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<h3>Recommendations</h3>
<p><a href="/recommendedreading/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&amp;page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics&nbsp;</p>
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
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<h1><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><strong>James v. Paul</strong></span></h1>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Paul called James (known as James the Just), the brother of Jesus, an "<strong>apostle</strong>." (Gal. 1:19, "Other of the apostles I saw none, except James, the brother of the Lord.") </span></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Jesus made James one of the pillars of the church. Clement, an early Christian leader, in his book <strong>Hypotyposes</strong> said that "the Lord after his resurrection imparted knowledge to James the Just and to John and Peter, and they imparted it to the rest of the Apostles, and the rest of the Apostles to the 70, of whom Barnabas was one." (Eusebius, <strong>Church History</strong> II, i. 2-4, quoting Clement in the 4th Century.) </span></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Also, Peter and John chose James the Just to lead the 12. Clement said in the same work: "For they say that Peter, James and John after the Ascension of our savior, as if also preferred by our Lord, did not strive after honor, but <strong>chose James the Just the Bishop of Jerusalem</strong>." Eusebius, id. See also Mark Kern, <em>The Life of the Apostle Paul</em> (2014) at 25.</span></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Did James, Jesus' brother, the Bishop of Jerusalem, to whom Jesus imparted important knowledge after the Resurrection that was then spread among the 12 and then the 70, write his epistle to address flaws in Paul's writings, as we said in Jesus Words Only?</span></p>
<table border="1"><caption>
<h6 class="TableTitle"><a name="pgfId=997352"></a>James' Words Responding to Paul</h6>
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<tbody>
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<p class="CellHeading"><a name="pgfId=997356"></a>Paul</p>
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<p class="CellHeading"><a name="pgfId=997358"></a>James</p>
</th></tr>
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<td>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997364"></a>Gal <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+2%3A16&amp;version=NIV">2:16</a>; Romans<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%203:28&amp;version=NIV"> 3:28</a>: Justification is by faith not works of the Law.</span></p>
</td>
<td>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997366"></a>James<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%202:24&amp;version=KJV"> 2:24</a>: Justification is by works not faith alone</span></p>
</td>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997368"></a>Gal<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=galatians%203:6&amp;version=KJV"> 3:6</a>; Romans <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%204:3&amp;version=KJV">4:3</a>: Quotes Genesis 15:6, Faith made Abraham right with God.</span></p>
</td>
<td>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997370"></a>James <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%202:22-23&amp;version=KJV">2:22-23</a>: Quotes Genesis 15:6, his faith and deeds worked together</span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997372"></a>Gal <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=galatians%203:20&amp;version=KJV">3:20</a>; Romans <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%203:30&amp;version=KJV">3:30</a>: God is one.</span></p>
</td>
<td>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997374"></a>James <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%202:14-19&amp;version=KJV">2:14-19</a>: You believe God is one, good but even demons believe that!</span></p>
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<td>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997376"></a>Gal <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=galatians%203:23&amp;version=KJV">3:23</a>: We were captive under the law.</span></p>
</td>
<td>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997378"></a>James <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%201:25&amp;version=KJV">1:25</a>: The law makes people free</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997380"></a>Gal<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=galatians%205:18&amp;version=KJV"> 5:18</a>, Rom <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%208:2&amp;version=KJV">8:2</a> &amp; <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%2010:4&amp;version=KJV">10:4</a>: We are not under the law.</span></p>
</td>
<td>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997382"></a>James <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%202:10-13&amp;version=KJV">2:10-13</a>: We will be judged according to the law, but there is mercy for the merciful</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997506"></a>Romans <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%205:20&amp;version=KJV">5:20</a>: God sent the law to increase sin</span></p>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997580"></a>Romans <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%207:5&amp;version=KJV">7 5</a>: law works in our members to bring sin and death</span></p>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997384"></a>Romans <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%207:7&amp;version=KJV">7:7</a>, not know to covet had law not told me not to covet</span></p>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1 Cor. 15:56 "sinful passions...[are] coming into active exercise through the law" (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=mCBNAAAAMAAJ&amp;lpg=PA66&amp;ots=gbux7Eoat4&amp;dq=%22coming%20into%20active%20exercise%20through%20the%20law%22&amp;pg=PA66#v=onepage&amp;q=%22coming%20into%20active%20exercise%20through%20the%20law%22&amp;f=false">Tischendorf interpretation</a>); literally,&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">"the strength of sin is the law" (KJV / NIV)</span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997386"></a>James <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%201:13-15&amp;version=KJV">1:13-15</a>: God tempts no one. Desire causes sin which causes death</span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997392"></a>Gal <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=galatians%201:12-16&amp;version=KJV">1:12-16</a>, <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20corinthians%2012:1-7&amp;version=KJV">2 Cor.12:1-7</a> Paul did not learn from the other apostles but by direct revelation from Christ above</span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997394"></a>James <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%203:14-15&amp;version=KJV">3:14-15</a>: If you are jealous &amp; ambitious, do not boast &amp; lie. This isn't the wisdom that comes down from above.