Henry Jones Ripley) (1857) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kqkCAAAAQAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA73">73</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul says this particular husband's death killed off the Law between the parties. It is clear in Paul's illustration that the one who dies is the "anthropos" (man) -- the "husband." </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">First, Paul says the Law binds the husband and wife as long as the "anthropos (man) lives." Finally, in Romans 7:3 Paul specifies who died in the relationship: "<strong><em>if her husband be dead</em></strong>, she is <em><strong>free from that law</strong></em>;...." Paul is not talking about the wife dying in order to make his point. Paul is only talking about the <strong><em>husband / the anthropos (man) </em></strong>having died whose death then effectuates dissolution of the Law.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Henry explains that by the death of the husband in Paul's lesson, this frees us from the Law, making the Law dead to us (as this husband's death brought about). As a consequence, we are "free from" our "master" -- the husband who died. Henry explains:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Our <strong><em>second marriage is to Christ</em></strong>: and how comes this about?.... <em style="font-weight: bold;">We are dead to the law ...</em>[and]<em style="font-weight: bold;"> </em><strong>have<strong><em> no more to do with it than the dead servant, that is free from his master</em></strong></strong>, hath to do with his master's yoke.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Locke concurs that it was the <em><strong>death of the husband </strong></em>that Paul envisions as what supposedly frees us from the Law, not the death of the woman (or the death of the Law):</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>" </em>ye have been made <em><strong>dead to the law</strong></em>," the phrase here used to express that freedom, seems to <strong><em>refer rather to the 1st verse</em></strong>, where he says, "the law hath dominion over a man <strong><em>as long as he liveth</em></strong>," implying, and no longer, rather than to the two intervening verses, where he says, "<em><strong>not the death of the woman</strong></em>, but the <em><strong>death of the husband</strong></em>, sets the woman free," of which more by and by. (John Locke, <em>Works of John Lock</em> (1823) Vol. 8 at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J6dYAAAAMAAJ&dq=john%20locke%20apostle%20paul%20difficult%20to%20understand&pg=PA311#v=onepage&q&f=false"> 311</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This is why Henry can bluntly say Paul insists we are "<strong><em>free from [our] maste</em></strong><strong><em>r</em></strong>." While Henry does not want to say it, and tries to senselessly claim the Law is the "man" and "husband" of which Paul speaks, Paul is talking truly about being<strong><em> free from the God of the Original Testament by the death of Christ</em></strong> (not the Law), as we shall next demonstrate.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Whose Death Is The Death of The Husband That Abrogates The Law Given Moses?</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">By someone's death -- Paul just referred to Jesus' resurrection from the "dead" -- Paul then teaches the Jews ("those who know the Law") "have died to that which we were firmly held" (v. 4) <em>i.e</em>., the husband's death dissolved their bonds to the Law. (Tischendorf's translation at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2PpJAAAAMAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA59">59.</a>) The Law is no longer binding on Jews because someone -- the husband -- in the marriage relationship that established the Law has died.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Who then is the <strong><em>husband</em></strong> whose death in the marriage relationship supposedly caused the abrogation of the Law given Moses? Was it the death of the God of Sinai (represented by Christ)? Or was it, as some claim, the Law's death itself which caused its simultaneous dissolution?</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The answer is Paul meant the death of the God of Sinai -- represented by Christ's death -- caused the cessation of the Law. It would be a<strong><em> nonsensical tautology to say the Law's death also was the cause of its own cessation</em></strong>. Why bother with the husband-wife analogy at all if one is simply affirming the Law is dead? Rather, someone in a relationship died, and <strong><em>only the God of Sinai fits</em></strong> the identity of the party at Sinai who was the "husband" and whose death would signify the end of the marriage bonds to Israel.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">However, Paul was reluctant to say this directly. Yet, Paul clearly leaves it to be understood. John Locke in his commentary on Romans 7 saw it plainly. "This the apostle calls here serving in the oldness of the letter, and this he tells them they should now leave,<strong><em> as being freed from it by the death of Christ</em></strong>, who was the end of the law for the attaining of righteousness...." (<em>Works of John Locke</em> (1823) Vol. 8 at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J6dYAAAAMAAJ&dq=john%20locke%20apostle%20paul%20difficult%20to%20understand&pg=PA314#v=onepage&q&f=false">314</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">As Pelagius (354-420 A.D.), a faith-alone advocate of Paul, comments on Romans 7, Paul here was "<strong><em>r</em></strong><strong><em>eluctant to tell them</em></strong>, according to the analogy," who or what had died, "but what <strong><em>he dared not say among the Jews he leaves to be understood</em></strong><strong><em>.</em></strong>" (Pelagius's <em>Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans </em>(Ed./Trans. Theodore de Bruyn)(Clarendon, 1993) at 101.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, Paul meant that Christ's death is the end of the Law between a husband and wife, as Jesus represents the God-of-Sinai -- the husband in the original covenant at Sinai: "For Christ is the <strong>end</strong> of<strong> the law</strong>, that every one who has faith may be justified." (Romans 10:4.)</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul Must Mean The God of Sinai Is The Husband Who Died, Dissolving the Law</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Chrysostum in the late 300s likewise recognized Paul meant Jesus' death embodied the husband who dies in Paul's illustration. Chyrsostum said Paul means that "it was through<em><strong> the Lord's death</strong></em>" that the "power of the Law over us was removed." (Saint John Chrysostom, J. B. Morris, <em>The homilies of S. John Chrysostom, on the Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle</em> (1841) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Q6oMAAAAIAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA189">189</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Similarly, Henry <a href="http://famousamericans.net/henrymandeville/">Mandeville</a>, a well-regarded Dutch Reformed pastor of the 1830-1840s, correctly says that Jesus's death symbolized the death of the husband -- obviously the God of Sinai. Jesus' death thus freed God's people -- the wife of Yahweh, Paul means, from the Law given Moses. Mandeville sees Paul means that upon Christ's death on the cross God's people are now free to marry "another" husband. In other words, Paul means that Jesus' death supposedly freed God's people from the Law given Moses because Jesus' death represented the death of the husband who instituted the Law given Moses, <em>i.e.</em>, obviously the God of Sinai. Mandeville writes:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"But when the <strong><em>body (</em></strong><em><strong>soma</strong></em><strong><em>) died on the cross in the body (</em></strong><em><strong>soma</strong></em><strong><em>) of Christ</em></strong>, the believer <strong><em>like the wife</em></strong> in the illustration <em><strong>became free from the Law</strong></em> which bound [her] to obey...." (Henry Mandeville, <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>An essay on the interpretation of Romans</em>, Chap. VII. 14-25</span> (1837) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BXAYAAAAYAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA162#v=onepage&q&f=false">162</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Mandeville sidesteps explicitly expressing the implication that the God of Sinai died on the cross in Jesus' body (being as oblique as Paul is oblique). However, Mandeville continues with words which reconfirm that it is Jesus' death, <strong><em>not the Law's death</em></strong>, which Paul intends us to understand represents the<strong><em> death of the husband</em></strong> in his illustration:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"As the wife is released from the Law which bound her to obey her husband, by means of<em> </em><strong><em>his death [NOTE: not by her death or the law's death]</em></strong>, so is the believer released by the <strong><em>death of his</em></strong> [<em>i.e.</em>, Christ's] <strong><em>body</em></strong> (<strong><em>soma</em></strong>) -<strong><em> the husband of his spirit</em></strong> (<em>pneuma</em>) from the necessity of obeying its dictates." (<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Id<em>.</em></span>)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, Mandeville correctly understands that Paul means that Jesus represents the husband in the covenant relationship that established the Law given Moses. Hence, Paul must mean that Jesus's death represents the death of the husband who originally was married to God's people at Sinai, <em>i.e.