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'''Kivy Language
=============
The Kivy language is a language dedicated to describing user interface and
interactions. You could compare this language to Qt's QML
(http://qt.nokia.com), but we included new concepts such as rule definitions
(which are somewhat akin to what you may know from CSS), templating and so on.
.. versionchanged:: 1.7.0
The Builder doesn't execute canvas expressions in realtime anymore. It will
pack all the expressions that need to be executed first and execute them
after dispatching input, just before drawing the frame. If you want to
force the execution of canvas drawing, just call
:meth:`Builder.sync <BuilderBase.sync>`.
An experimental profiling tool for the kv lang is also included. You can
activate it by setting the environment variable `KIVY_PROFILE_LANG=1`.
It will then generate an html file named `builder_stats.html`.
Overview
--------
The language consists of several constructs that you can use:
Rules
A rule is similar to a CSS rule. A rule applies to specific widgets (or
classes thereof) in your widget tree and modifies them in a
certain way.
You can use rules to specify interactive behavior or use them to add
graphical representations of the widgets they apply to.
You can target a specific class of widgets (similar to the CSS
concept of a *class*) by using the ``cls`` attribute (e.g.
``cls=MyTestWidget``).
A Root Widget
You can use the language to create your entire user interface.
A kv file must contain only one root widget at most.
Dynamic Classes
*(introduced in version 1.7.0)*
Dynamic classes let you create new widgets and rules on-the-fly,
without any Python declaration.
Templates (deprecated)
*(introduced in version 1.0.5, deprecated from version 1.7.0)*
Templates were used to populate parts of an application, such as
styling the content of a list (e.g. icon on the left, text on the
right). They are now deprecated by dynamic classes.
Syntax of a kv File
-------------------
.. highlight:: kv
A Kivy language file must have ``.kv`` as filename extension.
The content of the file should always start with the Kivy header, where
`version` must be replaced with the Kivy language version you're using.
For now, use 1.0::
#:kivy `1.0`
# content here
The `content` can contain rule definitions, a root widget, dynamic class
definitions and templates::
# Syntax of a rule definition. Note that several Rules can share the same
# definition (as in CSS). Note the braces: they are part of the definition.
<Rule1,Rule2>:
# .. definitions ..
<Rule3>:
# .. definitions ..
# Syntax for creating a root widget
RootClassName:
# .. definitions ..
# Syntax for creating a dynamic class
<NewWidget@BaseClass>:
# .. definitions ..
# Syntax for creating a template
[TemplateName@BaseClass1,BaseClass2]:
# .. definitions ..
Regardless of whether it's a rule, root widget, dynamic class or
template you're defining, the definition should look like this::
# With the braces it's a rule. Without them, it's a root widget.
<ClassName>:
prop1: value1
prop2: value2
canvas:
CanvasInstruction1:
canvasprop1: value1
CanvasInstruction2:
canvasprop2: value2
AnotherClass:
prop3: value1
Here `prop1` and `prop2` are the properties of `ClassName` and `prop3` is the
property of `AnotherClass`. If the widget doesn't have a property with
the given name, an :class:`~kivy.properties.ObjectProperty` will be
automatically created and added to the widget.
`AnotherClass` will be created and added as a child of the `ClassName`
instance.
- The indentation is important and must be consistent. The spacing must be a
multiple of the number of spaces used on the first indented line. Spaces
are encouraged: mixing tabs and spaces is not recommended.
- The value of a property must be given on a single line (for now at least).
- Keep class names capitalized to avoid syntax errors.
- The `canvas` property is special: you can put graphics instructions in it
to create a graphical representation of the current class.
Here is a simple example of a kv file that contains a root widget::
#:kivy 1.0
Button:
text: 'Hello world'
.. versionchanged:: 1.7.0
The indentation is not limited to 4 spaces anymore. The spacing must be a
multiple of the number of spaces used on the first indented line.
Both the :meth:`~BuilderBase.load_file` and the
:meth:`~BuilderBase.load_string` methods
return the root widget defined in your kv file/string. They will also add any
class and template definitions to the :class:`~kivy.factory.Factory` for later
usage.
Value Expressions, on_property Expressions, ids, and Reserved Keywords
---------------------------------------------------------------------
When you specify a property's value, the value is evaluated as a Python
expression. This expression can be static or dynamic, which means that
the value can use the values of other properties using reserved keywords.
self
The keyword self references the "current widget instance"::
Button:
text: 'My state is %s' % self.state
root
This keyword is available only in rule definitions and represents the
root widget of the rule (the first instance of the rule)::
<MyWidget>:
custom: 'Hello world'
Button:
text: root.custom
app
This keyword always refers to your app instance. It's equivalent
to a call to :meth:`kivy.app.App.get_running_app` in Python. ::
Label:
text: app.name
args
This keyword is available in on_<action> callbacks. It refers to the
arguments passed to the callback. ::
TextInput:
on_focus: self.insert_text("Focus" if args[1] else "No focus")
.. versionchanged:: 2.1.0
f-strings are now parsed in value expressions, allowing to bind to the
properties that they contain.