</span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997396"></a>Gal <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=galatians%201:20&amp;version=KJV">1:20</a> "before God, I do not lie!"</span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997398"></a>James <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%205:12&amp;version=KJV">5:12</a> Do not Swear by heaven or earth, but let your "yes" be yes and your "no" be no</span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997400"></a><a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20corinthians%209:15&amp;version=KJV">1Cor 9:15</a>, <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20corinthians%2010:14-15&amp;version=KJV">2 Cor 10:14-15</a>, <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20corinthians%2011:21-23&amp;version=KJV">11:21-23</a>, 2 Cor <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20corinthians%2012:11-12&amp;version=KJV">12:11-12</a>, Phil<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=philemon%203:8-9&amp;version=KJV"> 3:8-9</a>, I Thes <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20thessalonians%202:7-12&amp;version=KJV">2:7-12</a></span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997402"></a>James <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%203:5&amp;version=KJV">3:5</a>: Don't Boast!</span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997404"></a>Gal <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=galatians%201:8-9&amp;version=KJV">1:8-9</a>: Paul curses the one preaching "a different Gospel"</span></p>
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<p class="CellBody"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a name="pgfId=997406"></a>James <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=james%203:9&amp;version=KJV">3:9</a>: Don't curse!</span></p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18pt;">Augustine in 412 AD wrote that James' epistle, along with 1 John and 2 Peter were aimed to refute the faith alone doctrine found in Paul's writings, which Second Peter attributed to Paul's writings being "hard to understand" "nonsense" or "unintelligible" -- the three meanings of the Greek word dysnoetas in 2 Peter 3:16. So Augustine, after explaining that criticism of Paul by Apostle Peter, explained:</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px 30px; color: #494a44; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino;"><span style="line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 1;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">"Apostolic Epistles of [Second] Peter, John, James and Jude&nbsp;</span><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">direct their aim chiefly against it</strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">" [i.e., faith alone doctrine from Paul's "difficult to understand" words] so as&nbsp;</span><strong style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">to maintain with vehemance that faith without works profits not</strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">." &nbsp;(Augustine, Faith and Works (republished 1847) at&nbsp;</span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=07dWAAAAcAAJ&amp;dq=Seventeen%20Short%20Treatises%20of%20Augustine%20C.L.%20Cornish%20John%20H.%20Parker&amp;pg=PA57#v=onepage&amp;q=Apostolic%20Epistles%20of%20Peter,%20John,%20James%20and%20Jude&amp;f=false" style="color: #517291; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">57.</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 24px;">)</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">There was nothing subtle about this point in James' Epistle. Luther wrote: </span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">&ldquo;Many sweat hard at reconciling James with Paul, but <strong>unsuccessfully</strong>. &lsquo;Faith justifies&rsquo; [Romans 3:28] stands in flat contradiction to &lsquo;faith does not justify&rsquo; [James 2:24.] If anyone can harmonize these sayings, I&rsquo;ll put my doctor&rsquo;s cap on him and let him call me a fool.&rdquo; </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Quoted in Jason Van Vliet, Ed., <strong>Living Waters from Ancient Springs: Essays in Honor of Cornelis Van Dam</strong> (Wipf and Stock Publishers,&nbsp;2011) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UctMAwAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PA103&amp;dq=luther%20james%20contradicts%20Paul%20doctor's%20cap&amp;pg=PA103#v=onepage&amp;q=luther%20james%20contradicts%20Paul%20doctor's%20cap&amp;f=false">103.</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">In F.F. Powell's <span style="font-style: italic; color: #494a44; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial;">Robbing Peter to Pay Paul</span> (2009) at 67, Powell aptly says: "James <strong>obviously</strong> believes that Paul is adding <strong>an erroneous tenet to the gospel</strong>." </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Hence, there is good reason to believe James' Epistle is directed at Paul's writings, and at least that is how it was being typically construed in that much earlier era, the same as today. &nbsp;</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">STUDY NOTES&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18pt;">Some think they have solved the contradiction between James and Paul by claiming Paul had two senses of the word <strong>works</strong>. For example, Daniel Fuller in <strong>The Unity of the Bible</strong> (Zondervan: 2010) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c22N8Hx4mrsC&amp;lpg=PR98-IA39&amp;dq=If%20anyone%20can%20harmonize%20these%20sayings%2C%20I%E2%80%99ll%20put%20my%20doctor%E2%80%99s%20cap%20on%20him%20and%20let%20him%20call%20me%20a%20fool&amp;pg=PR98-IA39#v=onepage&amp;q=If%20anyone%20can%20harmonize%20these%20sayings,%20I%E2%80%99ll%20put%20my%20doctor%E2%80%99s%20cap%20on%20him%20and%20let%20him%20call%20me%20a%20fool&amp;f=false">xcviii</a> smugly says &ldquo;But Luther (and Calvin) did not enjoy the benefits of the rather recent movement in Biblical theology and so were apparently unaware that Paul used &lsquo;works&rsquo; in two different senses,&rdquo; and thus Luther &ldquo;unfortunately repudiated James as subcanonical.&rdquo;&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18pt;">However, Fuller&rsquo;s claim is besides the point. Paul says &ldquo;faith justifies&rdquo; (Romans 3:28.) James says &ldquo;faith without works does not justify&rdquo; (James 2:17). Because Paul does not use the word works in the verse at issue, Paul&rsquo;s usage of the word works elsewhere does not matter. It is James&rsquo; usage that matters. James is saying that such a claim that &ldquo;faith justifies&rdquo; is certainly deficient in something: works. He then uses Abraham&rsquo;s work of obedience with Isaac as the kind of work he has in mind that justifies. I am certain <strong>works</strong> in Paul means at least the kind of work that James had in mind. And so does every evangelical pastor of renown. Hence, if Paul had a second meaning of works, it is irrelevant. The question is did James have a reasonably correct understanding, and did James intend to contradict that. The answer is obvious.&nbsp;</p> </td>
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