</em>, the God of Sinai.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Who Is The Wife In Paul's Illustration?</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Who then are God's people in Paul's illustration who represent the wife of God? Paul says he is "speaking" here to "those who know the Law" (v. 1.) And the law which was abolished by the death of this husband was obviously the Law given Moses by the <strong><em>God of Sinai</em></strong>. Mandeville concludes on that issue: "we cannot agree with those who reject the notion that the apostle specifically had his eye on the Jewish Law." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BXAYAAAAYAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA161">161</a>. Hence,<em><strong> the wife of God are the Israelites / Jews</strong></em>, as God repeatedly calls them His wife in the book of Hosea, and it was the Law given at Sinai that bound them as a wife to God.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, the only logical conclusion is that Paul means that<strong><em> the God of Sinai died when Jesus died</em></strong>, and a different God with a different code of behavior emerged at the resurrection of Jesus. As Chrysostum said in the late 300s that "there is nothing, [Paul] means, against you living with <em><strong>another husband</strong></em>, <em><strong>now that the former is dead</strong></em>." (Saint John Chrysostom, J. B. Morris, <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>The homilies of S. John Chrysostom, on the Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle</em></span> (1841) at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Q6oMAAAAIAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA189"> 189</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, implicitly Paul means the former God of Sinai is dead. This is what frees God's people to now enjoy "<strong><em>living with another husband</em></strong>" -- evidently a different God whom the<strong><em> resurrected</em></strong> Jesus must now supposedly represent.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Why Is This Necessarily So?</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Look at the converse possibility in Paul's illustration, and you will see it clearly. If Jesus represented the old God of the Original Testament (OT) <strong><em>not only</em></strong> when Jesus died <strong><em>but also</em></strong> when Jesus resurrected, then Paul could not say the Law given Moses is now dead. This would be because the Law was never truly loosed between us since <strong><em>the first HUSBAND is the same as the second HUSBAND. His death was reversed. </em></strong>Hence, Paul's statement we are now "dead to the Law" in verse 4 dictates that Paul believes the death of the old God of the OT is a permanent situation, along with His supposedly now dead Law. And moreover Paul must mean that Jesus once resurrected necessarily cannot be the old God; Jesus must represent (per Paul) a new and different God than our first betrothed God from the OT.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Would any of you want to be Paul on judgment day trying to defend this illustration to God Almighty? I hope not!!!!</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Emil Walter Agrees On What Is Paul's True Point</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Emil Walter, a German scholar (<em>e.g.</em>, he wrote on <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Taciti-Studiis-Rheoricis-Latin/dp/1160412731/ref=sr_1_16?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1279086166&sr=1-16">Tacitus</a>) saw this was the necessary meaning of Romans 7:1-4 in his work <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>New discoveries in the origin of Christianity</em></span> (1900) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=A6wOAAAAIAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA95">95</a>-96. Walter realized Romans 7 contained the beliefs reflected in Marcion's teaching. Marcion was Paul's most devoted enthusiast of 144 A.D. Walter then gives an exposition of Romans 7 that mirrors Marcion's thinking about the Eon (<em>i.e., </em>the<em> </em>divine eternal being) who supposedly was different for the OT from that of the NT:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Yet no one has the right to break the Law but the Eon who gave it. Hence the same Eon became incarnated...and he suffered death, and<em><strong> by his death this law became null and void</strong></em>. For the law was like <strong><em>a marriage contract</em></strong>, the Eon being the<em><strong> husband</strong></em>, and when a husband dies, the marriage becomes null, so when the Eon died, the Law became null. This Eon was<em><strong> Jesus</strong></em>. Thus we understand Paul's argument, how<em><strong> Jesus by his death, made them free from the law</strong></em>. (E. Walter, <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">New discoveries in the origin of Christianity</span> (1900) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=A6wOAAAAIAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA95">95</a>-96.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">And, to complete the thought, Paul means that Jesus prior to His resurrection represented the God of Sinai -- the husband who gave the Law to Israel. Paul implies this was the marriage partner who died when Jesus died. Thus, as Marcion explicitly taught in 144 A.D., when Jesus resurrected, Paul must mean that Jesus represented a different God than the God who died at the cross. (See Marcion's views at our webpage on "<a href="/recommendedreading/56-marcionism.html">Marcionism</a>.") Otherwise the Law would still be valid, but Paul's point is that the Law is now "dead to us" and permanently so.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">It is not difficult to see this as Paul's meaning. However, almost <strong><em>no one wishes to see it</em></strong>. They insist the Law given Moses is <em>not </em>the subject of this passage. Or if they admit the Mosaic Law is the topic, then they claim the Law is the "husband" and the "man" who died to dissolve the Law. They don't want to acknowledge that Paul meant Jesus died as a representative of the God of Sinai.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">What Causes The Resistance To A Literal Straightforward Reading?</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">First, some like Charles Hodge believe the Law given Moses continues in the NT era despite accepting Paul as an inspired voice. So Charles Hodge refuses to see Paul's true topic in Roman 7:1-7 is the Law given Moses. Why did Hodge do so? Because Hodge said <em><strong>numerous verses, in particular from Jesus, teach the continuity of the Mosaic Law</strong></em>. So rather than admit Paul is a false teacher, Hodge implausibly claimed the Law of which Paul speaks about in Romans 7 is "law" in the generic sense, and not the Mosaic Law.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Others who admit Paul speaks in Romans 7 about the Law given Moses realize the illustration requires the death of the God of the OT which directly fed the similar heresy of Marcion in 144 A.D. So they don't want to see that conclusion is what Paul is defending. Hence, they nonsensically argue that the Law itself was the husband who died, thereby breaking the Law's hold over us. Matthew Henry falls into this camp.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">However, that would make nonsense of what Paul is saying. Paul is saying the death of the husband causes the death of the Law. If the husband represents the law, then this is a nonsensical tautology. It would be saying the death of the law caused the death of the law. Would Paul speak so illogically?</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Second, there would then be no purpose for Paul to mention a husband's death -- referred to as "anthropos" (a man) in verse 1 -- if Paul were simply affirming the Law was the husband who died and thus its bonds over God's people was dissolved.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Third, Paul is clear that someone dies, and it is the death of this "man" and "husband" whose death dissolves the bonds of the Law between husband and wife. Thus, to say the Law is the husband who dies and thus dissolves the Law with the wife is at odds with the clear mention of an "anthropos" and "husband."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">In sum, to believe the "husband" in Paul's illustration is the Law itself would be reading a nonsensical tautological gloss into the verse at total odds with the language of the text. It also ignores that Paul is using a familiar illustration where the God of Sinai depicts Himself as husband to Israel. This can be found in Hosea and Jeremiah as well as many other passages of the Bible.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">But we won't look away from these clear indicators. We will look straight into the meaning of this passage.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Others Realize The Incongruity</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Leon Morris and Charles Hodge each demonstrate that reading the husband as dying, rather than the wife -- the people of God -- causes the meaning of the passage to point in an "incongruous" (unwelcome) direction. They obviously realize Paul would be pointing toward the death of the God at Sinai. They don't say it expressly, but they clearly say it would have been 'better' had Paul said the wife died to dissolve the Law; but saying the husband died causes an 'incongruity' -- namely the point we are raising here -- that Paul means the God of Sinai (Israel's husband) died on the Cross, and permanently so. Morris and Hodge write:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The <strong><em>main difficulty</em></strong> is that Paul's illustration <em><strong>refers to a wife</strong></em> who is bound to her husband, as long as he lives...