.. kv-lang-ids:
ids
~~~
Class definitions may contain ids which can be used as a keywords:::
<MyWidget>:
Button:
id: btn1
Button:
text: 'The state of the other button is %s' % btn1.state
Please note that the `id` will not be available in the widget instance:
it is used exclusively for external references. `id` is a weakref to the
widget, and not the widget itself. The widget itself can be accessed
with `<id>.__self__` (`btn1.__self__` in this case).
When the kv file is processed, weakrefs to all the widgets tagged with ids are
added to the root widget's `ids` dictionary. In other words, following on from
the example above, the buttons state could also be accessed as follows:
.. code-block:: python
widget = MyWidget()
state = widget.ids["btn1"].state
# Or, as an alternative syntax,
state = widget.ids.btn1.state
Note that the outermost widget applies the kv rules to all its inner widgets
before any other rules are applied. This means if an inner widget contains ids,
these ids may not be available during the inner widget's `__init__` function.
Valid expressions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
There are two places that accept python statements in a kv file:
after a property, which assigns to the property the result of the expression
(such as the text of a button as shown above) and after a on_property, which
executes the statement when the property is updated (such as on_state).
In the former case, the
`expression <http://docs.python.org/2/reference/expressions.html>`_ can only
span a single line, cannot be extended to multiple lines using newline
escaping, and must return a value. An example of a valid expression is
``text: self.state and ('up' if self.state == 'normal' else 'down')``.
In the latter case, multiple single line statements are valid, including
those that escape their newline, as long as they don't add an indentation
level.
Examples of valid statements are:
.. code-block:: python
on_press: if self.state == 'normal': print('normal')
on_state:
if self.state == 'normal': print('normal')
else: print('down')
if self.state == 'normal': \\
print('multiline normal')
for i in range(10): print(i)
print([1,2,3,4,
5,6,7])
An example of a invalid statement:
.. code-block:: python
on_state:
if self.state == 'normal':
print('normal')
Relation Between Values and Properties
--------------------------------------
When you use the Kivy language, you might notice that we do some work
behind the scenes to automatically make things work properly. You should
know that :doc:`api-kivy.properties` implement the
`Observer Design Pattern <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_pattern>`_.
That means that you can bind your own function to be
called when the value of a property changes (i.e. you passively
`observe` the property for potential changes).
The Kivy language detects properties in your `value` expression and will create
callbacks to automatically update the property via your expression when changes
occur.
Here's a simple example that demonstrates this behavior::
Button:
text: str(self.state)
In this example, the parser detects that `self.state` is a dynamic value (a
property). The :attr:`~kivy.uix.button.Button.state` property of the button
can change at any moment (when the user touches it).
We now want this button to display its own state as text, even as the state
changes. To do this, we use the state property of the Button and use it in the
value expression for the button's `text` property, which controls what text is
displayed on the button (We also convert the state to a string representation).
Now, whenever the button state changes, the text property will be updated
automatically.
Remember: The value is a python expression! That means that you can do
something more interesting like::
Button:
text: 'Plop world' if self.state == 'normal' else 'Release me!'
The Button text changes with the state of the button. By default, the button
text will be 'Plop world', but when the button is being pressed, the text will
change to 'Release me!'.
More precisely, the kivy language parser detects all substrings of the form
`X.a.b` where `X` is `self` or `root` or `app` or a known id, and `a` and `b`
are properties: it then adds the appropriate dependencies to cause the
constraint to be reevaluated whenever something changes. For example,
this works exactly as expected::
<IndexedExample>:
beta: self.a.b[self.c.d]
However, due to limitations in the parser which hopefully may be lifted in the
future, the following doesn't work::
<BadExample>:
beta: self.a.b[self.c.d].e.f
indeed the `.e.f` part is not recognized because it doesn't follow the expected
pattern, and so, does not result in an appropriate dependency being setup.
Instead, an intermediate property should be introduced to allow the following
constraint::
<GoodExample>:
alpha: self.a.b[self.c.d]
beta: self.alpha.e.f
In addition, properties in python f-strings are also not yet supported::
<FStringExample>:
text: f"I want to use {self.a} in property"
Instead, the ``format()`` method should be used::
<FormatStringExample>:
text: "I want to use {} in property".format(self.a)
Graphical Instructions
----------------------
The graphical instructions are a special part of the Kivy language. They are
handled by the 'canvas' property definition::
Widget:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: (1, 1, 1)
Rectangle:
size: self.size
pos: self.pos
All the classes added inside the canvas property must be derived from the
:class:`~kivy.graphics.Instruction` class. You cannot put any Widget class
inside the canvas property (as that would not make sense because a
widget is not a graphics instruction).
