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<h1><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">How Did Septuagint Use Verb Pisteuo Which in John Is Always Rendered as Believes?</span></strong></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">There are reasons to believe the King James and others wrongfuly assumed&nbsp;<em>pisteuo</em> always means believe, especially to skew John's Gospel in a Pauline slant.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In Isaiah 28:16, the Septuagint Greek translation of 257 BC from the Hebrew Bible, it renders a Hebrew word whose root was <em>aman</em> as <em>pisteuon</em> in Greek. (The Hebrew is&nbsp;ham&middot;ma&middot;&rsquo;a&middot;m&icirc;n. See Hebrew tab at <a href="http://biblehub.com/text/isaiah/28-16.htm">bible.hub for 28.16</a>)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, assuming the Septuagint made a proper translation, then&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> in Hebrew is a synonymn for&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em>, the verb. Then we should add to a dictionary definition of&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> whatever we find is the meaning in Hebrew of&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, right? So what does&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman&nbsp;</em>mean? And how is <em>aman</em> properly&nbsp;translated in the Hebrew Bible into English? Then we should update the dictionary meaning of&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em> to have at least the <em>Hebrew</em>&nbsp;meaning for <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em> which was equated in 257 BC with&nbsp;<em>pisteuo,&nbsp;</em></span>right?<img src="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/common/uploads/images/articles/biblical-faith.jpg" alt="jewish bible" width="140" height="137" style="float: right;" /></span><em><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">What Does Aman Mean in Hebrew Bible?</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">According to world-class scholar Jeff Benner in his&nbsp;<em>Ancient Hebrew Dictionary </em>(Foreign Language Study, 2009)&nbsp;at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=02muDVNFTCQC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=hebrew%20dictionary&amp;pg=PA69#v=snippet&amp;q=emunah&amp;f=false">69</a>&nbsp;he says the "Hebrew root word&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman&nbsp;</em>means firm, something that is supported and secure." Benner points out <em>aman</em>&nbsp;is used in Isaiah 22: 23 for a nail that is fastened "to a secure place." Benner later mentions&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em> again, and shows how it is <em><strong>erroneously translated</strong></em> as "believe," which he puts gingerly. At page 70 he writes: "The root of this word [<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>emet</em>]&nbsp;</span>is&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em>, a word often translated as&nbsp;<em>believe</em>, but <em><strong>more literally means 'support,'</strong></em> as we see in Isaiah 22:23." Benner adds that "a belief in Elohiym is <strong><em>not a mental exercise of knowing Elohiym exists but rather our responsibility to show him our support</em></strong>."&nbsp;<em>Id.</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=02muDVNFTCQC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=hebrew%20dictionary&amp;pg=PA70#v=snippet&amp;q=emunah&amp;f=false">70</a>.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18pt; color: black;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Another related word to consider is&nbsp;<em>emunah</em> which often is translated as 'believe' in English, but should not. Benner says that it derives from&nbsp;<em>aman. </em>He explains:</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Derived from this root [<em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">] is the word&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>emun,&nbsp;</em>meaning craftsman. A crafstman is one who is <em><strong>firm and secure</strong></em> in his talent. The feminine form of&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>emun</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> is&nbsp;<em>emunah</em>, meaning firmness, something or someone who is <em><strong>firm in their actions</strong></em>. When the word&nbsp;<em>emunah&nbsp;</em>is translated as 'faith,' as it often is, <em><strong>misconceptions</strong></em> of its meaning occurs. Faith is <strong><em>usually perceived as a knowing</em> </strong>while the Hebrew&nbsp;<em>emunah</em> is <strong><em>a firm action</em></strong>. To have faith in Elohiym is not knowing Elohiym exists or knowing he will act, rather it is that the one with&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>emunah</em> will <strong><em>act with firmness toward Elohiym's will</em></strong>."&nbsp;<em>Id.</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=02muDVNFTCQC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=hebrew%20dictionary&amp;pg=PA69#v=snippet&amp;q=emunah&amp;f=false">69</a>.</span></span></span></span></span><em><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, we read in Psalm 33:4 of God "all his work is done in faithfulness (<em>be-emunah</em>)." (Louis Jacobs,&nbsp;<em>Faith</em> (Wipf &amp; Stock Publishers, 2008) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OeVLAwAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PA7&amp;dq=emunah%20uses%20in%20bible&amp;pg=PA7#v=onepage&amp;q=emunah%20uses%20in%20bible&amp;f=false">7</a>.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Pauline Bias In This Area</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">As we proceed, we must be on guard from the incessant Pauline bias in this area. The reason is a Pauline bias will equate <em>aman</em> to&nbsp;"faith" because they know Paul used <em>pisteuo</em> for a translation of the Hebrew&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman in</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">&nbsp;Isaiah 28:16 (following the Septuagint translation of 257 BC), and they wish <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em> to mean faith. And even if <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pistos</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> means&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>trust&nbsp;</em>or&nbsp;<em>obedience</em> more&nbsp;than faith, they equate and conflate&nbsp;<em>trust</em> and&nbsp;<em>faith</em>&nbsp;(mere belief) when they are very different.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">As Claude Tresmontant in&nbsp;<em>Hebrew Christ: Language in the Age of the Gospel</em> (1989) explains at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-0kqAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=aman+in+hebrew&amp;dq=aman+in+hebrew&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ZFzWVM3MJoq1oQSi_ICQAg&amp;ved=0CC0Q6AEwAzha">151</a> "we moderns who speak about 'believing' and 'faith' <em><strong>are off the mark as far as the original meaning </strong></em>of these concepts."