[and] in the illustration it is <em><strong>not the wife but the husband who dies</strong></em>, not the husband but <em><strong>the wife who remarries</strong></em>. (Leon Morris, <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The Epistle to the Romans</span> (1988) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=r1w8EyL9qFIC&lpg=PA270">270</a>.)</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">There is a...<strong><em>incongruity</em></strong> between the illustration and the form in which the principle is stated in the first verse....The illustration is that a wife is free <em><strong>not when she dies</strong></em> [but] <strong><em>when her husband dies</em></strong>.. (Charles Hodge, <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">A commentary on the Epistle to the Romans</span> (1875) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=R6sCAAAAQAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA216">216</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, if the husband dies, but God's people represents the wife, as must necessarily be the case, then the only possible meaning Paul had was that <strong><em>the God of Sinai died</em></strong>. And someone's death who evidently represents the God of the OT is mentioned in the passage -- Jesus in His death on the Cross. But this then leaves us to conclude<strong><em> Paul means</em></strong> the resurrected<strong><em> Jesus does not represent the same God who died on the Cross</em></strong>, because otherwise Paul would not have said in verse 4 that the Law remains dead. If the same God who died then resurrected, then God's people continue to be married to the<strong><em> same person who was their first husband </em></strong>and thus the Law would continue. But Paul says the Law is now dead to us (v. 4), which means that <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>the resurrected Jesus no longer represents the same divinity that died on the Cross</strong></span>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul is not only a<strong><em> bad theologian</em></strong>. He is a <strong><em>dangerous one</em></strong>!</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Is It Spiritual Adultery Then To Follow The Law From The God of Sinai?</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">But there are many who defend Paul's implicit meaning! They do so under a doctrine called "Spiritual Adultery." Numerous evangelical commentators claim that Romans 7 teaches that if we try to be just by the standards in the Law, this is "spiritual adultery." </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Supposedly, Romans 7 teaches impliedly those doing so are wed to a different husband than the one who resurrected when Jesus rose from the dead. They try to portray the dead husband as the Law or as Moses, but this is designed solely to soften the listener's attention from what Paul truly said. To repeat, Paul implicitly said the God of Sinai died. But here you can see the commentary clearly believes <strong><em>we must kill off the first husband to marry Christ </em></strong>which shows how reprehensible are Paul's words when properly understood:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">If we return to The Law, we are committing Spiritual Adultery. You cannot serve two husbands! Not only that you are trying to maintain a marriage to<strong><em> a dead man</em></strong> (The Law)! (<a href="http://www.bereanwife.net/2010/03/returning-to-the-law-spiritual-adultery/">Berean Wife</a>).</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The only way in which men are permitted to be married to Christ is for the<em><strong> first husband, </strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Moses,</span><strong> to be taken away.</strong></em> "Wherefore, my brethren, ye also were made dead to the law through the body of Christ; that ye should be joined to another, even to him who was raised from the dead, that we might bring forth fruit unto God" (Rom. 7:4). In the physical marriage relation, one cannot be married to two husbands at one time. Men were at one time married to Moses, but they now are to be wed to Christ. Before one could be married to <em><strong>husband No. 2</strong></em>, Christ, <strong><em>husband No. 1, <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Moses,</span></span></em><em> had to die</em></strong>. (Cecil Willis, <a href="http://www.comeneartogod.com/Old-NewCovenants/Moses-Christ4.pdf">Spiritual Adultery</a>).</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Clearly, these writers understand Paul means that the first husband <strong><em>remains dead</em></strong>. In fact, to try to remain married to the first husband, these writers claim is spiritual adultery. (More correctly, spiritual bigamy.) Thus, when we insert the true <em><strong>persona</strong></em> that died according to Paul, <em>i.e.</em>, the God of Sinai, we realize Paul has made up a completely <strong><em>new divinity that guides us in the NT era</em></strong>. No wonder Marcion -- the ardent follower of Paul -- taught the identical lesson which almost overthrew the early church. (See our webpage on <a href="/recommendedreading/56-marcionism.html">Marcionism</a>.)</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This Reading of Paul Aligns Well With The Point of Hebrews 9:16 That Affirms Too The God-of-Sinai is Dead</span></strong></span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul's frequent companion was Barnabas. According to Tertullian, Barnabas wrote the Epistle to the Hebrews in our NT. (See our <a href="/recommendedreading/272-authorship-of-hebrews.html">link</a>.) Later, Jerome and Augustine attributed this epistle to Paul until the modern era where many simply believe the writer is unknown. (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews">Wikipedia</a>.) There is a passage in Hebrews that similarly implies the God of Sinai is dead, and only Christ lives as the "living God." The epistle-writer envisions Christ as a distinct God from God-Yahweh who is now supposedly the dead testator of the New Testament. It is found in Hebrews 9:16. It reads:</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">For where a testament is, there must also of necessity be the death of the testator. (Heb. <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=hebrews%209:16&version=KJV">9:16</a>, KJV)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">When we study this carefully below, this means that the God-of-Sinai established the promise of a new testament but it only remains alive now as long as the original testator (the God-of-Sinai) remains dead. Yahweh supposedly reflects now the "dead works" of the dead law. Instead, the epistle-writer means we move on to enjoy the resurrected Jesus who represents the "living God." He goes on that the new testament only persists as long as the "death of the testator" (<em>i.e.</em>, Yahweh) remains a fact, for <strong><em>the new testament would disappear if the original testator still lives</em></strong>. This must be the God-of-Sinai who remains dead because the writer says the new testament would disappear if the original testator still lived.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, Barnabas / Paul in Heb. 9:16 had the <strong><em>identical notion that we read in Romans 7 from Paul.</em></strong> If Barnabas was the author, then no wonder these men were common companions.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">There is no doubt of this interpretation if one reads the entire chapter nine of Hebrews. It starts with talk of the "first covenant" in <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%209:1&version=KJV">9:1</a>. Then it speaks of "Christ being come as an high priest of good things to come, by a <strong><em>greater and more perfect tabernacle</em></strong>,...," that is, replacing the old temple system with a better one. (Hebrews <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%209:11&version=KJV">9:11</a>.) After speaking of the old temple service required under the Law, Barnabas / Paul refers to it pejoratively as 'dead works': "the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge<strong style="font-style: italic;"> your conscience from dead works to serve the living God</strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>...." (Heb. 9:</em><a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%209:14&version=KJV" style="font-weight: normal;">14.</a><em>) </em>The dead works of the Law, this means, belong to a dead system, but instead now you serve the "living God." Implicitly from what follows, this<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong> leaves the God-of-Sinai as God over dead works and a dead system in contrast to what is offered by the "living God."</strong></span><em> </em>This becomes only clear when we arrive at 9:15-17. Here is the entire passage<em>:</em></span></span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>15</sup> And for this cause he is the mediator of the <strong><em>new testament</em></strong>, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the <strong><em>first testament</em></strong>, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>16</sup>For where <strong><em>a testament is</em></strong>, there must also of <strong><em>necessity</em></strong> be the <strong><em>death of the testator</em></strong>.