If you want to do theming, you'll have the same question as in CSS: which rules
have been executed first? In our case, the rules are executed
in processing order (i.e. top-down).
If you want to change how Buttons are rendered, you can create your own kv file
and add something like this::
<Button>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: (1, 0, 0)
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.texture_size
texture: self.texture
This will result in buttons having a red background with the label in the
bottom left, in addition to all the preceding rules.
You can clear all the previous instructions by using the `Clear` command::
<Button>:
canvas:
Clear
Color:
rgb: (1, 0, 0)
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.texture_size
texture: self.texture
Then, only your rules that follow the `Clear` command will be taken into
consideration.
.. _dynamic_classes:
Dynamic classes
---------------
Dynamic classes allow you to create new widgets on-the-fly, without any python
declaration in the first place. The syntax of the dynamic classes is similar to
the Rules, but you need to specify the base classes you want to
subclass.
The syntax looks like:
.. code-block:: kv
# Simple inheritance
<NewWidget@Button>:
# kv code here ...
# Multiple inheritance
<NewWidget@ButtonBehavior+Label>:
# kv code here ...
The `@` character is used to separate your class name from the classes you want
to subclass. The Python equivalent would have been:
.. code-block:: python
# Simple inheritance
class NewWidget(Button):
pass
# Multiple inheritance
class NewWidget(ButtonBehavior, Label):
pass
Any new properties, usually added in python code, should be declared
first. If the property doesn't exist in the dynamic class, it will be
automatically created as an :class:`~kivy.properties.ObjectProperty`
(pre 1.8.0) or as an appropriate typed property (from version
1.8.0).
.. versionchanged:: 1.8.0
If the property value is an expression that can be evaluated right away (no
external binding), then the value will be used as default value of the
property, and the type of the value will be used for the specialization of
the Property class. In other terms: if you declare `hello: "world"`, a new
:class:`~kivy.properties.StringProperty` will be instantiated, with the
default value `"world"`. Lists, tuples, dictionaries and strings are
supported.
Let's illustrate the usage of these dynamic classes with an
implementation of a basic Image button. We could derive our classes from
the Button and just add a property for the image filename:
.. code-block:: kv
<ImageButton@Button>:
source: None
Image:
source: root.source
pos: root.pos
size: root.size
# let's use the new classes in another rule:
<MainUI>:
BoxLayout:
ImageButton:
source: 'hello.png'
on_press: root.do_something()
ImageButton:
source: 'world.png'
on_press: root.do_something_else()
In Python, you can create an instance of the dynamic class as follows:
.. code-block:: python
from kivy.factory import Factory
button_inst = Factory.ImageButton()
.. note::
Using dynamic classes, a child class can be declared before its parent.
This however, leads to the unintuitive situation where the parent
properties/methods override those of the child. Be careful if you choose
to do this.
.. _template_usage:
Templates
---------
.. versionchanged:: 1.7.0
Template usage is now deprecated. Please use Dynamic classes instead.
Syntax of templates
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Using a template in Kivy requires 2 things :
#. a context to pass for the context (will be ctx inside template).
#. a kv definition of the template.
Syntax of a template:
.. code-block:: kv
# With only one base class
[ClassName@BaseClass]:
# .. definitions ..
# With more than one base class
[ClassName@BaseClass1,BaseClass2]:
# .. definitions ..
For example, for a list, you'll need to create a entry with a image on
the left, and a label on the right. You can create a template for making
that definition easier to use.
So, we'll create a template that uses 2 entries in the context: an image
filename and a title:
.. code-block:: kv
[IconItem@BoxLayout]:
Image:
source: ctx.image
Label:
text: ctx.title
Then in Python, you can instantiate the template using:
.. code-block:: python
from kivy.lang import Builder
# create a template with hello world + an image
# the context values should be passed as kwargs to the Builder.template
# function
icon1 = Builder.template('IconItem', title='Hello world',
image='myimage.png')
# create a second template with other information
ctx = {'title': 'Another hello world',
'image': 'myimage2.png'}
icon2 = Builder.template('IconItem', **ctx)
# and use icon1 and icon2 as other widget.
Template example
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Most of time, when you are creating a screen in the kv lang, you use a lot of
redefinitions. In our example, we'll create a Toolbar, based on a
BoxLayout, and put in a few :class:`~kivy.uix.image.Image` widgets that
will react to the *on_touch_down* event.
