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<td valign="top" >"It is not in the epistles we learn the fundamentals. We shall find those necessary points best in the preaching of our Savior." (John Locke (1696).)</td>
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<h1><span style="font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Unitarians - Their Wholesome Beginnings</span></h1>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Whether Unitarians are mostly theologically liberal today should not influence us to assess how they began. Theologically conservative Bible-believing Unitarians, like Anthony Buzzard, still remain.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The Unitarians appear to have begun in a completely orthodox manner to refute the trinity notion of &ldquo;three persons&rdquo; in One God. They cited the Bible principle that <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" alt="" style="float: right;" />God is one, and they did specialized word studies. The movement began with a friend of Martin Luther and Melancthon -- a man named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cellarius">Martin Cellarius</a> (1499-1564). He was the first to write in 1527 against the trinity concept in a work entitled <em>De Operibus Dei (Concerning the Workings of God)</em>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The unitarian movement then first appeared in Poland under the name of Arians or the Polish brethren. In 1660, they were then offered to repent or be exiled from Poland. When this law was executed, this spread the movement first to Holland. Some landed in Transylvania where the Unitarian movement had already formed congregations, and from which the modern Unitarians trace their origin. See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitarianism">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitarianism</a> (May 15, 2004). </span></p>
<p><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> In England, the leading proponent was John Biddle. The <em>Britannica Online</em> discusses his role in English Unitarianism. It appears the Bible was still the central reason for Unitarian dissent, not liberal theology: </span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">&ldquo;John Biddle (1615-62), an English Socinian, whose knowledge of the Greek text of the New Testament convinced him that the doctrine of the Trinity was not of scriptural origin, published his Unitarian convictions in Twelve Arguments Drawn out of Scripture . . . (1647).&rdquo;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Biddle&rsquo;s arguments were zealous for God, but perhaps too confident in use of sillogistic deduction from Scripture. For example, based on logic, he deduced even the Holy Spirit is not God, <em>e.g.,</em> since God is the giver of all things (Acts 17:25), and God gives the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit being given cannot be God. For his sillogistic argument, see <a href="http://www.bismikaallahuma.org/Doctrine/biddle.htm.">http://www.bismikaallahuma.org/Doctrine/biddle.htm.</a> Please note the centrality of Scripture in Biddle&rsquo;s argument, something that later among many Unitarians would change.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">More on Cellarius</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Cellarius' birthname was Martin Borrhaus. As many scholars did in that day, he latinized his last name, which for him was "Cellarius."</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Cellarius, interestingly, courageously believed that Jews had to be restored to their homeland for the restoration prophecies in the Bible to become fulfilled. See&nbsp;</span><em style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Hebrew Bible / Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation 2: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">&nbsp;(ed. Magne Saebo)(Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht&nbsp;2008)&nbsp;at&nbsp;</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OMlT-FViF40C&amp;lpg=PA474&amp;dq=martin%20cellarius&amp;pg=PA475#v=onepage&amp;q=martin%20cellarius&amp;f=false" style="color: #517291; text-decoration: underline; font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">475</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">. This is now well accepted among Christians that the prophecy has actually been fulfilled.&nbsp;But in that day, Bucer -- a Lutheran leader -- responded to Cellarius, and contended that those prophecies all belonged to Christians, and not Israel specifically. Hence, they were to be taken allegorically, not literally.&nbsp;<em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OMlT-FViF40C&amp;lpg=PA474&amp;dq=martin%20cellarius&amp;pg=PA480#v=onepage&amp;q=martin%20cellarius&amp;f=false">480</a>.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Cellarius interestingly contended Christians could no longer look down on Jews because Christians had likewise now been long under the influence of the Anti-Christ. By that, Cellarius meant the Roman Catholic Church.&nbsp;<em>Id.</em>, at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OMlT-FViF40C&amp;lpg=PA474&amp;dq=martin%20cellarius&amp;pg=PA475#v=onepage&amp;q=martin%20cellarius&amp;f=false"> 475</a>.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Of note, Cellarius was reputedly&nbsp;professor of theology at Geneva during the trial of Servetus. (Robert Wallace, <em>Antitrinitarian Biography</em> (Whitfield, 1850) Vol. 1 at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=geJDOcRVo0sC&amp;dq=martin%20cellarius&amp;pg=PA396#v=onepage&amp;q=martin%20cellarius&amp;f=false"> 396</a>.)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="color: #494a44; font-family: 'times new roman', times; line-height: 20px;" data-mce-mark="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p> </td>
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