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>17</sup>For a testament<strong><em> is of force after men are dead</em></strong>: otherwise it is of<strong><em> no strength at all while the testator liveth</em></strong>. (Hebrews <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%209:15-17&version=KJV">9:15-17</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">So here Jesus is the "mediator of the new testament." The Greek word rendered as <strong><em>testament</em></strong> is <strong><em>diatheke</em></strong>, meaning <strong><em>will</em> </strong>or <em><strong>last will and testament</strong>.</em> (See "<a href="http://www.redeemerlutheranchurch.org/diatheke.htm">Diatheke: Testament or Covenant?</a>"). The fruits from it "prevailed" / was ushered in by the "<strong><em>death of the testator</em></strong>." The "testament" that now lives is the new testament, but it only has "force after men are dead." This necessarily implies that if the testator who died is indeed the same who now lives, the "new testament" would disappear and the old revive. The new testament would have "no strength at all while the testator liveth."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">So the writer of Hebrews, whether Paul or Barnabas, has the same idea as Paul that the<strong><em> death of Jesus represents the permanent death of the "testator" of the testament we now enjoy</em></strong>. Otherwise, the old would revive and the new would not live. But since Jesus actually lives must mean the testator in view who <strong>remains dead</strong> is the God-of-Sinai, not Jesus. The epistle-writer of Hebrews can only mean that the God-of-Sinai made this new testament as a promise after His death which now the testament lives because He (the God-of-Sinai) remains dead. The thanks we give this supposedly dead God Yahweh then (per this epistle-writer) is we now share life supposedly only with Jesus - the resurrected "living God" to whom we now solely focus our attention. The testator (Yahweh) is supposedly dead and gone.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Again, the epistle-writer offers up the<strong><em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> grossest of heresy</span></em></strong> just as Paul taught in Romans 7:1-6. It is similarly dressed in legal concepts that need careful exposition to tease out the logic. But it aligns identically to Paul's words in Romans 7:1-6. This is one reason to support Jerome's belief Paul wrote Hebrews. But if Barnabas wrote it, as Tertullian said, it makes sense as Paul and Barnabas were frequent companions. This connection bespeaks both passages -- Romans 7:1-6 and Hebrews 9:15-17 -- have the same meaning. The study of Hebrews 9:15-17 positively confirms that we are correctly reading Romans 7:1-6.</span></p>
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<h1><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h1>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">In Romans 7:1-6, Paul is telling Jewish believers (v.1) that they are freed from the Law (given Moses) due to the death of Jesus (v. 4) under the law of the death of the husband (v. 3). The husband was God in the covenant declared by Moses. (See <em>Hosea</em>.) Christ's body, by its death, made us "dead to the Law." Paul's Greek meant the Law has been "rendered null and void." (Leon Morris, <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>The Epistle to the Romans</em></span> (1988) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=r1w8EyL9qFIC&lpg=PA270">270</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, the only logical basis for Paul's conclusion that the Law of Sinai is void is that the <em><strong>God of the Jews supposedly died when Jesus died! </strong></em></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Then because Paul insists that the Law given Moses remains dead after Jesus's resurrection (v. 4), this must mean that the resurrected-Jesus no longer represents that former husband. Instead, that old husband -- the God of Sinai -- must necessarily remain dead as long as Paul is insisting the Law given Moses is dead. Paul thus must mean Jesus represents, just as Marcion interpreted Paulinism in 144 A.D., a new and </span><strong>different</strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> God than the God who died on the cross.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">What <strong><em>more fantastically heretical notion can be found in any mouth</em></strong>!</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Pelagius was right -- Paul was reluctant to directly say who or what died. Paul obviously knew the Jewish Christians at Rome would revolt if Paul had been more clear. For anyone trained in the Bible, especially Genesis, knows <strong><em>God is immortal</em></strong>. God's eternal being can never die! "God is immortal in that He can never die." ("<a href="http://www.valleybible.net/Adults/ClassNotes/TheologySurvey/God/AttributesOfGod.pdf">The Attributes of God</a>," Valley Bible Church Theology Studies.) In Genesis God has to prevent Adam eating from the tree of life or otherwise Adam would become immortal and never die. "He must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever.” (Gen. 3:22.) Surely, God was incapable of ever dying Himself.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">If what Paul left implied were true about the death of the God of Sinai -- taking the Law with Himself into death, then who resurrected Jesus when Jesus resurrected? Was there some second God waiting, as Marcion claimed, known as God-the-Father to resurrect Jesus? Of course not. That would depend upon polytheism! Paul's notions are thus utterly absurd and clearly heretical.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">End</span></p>
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<hr />
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<p> </p>
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<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>Email Reviews.</strong></span></h2>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">At first I had a hard time believing that if we could corner Paul on this he would ever actually admit he literally meant the death of the God of Sinai. But as you have again eloquently pointed out, this is the inescapable conclusion where his argument must lead. At the very least, if he <em>were</em> to defend himself by claiming we read too much into analogies and figures of speech, our point would be firmly established that his illustration is illogical …doesn’t work …and is therefore perfectly useless in supporting his anti Mosaic-Law doctrine. But now, as I go back and read it again, there is no indication at all that Paul was using analogy to describe a similarity between two things. His words are emphatic and hard core.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">“<strong>Wherefore</strong> [not “likewise”], my brethren, <strong><em>ye also <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">are</span> become dead to the law by the body of Christ; that ye should be married to another, even to <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">him</span> who is raised from the dead,</em></strong>”</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Unbelievable the blasphemy…! It’s no wonder all of Jerusalem was in an uproar and wanted <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">him </span>executed for the things he had been teaching among the Gentiles....It couldn’t be more obvious that we are dealing with two separate religions and not the <em>perfection</em> of one. It is easy to see that this is in all probability where Marcionism got its legs. (Scott N. July 11, 2010.)</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Really appreciated the scholarship on Romans 7. (Ken 2/26/2013)</span></p>
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<h1><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Further reading:</span></strong></span></h1>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">1. <a href="http://www.biblebb.com/files/mac/sg45-50.htm">MacArthur Commentary on Romans 7:1-6</a>. John MacArthur likewise looks at the "we are dead to the Law" in verse 4, and tries to portray <strong><em>us</em></strong> as the dead partner at Sinai. He pretends the wife died (which is what other scholars said they wished Paul said because of the 'incongruity' that results by the husband dying). MacArthur thus wholly ignores who is the marriage partner at Sinai who died to bring about the death of the Law. MacArthur portrays us as married to the Law at one time, but when we died to the Law, it broke our marriage to the Law. MacArthur says "The believer is no longer married to the law,...." But Paul spoke about the death of the husband (not the wife) breaking the bonds of the Law.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">2. <a href="http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?b=45&c=7&com=wes">Wesley's Commentary on Romans 7:1-6</a>. Wesley tries to portray the Law as our husband, and not God himself. What about the fact that Paul does not speak this way? Wesley says: "The law is here spoken of, by a common figure, <strong><em>as a person</em></strong>, to which, as to an husband, life and death are ascribed." If Paul meant we were married to the Law (personifying it as a husband), then Paul is talking illogically. This would mean Paul teaches that the Law became dead because the Law (the husband) died. That's a tautology -- the premise being identical to the conclusion. No, the only sensible way to read Paul is that the husband in the covenant at Sinai which created the Law died when Christ died. It is not hard to see this, but you can see why no one wishes to see this.