&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Claude says Paul has "played on the various meanings of the derivation of the Hebrew word&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em>," but "this is not immediately evident in the Greek translation."&nbsp;<em>Id.</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?ei=ZFzWVM3MJoq1oQSi_ICQAg&amp;id=-0kqAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=aman+in+hebrew&amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;q=aman">228</a>. Claude also decries "the <strong>error, distortion, falsification...when the Greek word&nbsp;</strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><em>pistis</em></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong> was translated as&nbsp;</strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><em>faith</em></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>.</strong>"&nbsp;<em>Id.</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?ei=ZFzWVM3MJoq1oQSi_ICQAg&amp;id=-0kqAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=aman+in+hebrew&amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;q=pistis">93</a>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The reason is that&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em> conveys a trust, steadfastness that mere&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>belief</em> would never convey, and thus Paul's use of a quote of Isaiah 28:16 with the word&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em>, unless rendered as 'steadfast following,' or 'obeying,' is misleading.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Here is an example of the problem of such blind bias from a typical popular author who defines&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em>&nbsp;very different from&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, and while defining&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em> to only mean faith, then equates it to&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em>, evidently aware of Paul's translation of Isaiah 28:16's&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> as&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuon</em>. The author ignores they are totally different, and pretends&nbsp;<em>aman</em> is saying the same thing as&nbsp;<em>pisteuo</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, and then pretends&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>trust</em> <em>in</em> is the same as&nbsp;<em>faith</em></span></span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">What is Faith?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">...The Hebrew root word [for faith] is aman which means "to support, to foster as a parent, to render firm and permanent, to go to the right hand." The Greek word for "faith" is pistos, and means to "trust, to trust in." &nbsp;(Tiffany Schmigotzki, Cheryl Gesing,&nbsp;<em>Undiscovered Treasure</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4oe4EMeiHs0C&amp;lpg=PA35&amp;dq=aman%20in%20hebrew&amp;pg=PA35#v=onepage&amp;q=aman%20in%20hebrew&amp;f=false">page 36</a>.)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This completely fails to see the words on the page, and does not carefully distinguish the word meanings. To render something 'firm' as&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> conveys<em>&nbsp;a&nbsp;</em>meaning of&nbsp;<em>pisteuo</em>&nbsp;that is more than simply a belief, and probably more than even simple&nbsp;<em>trust</em>.&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>Aman</em> conveys one is now a follower, one steadfastly following God, and not simply intellectually assenting something is true or will happen.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Faith-Alone Translations Are Modern Sadducees With Same Error Jesus Exposed&nbsp;</span></span></span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The Sadducees were so literal that they sucked the life out of the meaning of words. The Sadducees read the Law as never talking about eternal life. Adam's loss due to sin was supposedly permanent, and thus the Sadducees taught we die when we die. However, Jesus said, by the present tense name use of Jacob, Abraham, etc., God implied that He was the God of living beings, not dead and permanently gone ones. Thus, Jesus poured life into the meaning of God's repeated reference that He was the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. God is not the God of dead men, but of living men -- men sharing presence with God at that time -- their spirits.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Likewise, modern adherents of faith alone, always read Pistis the noun, Pistos the adjective, and Pisteuo the verb as "belief" "faithful" (which means obedient, but the "faith" component is used to justify a faith-spin), and "believe. They use the most narrow meaning despite the overwhelming evidence now that the Septuagint did not mean to convey the lowest most narrow element of faith alone, but the entire meaning of the word -- obedience, compliance, trust as well as acknowledgment -- and not merely the latter.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>Study Notes</strong></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">A usage of "trust" in the New Testament is clear in John 2:24. "Knowing the temperment of men, Jesus did not trust (pisteuo) himself to" them. In Habakkuk 2:4, in the Septuagint B version, it is pisteos (noun), and necessarily means "faithfulness" because it refers to something God has. Since God cannot have faith in himself, it necessarily means God has "faithfulness" toward the righteous. See <em>Romans Galatians Commentary</em> (Zondervan: 2011) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vsNDEHgdCVIC&amp;lpg=PA597&amp;ots=2XyBsrdJEr&amp;dq=pisteos%20in%20septuagint&amp;pg=PA597#v=onepage&amp;q=pisteos%20in%20septuagint&amp;f=false">597</a>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Pistis &nbsp;- Greek Mythology</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> In Greek, mythology, Pistis is a proper noun to signify a spirit-person who is trustworthy, has good faith, etc., who escaped Pandora's box. She is symbolized in Roman mythology by a person named Fides in Latin culture. Here is a Wikipedia article about <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistis">Pistis</a>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">In&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythology" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>,&nbsp;<strong>Pistis</strong><sup style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.2px; white-space: nowrap;">[<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation"><span title="This word should have a pronunciation transcription or recording.">pronunciation?