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<p><a href="/books/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&amp;page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics&nbsp;</p>
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<h1><span id="_mce_caret" data-mce-bogus="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-bogus="1"></span></span>Who Wrote The Epistle to the Hebrews?</h1>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">"The nearest approach to a ‘tradition’ is one quoted by Tertullian as current in North Africa at the close of the 2nd century<em><strong> ascribing the epistle to Barnabas</strong></em>." (<a href="http://www.renaissance.com.pk/noderef972.html">New Commentary on Holy Scriptures</a>.) See Tertullian, De Pudicitia, 20.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">Tertullian writes: "Hebrews,<em> a work of Barnabas</em>...." See Tertullian, <em>De Pudicitia</em> (Latin &amp; French translation by A.Picard)(1906 edition) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1fKmkDvdIAcC&amp;dq=tertullian%2C%20de%20pudicitia&amp;pg=PA184#v=onepage&amp;q=barnabas&amp;f=false">184</a> (Latin) and <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1fKmkDvdIAcC&amp;dq=tertullian%2C%20de%20pudicitia&amp;pg=PA185#v=onepage&amp;q=barnabas&amp;f=false">185</a> (French)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">Tertullian does so again in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">On Modesty</span> <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf04.iii.viii.xx.html">XX</a> (ca. 207 AD):</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"For there is extant withal an<strong> Epistle to the Hebrews under the name of Barnabas</strong>—a man sufficiently accredited by God, as being one whom Paul has stationed next to himself in the uninterrupted observance of abstinence...." </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Tertullian is clearly referencing our Epistle to the Hebrews 6:1, 4-6 in the NT for he next quotes:</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">"Warning, accordingly, the disciples to omit all first principles, and strive rather after perfection, and not lay again the foundations of repentance from the works of the dead, he says:&nbsp; “For impossible it is that they who have once been illuminated, and have tasted the heavenly gift, and <em><strong>have participated in the Holy Spirit</strong></em>, and have tasted the word of God and found it sweet, when they shall—their age already setting—have fallen away, should be again recalled unto repentance, crucifying again for themselves the Son of God, and dishonouring Him.”</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">More proof is as follows. Because this epistle to the Hebrews has the most excellent Greek in the NT, and Barnabas was known to have such erudition (being from Cyprus which was renown for excellence in writing Greek)(Barclay:<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=LcXwedfaPhUC&amp;lpg=PA8&amp;ots=n_4gcQjaGD&amp;dq=tertullian%20says%20barnabas%20wrote%20hebrews&amp;pg=PA8#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">8</a>), many Christian authorities support Barnabas as the author. These include:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">i) &nbsp; &nbsp; A.M. Stibbs, V. Principal, <em>The New Bible Commentary</em> (Oak Hill Theological College, London)&nbsp;at 1088</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">ii) &nbsp; &nbsp; Dr. Allan J. McNicol, Prof. of N.T., &nbsp;<em>Harper’s Bible Dictionary</em> (Bangalore,&nbsp;Inst. for Christian Studies, Austin, Texas,&nbsp;1994) at 94.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">iii) &nbsp; &nbsp; Myles M. Bourke, <em>The New Jerome Biblical Commentary</em> (Bangalore, 1994) at 920.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">iv) &nbsp; &nbsp; Dr. Robert W. Ross, Dept. of History, N. W. College, Minneapolis, Minn., <em>The Wycliffe’s Bible Commentary</em> (1987) at 1403 f.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">v) &nbsp; &nbsp; William Smith, <em>A Dictionary of the Bible</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1988) at 238.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">vi) &nbsp; &nbsp; Dr. F. F. Bruce, Ryland’s Prof. of Biblical Criticism &amp; Exegesis, Manchestor University, in Peake’s<em> Commentary on the Bible</em>, (Thomas Nelson Ltd, London, 1967) at 1008.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">Source: "<a href="http://www.renaissance.com.pk/noderef972.html">Barnabas, His Gospel, Credibility</a>."</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">Bruce says Tertullian does not attribute the epistle to Barnabas as if he were merely expressing opinion, but rather as if it were a commonly held ascription among those of his circle. Thus, Tertullian attributes it to Barnabas as a matter of fact.</span></p>
<h2><strong>Different Teachings than Paul</strong></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">However, in the later 200s, Origen said no one knows who wrote Hebrews. Then even later, in the 300s, many began saying Paul wrote it. Many today say this is unlikely because of the following differences in soteriology and Christology:</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>P</strong><strong>aul's Patterns<o:p></o:p></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Hebrew's Presentation<o:p></o:p></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Christ being the&nbsp;<em>Head</em> of the&nbsp;<em>Body </em>of believers (I Cor. 12:12-27; Eph. 1:22,23; 4:14,15; 5:23; Col. 1:18; 2:10,19).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Christ is the&nbsp;<em>High Priest</em> over the&nbsp;<em>People of Israel</em> (Heb. 2:17; 3:1; 4:14,15; 5:5,20; 9:11,12,19-23; 13:11,12).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">The Believer's&nbsp;<em>unconditional </em>eternal union with Christ (Rom. 8:26-36; I Cor. 5:5; Eph. 1:3-5,13,14; 2:5-9; 4:30).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">The Believer's&nbsp;<em>potential to "fall away"</em> from eternal union with Christ (Heb. 6:4-6,9-12; 10:26-39).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Preoccupation with showing the e<em>qual status between Jew and Gentile as the people of God </em>(Rom. 1:16; 3:9-11, 22,23; 4:9-12; ch. 9-11; I Cor. 1:24; Gal. 3:28; Eph. 2:11-22; 3:6; Col 3:11).