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">3. <a href="http://www.bibletools.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/Bible.show/sVerseID/28096/eVerseID/28098">Forerunner Commentary on Romans 7:1-6</a>. This likewise sees us as the partner who died. When we put to death the old man of sin, we supposedly thus ourselves break the bonds to the Law. "After the old man of sin died at baptism, we are now free to marry Christ." There is nothing about baptism in this passage. The death of the body of Jesus makes us "dead to the Law" (verse 4). Paul says in verse 6 that the 'law is dead'" ("the law that being dead....") The Law did not become dead by our repentance, as Forerunner implies. It became dead by the death of the "husband." Only if we are the husband could our repentance kill the Law. Again, Forerunner has us, like Henry (see below), taking on the role of the husband in Paul's remarks, which means a husband "marries" Jesus in Paul's analogy -- which is ghastly.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">4. George R. Knight, <em>Exploring Romans: A Devotional Commentary</em> (2010) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=MieoCJ_4_psC&lpg=PA151&vq=believer%20who%20died&pg=PA149#v=snippet&q=believer%20who%20died&f=false">149</a> says: "This is certainly not the easiest passage in Romans to understand." Knight mentions this portion is for Jewish readers. (It addresses those "who know the law.") <em>Id.</em>, at 150. Knight endorses F.F. Bruce's solution to the incongruity of the "husband dying" and insists contrariwise that it is the "believers' death with Christ" which breaks the bonds to the Law. <em>Id.</em> Knight says in Romans 7:4 it is the "<strong><em>believer who died</em></strong>, not the Law." But again, this is false, and contradicts also Romans 7:6 which says the "law, being dead...." Verse 4 likewise says that a believer became "dead to the Law...." by the body of Christ (dying on the Cross, evidently). The death of Christ must be the death of the husband in Paul's analogy, which perfectly explains why the law is supposedly dead, as it logically follows from his illustration of the law of the husband. Thus, Knight like MacArthur and Forerunner believes it is the wife who dies. But this is, to repeat, counter-textual, for it is clear the husband dies in Paul's analogy.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">5. Barclay. "Seldom did Paul write <strong><em>so difficult</em></strong> and so complicated a passage as this."</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">6. "Dodd is scathing, holding that Paul's illustration is 'confused at the outset,' and in the end <strong><em>we should ignore what he is actually saying</em></strong>." (Leon Morris, <em>The Epistle to the Roman</em>s (1988) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=r1w8EyL9qFIC&lpg=PA270">270</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">7. Our "death to sin" in Romans 6:2 is read to be the meaning of "death to Law" in Romans 7:4. (Leon Morris, <em>The Epistle to the Romans</em> (1988) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=r1w8EyL9qFIC&lpg=PA270">270</a>.) But such a reading is unfounded. Paul is clearly talking about someone's death that broke the bonds to the Law at Sinai -- a wholly different point. Morris impliedly is another who sees the wife as dying, not the husband.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">8. Leon Morris contends that Paul does not mean the Law given Moses is loosed, and instead Paul is supposedly referring to "all law." (Leon Morris, <em>The Epistle to the Romans</em> (1988) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=r1w8EyL9qFIC&lpg=PA269&dq=romans%207%20god%20is%20dead&pg=PA272">272</a>.) However, this ignores that Paul in verse one refers to those "who know the Law," and the term is <em>nomos</em> -- the word for the Torah in Greek. This is an obvious reference to those who like Paul know the Law given Moses. And it ignores that in all the prior chapters Paul has been expressly talking about the Law given Moses.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">9. Origen in approximately 240 A.D. in his <em>Commentary on Romans</em> (CUAP, 2002) at 21 said that Paul teaches in Romans 7:1-6 that one can "forsake the Law as a dead husband" and it was killed by the "coming of Christ." As a result, "you were joined to another husband," namely the one that rose from the dead. Thus, Origen does not see us as the husband. He sees us as the wife and Jesus remarries us after the death of the Law. Using an analogy to avoid Paul's meaning, Origen concluded the first husband was the Law itself, and the second husband was the Spirit of the Law. (<em>Id.</em>, at 23.) Origen speaks of Romans 7 again in his <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>Homily on Joshua</em> where by analogy Moses had to die outside the promised Land, so that Joshua - an analogy to Jesus -- would take over and bring the people to the promised land. Hence, in this analogy, the husband who dies is Moses, symbolizing the Law. (See this <a href="http://www.copticchurch.net/topics/patrology/schoolofalex2/chapter02.html">link</a>.) Such an allegory, superimposed on top of Paul's words, is incompatible with Paul's words at the same time. For again, Paul was trying to prove in a chain the Law was dead as a result of a husband who died, thereby freeing the wife from the Law that bound them together. Origen is saying instead Paul mean the Law died, and thus the Law died -- a tautology. Hence, Origen's allegories are a nonsensical means to make sense out of the heresy Paul speaks in Romans 7. Incidentally, </span>Chrysostum later in the 300s would similarly provide an unsubstantiated gloss to the same effect, saying that the husband is the Law. (Saint John Chrysostom, J. B. Morris, <em>The homilies of S. John Chrysostom, on the Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle</em> (1841) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Q6oMAAAAIAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA187">187</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">10. Augustine believes that the husband was our corrupt nature. (Charles Hodge, <em>A commentary on the Epistle to the Romans</em> (1875) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=R6sCAAAAQAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA216">216</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">11. Hodge uses his presupposition that the Law given Moses remains valid to assert that Paul in verse 1 is not referencing those who "know the Law" of Moses, but simply those who know the law of marriage that Paul is about to reveal. (Charles Hodge, <em>A commentary on the Epistle to the Romans</em> (1875) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=R6sCAAAAQAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA216">216</a>.) Hodge realizes that if Paul actually taught the abrogation of the Mosaic Law, then this is "<strong><em>irreconcilable with many express declarations of Scripture</em></strong>...." <em>Id., </em>at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=R6sCAAAAQAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA218">218</a>. But the meaning of Paul is incontrovertible in context -- the Mosaic law is abrogated. Hodge's admission that the contrary principle is everywhere in Jesus's teaching should actually mean we are left with only one solution: Paul's words do not compel us to believe they are inspired, but rather force us to the opposite conclusion.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">12. The Lutheran interpretation is to deny the Law in view is the Law of Moses in verse 1. Then the husband that dies is the law, not God or us. See Henry Eyster Jacobs, <em>The Lutheran Commentary: Jacobs, H. E. The Epistles of Paul to the Romans</em> (1896) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=f2VHAAAAYAAJ&dq=romans%207%20husband%20dies&pg=PA127">127</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">13. Pelagius (354-420 A.D.), a faith-alone advocate of Paul, in his commentary on Romans admits Paul deliberately does not want to identify who or what has died: "He was<strong><em> reluctant to tell them</em></strong>, according to the analogy, that the<strong><em> law</em></strong> is dead, but<strong> what <strong><em>he dared not say among the Jews he leaves to be understood</em></strong></strong><strong><em>.</em></strong>" (<em>Pelagius's Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans</em>(Ed./Trans. Theodore de Bruyn)(Clarendon, 1993) at 101.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">While Pelagius understood that the Law is what died to dissolve the Law, and this is supposedly what Paul intended to leave understood, Pelagius' reading is based upon the Latin translation of verse 1. In Latin, the 'person' or the 'law' "can serve as the implied subject of the clause "as long as he (or it) lives...." in verse 1 of Romans 7. <em>Id.</em>, at 100 fn. 1. However, in the Greek, it is clear that <em>anthropos</em>, the man, is the subject of <em>lives</em>, not the Law. And in the illustration, the <em>anthropos </em>is the one who is the husband who dies which then has the legal effect of dissolving the Law that binds the anthopos and the woman in marriage. Pelagius's reading that the Law is the party who dies is nonsense because if Paul said the Law is the husband who dies and its death dissolves the Law's effect between the two, it would be a tautology. The premise would mean the same thing as the conclusion. It would be a silly argument. Moreover, if Paul meant the Law's death as a husband caused the end of the Law, Paul did not need to use the illustration of a husband dying to dissolve the Law between the partners. He could simply affirm the Law is dead, and not need to build up a tautology based upon a husband dying to prove the Law's dissolution. Thus, Pelagius' reading was (a) based upon an ambiguity in the Latin which is absent in the Greek; and (b) creates an illogical tautology unworthy of Paul.