</span></a></em>]</sup>&nbsp;(&Pi;?&sigma;&tau;&iota;&sigmaf;) was the personification of good faith, trust and reliability. She is mentioned together with such other personifications as&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elpis" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Elpis">Elpis</a>(Hope),&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophrosyne" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Sophrosyne">Sophrosyne</a>&nbsp;(Prudence), and the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charites" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Charites">Charites</a>, who were all associated with honesty and harmony among people.<sup id="cite_ref-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistis#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Her&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythology" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Roman mythology">Roman</a>&nbsp;equivalent was&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fides_(mythology)" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Fides (mythology)">Fides</a>, a personified concept significant in Roman culture.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Additionally, a close linkage between pistis and persuasion developed through the discussion of faith and was further morphed by an understanding of pistis as a rhetorical technique.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimaldi1957_2-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistis#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimaldi1957-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Listen also to this key discussion in a Theological Dictionary called the <a href="http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Pistis.html">Theoi Project </a>that explains Pistis was a spirit being symbolizing Trust, honesty and good faith, and thus FAITH in this sense was an Actor, not an intellectual event. Paul was involved in the theater, and perhaps he borrowed the Literary meaning of PISTIS more than its&nbsp;<em>literal</em> meaning. Here is what Theoi Project records in its article <a href="http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Pistis.html">Pistis:</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 13px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">PISTIS was the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theoi.com/greek-mythology/personifications.html" style="color: #4a6177;">spirit</a>&nbsp;(<em>daimona</em>) of trust, honesty and good faith. She was one of the good spirits who escaped&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theoi.com/Heroine/Pandora.html" style="color: #4a6177;">Pandora</a>'s box and fled back to heaven abandoning mankind. Her Roman name was Fides, and her opposite number&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Apate.html" style="color: #4a6177;">Apate</a>&nbsp;(Deception) and the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Pseudologoi.html" style="color: #4a6177;">Pseudologoi</a>&nbsp;(Lies).</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 5px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; color: #415b83; background-color: #fffff8;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">PARENTS</span></td>
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<td style="font-size: 12px; color: #4a6177; padding: 5px; background-color: #fffef8;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Perhaps a daughter of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Zeus.html" style="color: #4a6177;">ZEUS</a>, though nowhere stated</span></td>
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<p style="font-size: 13px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Theognis, Fragment 1. 1135 (trans. Gerber, Vol. Greek Elegiac) (Greek elegy C6th B.C.) :&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"Elpis (Hope) is the only good god remaining among mankind; the others have left and gone to Olympos. Pistis (Trust), a mighty god has gone, Sophrosyne (Restraint) has gone from men, and the Kharites (Charites, Graces), my friend, have abandoned the earth. Men's judicial oaths are no longer to be trusted, nor does anyone revere the immortal gods; the race of pious men has perished and men no longer recognize the rules of conduct or acts of piety."</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 13px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Ovid, Metamorphoses 5. 43 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :</span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"[King Kepheus' (Cepheus') brother Phineus attempts to kill Perseus when the hero is awarded his fianc&eacute; Andromeda:] Cepheus left the hall, calling Fides [Pistis, Faith], Jus [Dike, Justice] and the Di Hospitii (Gods of Hospitality) to bear him witness that what was done defied his word and will."</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 13px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Statius, Thebaid 11. 98 ff (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic C1st A.D.) :</span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"[One Erinys addresses another:] &lsquo;'Tis no common fray or Martian battle we prepare, but brothers--though kindly Fides [Pistis, Faith] and Pietas [Eusebia, Duty] resist [the brothers engaging one another in battle], they will be o'ercome.&rsquo;"</span></p>
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<p style="font-style: italic; font-size: 13px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><a href="http://www.theoi.com/Bibliography.html" style="color: #4a6177;">Sources</a>:</span></p>
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<li style="list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: circle; font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Greek Elegaic Theognis, Fragments&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 10px; color: #a3a3a3;">&ndash; Greek Elegaic C6th B.C.</span></span></li>
<li style="list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: circle; font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Ovid, Metamorphoses&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 10px; color: #a3a3a3;">- Latin Epic C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.</span></span></li>
<li style="list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: circle; font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Statius, Thebaid&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 10px; color: #a3a3a3;">- Latin Epic C1st A.D.</span></span></li>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t_9NkGsNtcYC&amp;lpg=PA93&amp;dq=aman%20in%20hebrew&amp;pg=PA93#v=onepage&amp;q=aman%20in%20hebrew&amp;f=false"></a></span></span></p>
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