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Preoccupation with showing&nbsp;<strong><em>Israel as THE PEOPLE of God </em></strong>(2:17; 4:9; 5:3; 7:5,11,27; 8:8,10; 9:7,19; 11:25; 13:17).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><em>Use of the word WORLD over 40 times</em> with special reference to the global aspect of Christ's redemption (II Cor 5:19; Col. 1:4-6; I Tim. 3:16). Paul uses kosmos in a broad manner. It is a common Pauline term.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><em>Not one usage of the word WORLD</em> is in reference to Christ's act of redemption. <strong><em>Rather Israel is seen as the only beneficiary</em></strong> (2:17; 7:27; 13:12). Kosmos used only 5 times in a narrow context.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><em>Israel's FALL</em> into a state of "Lo Ammi" (Rom. 11; Eph 2).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><em>Israel's <strong>RISE</strong></em> into the promised Covenant (8:8-13; 10:16,29; 12:24; 13:20)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Source: "<a href="http://www.experiencegrace.com/Authorship_of_Hebrews.html">The Authorship of the Book of Hebrews</a>"</span></p>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">This study of authorship gives us some idea of what caused Barnabas and Paul to split. Barnabas was pro-Israel, but Paul was perceived as anti-Israel.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;">Study Aids</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">However, Hebrews does share some common ideas with Paul. Paul taught, as the Pharisees were known to teach, that the Law was given by angels. Now the book of Exodus says it was Yahweh. But the Pharisees contended it was angels. This unbiblical view appears in Paul's words to the Galatians 3:19: "<span style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;">Wherefore then&nbsp;</span><i style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;">serveth</i><span style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;">&nbsp;the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made;&nbsp;</span><i style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;">and </i><strong>it was</strong><span style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;ordained by angels</strong> in the hand of a mediator." (KJV)</span>. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">The same idea appears in Hebrews 2:2-3.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25px;">We must pay more careful attention, therefore, to what we have heard, so that we do not drift away.&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25px; line-height: 14px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 2px; vertical-align: text-top;"><a href="http://bible.cc/hebrews/2-2.htm" target="_blank" style="color: #0092f2;"><b>2</b></a></span><span style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25px;">For if the<strong><em> message spoken by angels was binding, and every violation and disobedience received its just punishment</em></strong>,&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25px; line-height: 14px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 2px; vertical-align: text-top;"><a href="http://bible.cc/hebrews/2-3.htm" target="_blank" style="color: #0092f2;"><b>3</b></a></span><span style="color: #001320; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25px;">how shall we escape if we ignore such a great salvation? (KJV)</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: large;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Clearly Lacks Inspiration As Contradicts Scripture</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;">Heb 11:11 reads:</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;"><em><strong>Through faith also Sara herself received strength to conceive seed</strong></em>, and was delivered of a child when she was past age, because she judged him faithful who had promised.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1">This is wrong! Sarah did not believe, and instead laughed at the promise of God which Abraham relayed to her. It was Abraham who believed. Sara then lies to Abraham that she had not laughed at the possibility, and Moses adds she lied out of "fear," not faith! God even tells Moses that Abraham's wife had laughed at the promise to God's obvious sore displeasure. So how can one say "through faith Sara herself received the strength to conceive seed?" We read in Genesis:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Gen 18:10 And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life; and, lo, Sarah <em><strong>thy wife shall have a son</strong></em>. And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Gen 18:11 Now Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Gen 18:12 Therefore<em><strong> Sarah laughed within herself</strong></em>, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Gen 18:13 And the LORD said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bear a child, which am old?</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Gen 18:14 Is any thing too hard for the LORD? At the time appointed I will return unto thee, according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Gen 18:15 Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Another inaccurate passage is Heb 11:27:</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"> By faith he (Moses) forsook Egypt, <em><strong>not fearing the wrath of the king</strong></em>: for he endured, as seeing him who is invisible.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Hebrews 11:27 is not true. Moses was convicted of murdering one of Pharaoh's officers and Pharaoh's court sentenced Moses to death. Moses received the death penalty for murder. Moses did not want to die so Moses fled in fear for his life to the land of Midian.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Exodus 2:14 plainly says that "<strong><em>Moses feared</em></strong>," however, the writer of Hebrews plainly says the opposite.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Heb 11:27 By faith he (Moses) forsook Egypt, <em><strong>not fearing</strong></em> the wrath of the king: for he endured, as seeing him who is invisible.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">This is thanks to <a href="http://www.bernardharland.com/">Bernard Harland's</a> work.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>
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