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">14. Some Paulinists even admit the God of Sinai died on the cross: "God died for all men...." (<a href="http://www.middletownbiblechurch.org/romans/romans3.htm">Middletown Church</a>.) "God died for his creation." (<a href="http://www.raptureready.com/featured/graham/g120.html">Ron Graham</a>.) "But <em>God died</em> for His enemies." (<a href="http://www.lakeworthbaptist.org/PastorSermons/CrossExaminationSeries/WHATTHECROSSMEANTTOSINNERS.aspx">Lakeworth Baptist</a>.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">15. In "Sabbath Keeper's Refuted" Website -- article "<a href="http://www.bible.ca/7-10-commandments-abolished-Romans-7-1-7.htm">Romans 7:1-7 Prove the 10 Commandments are Abolished in the Greek</a>" a Paulinist defends Paul abrogated the entire Mosaic Law in Romans 7:1-7, completely unaware this makes Paul a false prophet by Deut. 13:1-5 and Isaiah 8:20. This writer <em><strong>unwittingly destroys</strong></em> Paul. Hear his argument -- set forth at length here -- directed at Seventh Day Adventists :</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">But now we have been <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">released</span> [<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Abolished: Strongs #2673 same as Eph 2:15</span>] from the Law, having died to that by which we were bound, so that we serve in newness of the Spirit and not in oldness of the letter. What shall we say then? Is the Law sin? May it never be! On the contrary, I would not have come to know sin except through the Law; for I would not have known about coveting if the Law had not said, "<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">You shall not covet</span>."" (Romans 7:[4]-7)</span></p>
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<ol>
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<li style="list-style-type: none;"><ol>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul said that this is equal to <em><strong>spiritual adultery</strong></em>, because in order to be joined to Christ,<em><strong> all the old Law must be abolished</strong></em>!</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">By creating an artificial distinction that does not exist, Adventists are ignoring God’s warning: "What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate." (Mt 19)</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">In a most interesting way, Paul uses the marriage analogy to prove the <em><strong>10 commandments</strong></em><strong><em> are abolished.</em></strong></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Paul’s argument is that<em><strong> if the 10 Commandments (covet v7) are not abolished</strong></em>, then either we cannot be joined to Christ or<strong><em> we are guilty of adultery, just as a woman with two living husbands.</em></strong></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em></em>The exact same word is used twice in Romans 7:2,6 for<em><strong> abolished</strong></em> that is used in Eph 2:15</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Adventists say the it was the ceremonial law that was abolished in Eph 2:15</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Problem is Romans 7:1-7 uses the<em><strong> exact same Greek</strong></em> word for <em><strong>abolished</strong></em>, as in Eph 2:15</span></li>
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</ol></li>
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</ol>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<table style="width: 490px;" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="7">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td valign="MIDDLE" width="39%">
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<p align="RIGHT"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Abolished (Strongs #2673)</span></p>
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</td>
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<td valign="TOP" width="27%"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Eph 2:15</span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Rom 7:2,6</span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">2 Cor 3:7,11,13,14</span></p>
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</td>
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<td valign="TOP" width="33%"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Ceremonial law</span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">10 Commandments</span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">10 Commandments</span></p>
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<div><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">***</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">V4-6 Paul begins with "Therefore" indicating he is making application of the main point based directly upon the illustration of a woman<em><strong> married to two men </strong></em>at the same time in v 2-3. If we are joined to the <strong><em>Law and Christ at the same time, we are Adulterers</em></strong>, just like a woman with two living husbands.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">V7 Paul has been <em><strong>discussing the law throughout the book of Romans</strong></em>. Its<strong><em> all the same law from chapter 1-7</em></strong>. To the shock and horror of Sabbatarians, Paul identifies the abolished law: "Thou shalt not covet" … the 10 commandment law. But was the 10 commandment law abolished because it was sin? No! is the answer, but it was abolished anyways.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Conclusion: The Abolished Law is identified</span>: "What shall we say then? Is the Law sin? May it never be! On the contrary, I would <em><strong>not have come to know sin except through the Law</strong></em>; for I would not have known about coveting if the Law had not said, "<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">You shall not covet</span>."" V7</span></p>
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<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 60px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>Here is what Romans and Galatians says about the law:</strong></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 60px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<ol>
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<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span><ol>
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<li style="list-style-type: none;"><ol>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"We are not under the law" (Rom. 6:14; Gal. 5:18).</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">We are dead to the law (Rom. 7:4).</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">We are delivered from the law (Rom. 7:6).</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Christ is the end of the law (Rom. 10:4).</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us to Christ .... we are<strong> no longer under a schoolmaster</strong>" (Gal. 3:24, 25). Interesting that Adventist's are forced to say that the term "the law in Romans means the 10 commandments, but in Galatians the exact same phrase, "the law" refers to the Ceremonial law.</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"The law" has been abolished (Eph. 2:15).</span></span><hr /></li>
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</ol></li>
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</ol></li>
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</ol>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>My Comment on the Sabbath Keepers Refuted Website</strong>: </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">It is great when without my help <em><strong>the arguments in favor of Paul destroy Paul</strong></em>. I need say nothing more except to correct what Paul meant by the HUSBAND WHO DIED. You see this writer is uncomfortable identifying what HUSBAND died that dissolved the Law. It cannot be the Law because that is a tautology: it is a tautology to say the death of the LAW caused the dissolution/death of the Law. Rather, Paul speaks of a "man" who "dies"--a "husband"--and Paul speaks of the "death of Christ" in the same context. Thus, Paul wants us to understand Jesus' death represented the death of the BEING who was the HUSBAND, and whose death DISSOLVED the bonds to the Law between a husband and wife. Hence, everything this writer at Sabbath Keepers Refuted said is correct except it is the GOD OF SINAI (not the Law itself) who Paul leaves us to understand died at the Cross -- represented by Christ. And this death must continue for otherwise Jesus by His resurrection would have resurrected the bonds to the Law of the first husband if He still lives. Hence, we are reading from Paul <em><strong>the grossest heresy ever recorded anywhere until his follower, Marcion, proposed a similar notion in 144 AD</strong></em>!</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Miscellaneous Study Notes</span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="/recommendedreading/326-romans-71-7-bible-study.html"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">My verse by ve</span>rse exposition on Romans 7</a>.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
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<hr />
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
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<h1 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 40px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 28px; color: #2e496a; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Tron:Legacy -- Paul's Ideas in Romans 7 Reflected Identically In This Movie</span></h1>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">It is interesting to note that in <strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Tron: Legacy</span></strong> , the Disney Movie from 2010, reflects Paul's notions in Romans 7:1-7 perfectly. The Father -- Flynn -- is the Creator of a computer world that humans can enter via a portal. The Father has to die in his 'grid' world within computers, to let his son Sam live by resurrecting on a beam of light out of the grid. The creator Flynn acknowledges to his nemesis -- a Satan figure -- Clue -- who has almost the identical glory as the creator -- that Flynn desired perfection but He, Flynn, "did not know the </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><img src="http://s3.media.squarespace.com/production/1074073/12656271/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/TRON-and-TRON.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />unknowable" and hence the creator was flawed. So the movie ends with the Father Creator dying and His son resurrecting out, while simultaneously the Father's death enables the death of the nemesis - the Satan figure.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Whether this was consciously done to simulate the gnostic myth derived from Paul in Romans 7:1-7, it comes very close. And it shows you the power of the idea of <em><strong>a father God who dies and a son who lives</strong></em>. Paul's mythology of Yahweh and Yashua in Romans 7:1-7 lives on so that a movie like Tron can even be recognized for these elements, and Christians glory in a subtle allegory to the 'Christian' (sic: Pauline) view of God.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">For more on this, see "<a href="http://wheatstoneministries.com/tel/religious-allegory-in-tron-tron-legacy.html" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">Religious Allegory in Tron and Tron: Legacy</a>" from Wheatstone Ministries (Jan. 2011). This Christian author points out the obvious religious connotations: </span></p>
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<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; list-style-position: inside; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;">
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"His son comes down to save his father not realizing his importance, not realizing that he will have to save more than his father."</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"We are forced to look away to the creator Flynn, who sends his son back to reality with a new savior from among the Isomorphs, Quorra, who is ready to save <em style="color: #4b4b4b; font-family: myriad-pro, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">our</em> world. In doing this he destroys himself and CLU to ensure safe passage for the two Christ figures."</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"As the Grid is destroyed, we watch Sam Flynn and Quorra being sent into the real world on<em><strong> a beam of light</strong></em> to bring something new to it. Flynn saves a file from his father’s computer (that we assume is TRON and what is left of the grid) and<em><strong> he moves on to change the world</strong></em>. It’s a myth that has “solved” the circumstances, but <em><strong>one that has destroyed a god</strong></em> and left us with another unperfected one."</span></li>
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</ul>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The author does not correlate this to Romans 7:1-7, yet one familiar with that passage can see the direct correlations.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">For more on the religious connotations, see Walter Hudson, "<a href="http://www.newsrealblog.com/2010/12/18/the-religious-legacy-of-tron/" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">The Religious Legacy of Tron,</a>" <em>Newsrealblog (</em>Dec. 10, 2010). Hudson gets closer to revealing the parallels to Paul's mythology in Romans 7:1-7:</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> The Judeo-Christian references are quite bold for a modern <a href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/viewSubCategory.asp?id=369" target="_blank" style="color: #772124; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">Hollywood</a> production. Yet the writers are clearly not attempting to evangelize a particular faith. Quite the contrary, the religious legacy of <em style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;">Tron</em> is an ecumenical mix of various faiths which <strong>dispenses with the notion of an all-powerful God</strong>. The film suggests that creation is an unpredictable phenomenon which can baffle and surpass its creator.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Indeed, Paul depicting God as a husband who dies, dissolving the Law, but who does not revive, and we remarry Jesus, as Paul contends, is a notion of not an all-powerful God either. As Hudson continues, the allegory is plain:</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The Judeo-Christian narrative is evoked immediately upon Sam’s arrival among the programs. Spoken of in hushed tones as “the Son of Flynn”, Sam is regarded variously with fear, reverence, and hatred. We learn that a program named Clu, made in the elder Flynn’s image, turned against his creator in order to craft a “perfect system.” The parallels are clear. Flynn stands in for God. Sam is the Christ, come to reconcile creation with the creator. Clu fulfills the role of Lucifer.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.63636302947998px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Yet, no one has yet seen the direct parallel to Romans 7:1-7 - the father God dies, and the son lives, resurrecting out of the world the son's father had created. Again, it is unknown whether this was a conscious or unconscious attempt to reflect a Pauline view of the Son and Father. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<hr />
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
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<p><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: x-large;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Gnostic Doctrines on Salvation and God's Love</span></strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The threat of Romans 7:1-7 on Christendom was only partly stalled by undermining the reliance upon Romans 7:1-17. The other issues on God's love and salvation were never directly addressed. As a result, they are still present today without regard to Romans 7:1-7. For Gnosticism taught a Gnostic God of unconditional love. But Jesus taught instead: "<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">If you keep my commands, you will remain in my love, just as I have kept my Father's commands and <em><strong>remain in his love</strong></em>." (<a href="http://biblehub.com/john/15-10.htm" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">John 15:10</a>.)</span> </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">A father who forgives without his child's repentance and correcting a child is a bad father, not a good one. God in fact says such a father "hates his children." </span><a href="http://biblehub.com/proverbs/13-24.htm" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline; line-height: 15.8080005645752px;">Proverbs 13:4</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">. Tertullian thus raised arguments about the injustice of a salvation by mere belief or gnosis. This would be an unjust God, he argued.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">As to salvation by faith alone, this was easily defeated in those days when knowledge of Jesus' words were much greater than today. For Jesus clearly taught contrary to faith alone doctrine that "you" have / a "believer" has a choice -- you can go to heaven "maimed" by repentance from sin, or hell "whole" -- a clear doctrine of salvation by not mere faith but also by repentance and obedience. Mark 9:42-47; and in 2 places in Matthew: <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span><a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matt+5%3A29-30&version=ASV" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline; outline: none;">Matt. 5:29-30 </a> & <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matt+18%3A6-9&version=ASV" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline; outline: none;">Matt. 18:6-9</a>. There was no way your 'faith' excused disobedience. Your salvation critically turns upon obedience in addition to faith. <br /></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">However, it was hard to battle Gnosticism in the early church for Paul created a very attractive myth of a God of unconditional love once you have acknowledged (epignosis) Him. This fantasty-father became a strong magnet that the Gnostics used to gain immense popularity, relying upon the death-theory of the creator God supported by Romans 7:1-7. For Paul wrote of God's supposedly unconditional justification of the elect, and His impossible refusal ever to condemn again the elect for sin as follows:</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">33 Who shall bring<strong><em> a charge against God's elect?</em></strong> It is God who <strong><em>justifies</em></strong>. Who is to <strong><em>condemn?...</em></strong>35 Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?... For I am sure that neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor powers, 39 nor height nor depth, <em><strong>nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord</strong></em>. (<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans%208&version=ESV" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">Romans 8:33,35, 39</a> ESV.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Today, the mainstream faith-alone churches, just like the Gnostics of old, justify why faith alone is true by relying upon this passage in Romans. For how can a God of unconditonal love, and justification, ever condemn those whom His love abides for despite their sin? A good argument, it would seem, but it is contrary to Jesus' depiction of Himself as the pastor who has to seek the lost sheep who starts among the 100 saved sheep but wanders off, and is now lost. Jesus depicts himself as the pastor who sets out to bring back such a lost sheep. See <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%2015:1-7" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline;">Luke 15:1-7</a>. So what would Jesus the pastor say to bring back the lost sheep? Would it be either: (1) you can go to hell whole or heaven maimed (Matt 5:29-30; Matt 18:6-9), or (2) nothing will separate you from God's love -- continue to wander off here by yourself -- for nothing will cause your condemnation - so have a nice day! (Romans 8:33, 35, 39.)</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<h1 style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 40.6px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 28px; color: #2e496a; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">Christian Gnostics Saw This Meaning in the 1st & Second Centuries AD</span></strong></h1>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Let's also realize that <strong>our generation is not the first to see this</strong>. The early church knew of this interpretation that Paul taught the God who gave the law had died. The Christian Gnostic sects of Marcion (140 AD) and Valentinus (160 AD) believed this. These two men created extraordinarily popular sects within Christendom based upon the premise of Romans 7:1-7 that the God who gave the law had died, and was replaced by Christ as God. These two sects almost overwhelmed the early orthodox Christian church. (For our article on Marcionism, see this <a href="/recommendedreading/56-marcionism.html" style="color: #517291;">link</a>. For our article on Valentinus, see this <a href="/recommendedreading/390-valentinus-docetic-anti-law-pro-eternal-security.html" style="color: #517291;">link</a>.)</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">These Gnostic Christians embraced Paul's view in Romans 7 about the 'husband who gave the Law who dies at the Cross is replaced by Christ who has no more Law to follow.' These Gnostic Christians said this God who dies was the so-called <span data-mce-mark="1"><span data-mce-mark="1">God-the-Demiurge</span></span> who bonded with the Israelites at Sinai.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The Gnostics taught this Demiurge-God (Yahweh) was the creator of all flesh and matter, rendering him inferior to the God to come. The Demiurge is supposedly earthly and material compared to the Christ who would resurrect into heaven. By Christ's death, this <strong><em>put to death the Demiurge God</em></strong> who supposedly was in Christ only at the crucifixion. This killed one God to be replaced by a good-God -- the Christ who resurrected. This replacement God supposedly offers <strong><em>unconditional love</em> </strong>unlike the prior Demiurge-God who had a conditional salvation message that he applied to his wife, Israel. The Gnostics Marcion and Valentinus said that after the cross you were now saved by "faith" alone in this Christ-God. See links to Marcionism articles at the end of two paragraphs up.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Origen and other Christian orthodox leaders derided these sects as teaching one is saved by your "acknowledgement" -- in Greek, <em><strong>epiGNOSIS --</strong></em> of God-the-Christ. These Christian commentators derided Gnostics for teaching salvation by a mere GNOSIS or knowledge. Origen and others relied upon James' reasoning that that if one could be saved by a "belief" in God / Christ, then demons would be saved. (<a href="http://biblehub.com/text/james/2-19.htm" style="color: #517291;">James 2:19</a>.) Hence, the orthodox church created the term of "Gnosticism" as a derisive label to dismiss such teaching as a heresy. See Elaine Pagels, <em>The Gnostic Paul </em>(Trinity Press International, 1992) at 31-33.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">How was this teaching from Romans 7:1-7 defeated by the early church? How was the Christian Gnostic reliance upon Paul undermined? </span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Well, the early orthodox church used two arguments to defeat Romans 7:1-7 used by Gnostics. </span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">First, Tertullian - the foremost leading figure of orthodox Christianity in the early 200s -- argued that God is one. He cannot die. He cannot be replaced by Christ as a New God. This is Tertullian's main argument in <em>Against Marcion</em> written in 207 AD. This defeated the Gnostic interpretation of two gods - the Demiurge and Christ-- by simple contrary affirmations.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Second, Tertullian went after Paul's authority. </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Tertullian ends <em>Against Marcion</em> by asserting Paul was the "apostle of the heretics," and not an apostle of Christ; that Paul was illicit cargo in Marcion's bag of arguments because Paul was not numbered among the 12 apostles; and Paul was inferior to the 12 as Luke depicts Paul's behavior in Acts 15 when the 12 apostles were present and Paul submitted himself to their superior authority. This was to answer the inquiry of the Antioch church about circumcision of Gentiles. Tertullian's final remark was that Paul apparently fits the criteria of a false teacher predicted by Christ in Matthew 24, and thus told Marcion "let your apostle (Paul) <em><strong>belong to your other god</strong></em>." Ouch! See our several links: </span><a href="/recommendedreading/276-tertullian-scope-of-quote.html" style="color: #517291; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">link</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> #1 (scope of quote); </span><a href="/recommendedreading/479-tertullian-treatment-of-paul-in-against-marcion.html" style="color: #517291; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">link</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> #2 (addressing scholarly issues on Tertullian's quotes).)</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">At our website, we are already in the process of reviving Tertullian's critique of Paul's authority as the #1 answer to passages like Romans 7:1-7 and others.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">But in this article above, we proved Paul has the same teaching in Romans 7:1-7 that the early Gnostics found there, and that many modern Paulinists concede in whole or part is present. The idea latent in Paul's argument is that God is not one; God can die which ends the Law which He gave at Sinai; and God can be replaced by Jesus who has no Law because that law is dead as long as the first God remains dead.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">As we saw above, the Epistle writer of Hebrews -- who some believe was Paul -- says the very same thing as Paul says in Romans 7:1-7 -- that the Husband-God who made a promise of a New Testament for His people only operates as long as He, the testator, remains dead, and thus implicitly in the NT we necessarily serve an entirely new God -- Jesus:</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px 30px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>15</sup> And for this cause he [Christ] is the mediator of the <strong><em>new testament</em></strong>, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the <strong><em>first testament</em></strong>, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px 30px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>16</sup>For where <strong><em>a testament is</em></strong>, there must also of <strong><em>necessity</em></strong> be the <strong><em>death of the testator</em></strong>.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px 30px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><sup>17</sup>For a testament<strong><em> is of force after men are dead</em></strong>: otherwise it is of<strong><em> no strength at all while the testator liveth</em></strong>. (Hebrews <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%209:15-17&version=KJV" style="color: #517291; outline: none;">9:15-17</a>.) </span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Barnabas incidentally was the author of Hebrews, according to Tertullian in the 200s. Barnabas wrote an epistle that is recognized as his. It says something akin to Hebrews 1 about a pre-existing Jesus who is Lord: </span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px 30px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">"And further, my brethren, if the Lord [Jesus] endured to suffer for our soul, he being the Lord of all the world, to whom God said at the foundation of the world, 'Let us make man after our image, and after our likeness,' understood how it was that he endured to suffer at the hand of men." (Letter of Barnabas 5.)</span></p>
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