.. code-block:: kv
<MyToolbar>:
BoxLayout:
Image:
source: 'data/text.png'
size: self.texture_size
size_hint: None, None
on_touch_down: self.collide_point(*args[1].pos) and\
root.create_text()
Image:
source: 'data/image.png'
size: self.texture_size
size_hint: None, None
on_touch_down: self.collide_point(*args[1].pos) and\
root.create_image()
Image:
source: 'data/video.png'
size: self.texture_size
size_hint: None, None
on_touch_down: self.collide_point(*args[1].pos) and\
root.create_video()
We can see that the size and size_hint attribute are exactly the same.
More than that, the callback in on_touch_down and the image are changing.
These can be the variable part of the template that we can put into a context.
Let's try to create a template for the Image:
.. code-block:: kv
[ToolbarButton@Image]:
# This is the same as before
size: self.texture_size
size_hint: None, None
# Now, we are using the ctx for the variable part of the template
source: 'data/%s.png' % ctx.image
on_touch_down: self.collide_point(*args[1].pos) and ctx.callback()
The template can be used directly in the MyToolbar rule:
.. code-block:: kv
<MyToolbar>:
BoxLayout:
ToolbarButton:
image: 'text'
callback: root.create_text
ToolbarButton:
image: 'image'
callback: root.create_image
ToolbarButton:
image: 'video'
callback: root.create_video
That's all :)
Template limitations
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
When you are creating a context:
#. you cannot use references other than "root":
.. code-block:: kv
<MyRule>:
Widget:
id: mywidget
value: 'bleh'
Template:
ctxkey: mywidget.value # << fail, this references the id
# mywidget
#. not all of the dynamic parts will be understood:
.. code-block:: kv
<MyRule>:
Template:
ctxkey: 'value 1' if root.prop1 else 'value2' # << even if
# root.prop1 is a property, if it changes value, ctxkey
# will not be updated
Template definitions also replace any similarly named definitions in their
entirety and thus do not support inheritance.
.. _redefining-style:
Redefining a widget's style
---------------------------
Sometimes we would like to inherit from a widget in order to use its Python
properties without also using its .kv defined style. For example, we would
like to inherit from a Label, but we would also like to define our own
canvas instructions instead of automatically using the canvas instructions
inherited from the Label. We can achieve this by prepending a dash (-) before
the class name in the .kv style definition.
In myapp.py:
.. code-block:: python
class MyWidget(Label):
pass
and in my.kv:
.. code-block:: kv
<-MyWidget>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: 1, 1, 1
Rectangle:
size: (32, 32)
MyWidget will now have a Color and Rectangle instruction in its canvas
without any of the instructions inherited from the Label.
Redefining a widget's property style
------------------------------------
Similar to :ref:`redefining style <redefining-style>`, sometimes we
would like to inherit from a widget, keep all its KV defined styles, except for
the style applied to a specific property. For example, we would
like to inherit from a :class:`~kivy.uix.button.Button`, but we would also
like to set our own `state_image`, rather then relying on the
`background_normal` and `background_down` values. We can achieve this by
prepending a dash (-) before the `state_image` property name in the .kv style
definition.
In myapp.py:
.. code-block:: python
class MyWidget(Button):
new_background = StringProperty('my_background.png')
and in my.kv:
.. code-block:: kv
<MyWidget>:
-state_image: self.new_background
MyWidget will now have a `state_image` background set only by `new_background`,
and not by any previous styles that may have set `state_image`.
.. note::
Although the previous rules are cleared, they are still applied during
widget construction and are only removed when the new rule with the dash
is reached. This means that initially, previous rules could be used to set
the property.
Order of kwargs and KV rule application
---------------------------------------
Properties can be initialized in KV as well as in python. For example, in KV:
.. code-block:: kv
<MyRule@Widget>:
text: 'Hello'
ramp: 45.
order: self.x + 10
Then `MyRule()` would initialize all three kivy properties to
the given KV values. Separately in python, if the properties already exist as
kivy properties one can do for example `MyRule(line='Bye', side=55)`.
However, what will be the final values of the properties when
`MyRule(text='Bye', order=55)` is executed? The quick rule is that python
initialization is stronger than KV initialization only for constant rules.
Specifically, the `kwargs` provided to the python initializer are always
applied first. So in the above example, `text` is set to
`'Bye'` and `order` is set to `55`. Then, all the KV rules are applied, except
those constant rules that overwrite a python initializer provided value.
That is, the KV rules that do not creates bindings such as `text: 'Hello'`
and `ramp: 45.`, if a value for that property has been provided in python, then
that rule will not be applied.
So in the `MyRule(text='Bye', order=55)` example, `text` will be `'Bye'`,
`ramp` will be `45.`, and `order`, which creates a binding, will first be set
to `55`, but then when KV rules are applied will end up being whatever
`self.x + 10` is.
.. versionchanged:: 1.9.1
Before, KV rules always overwrote the python values, now, python values
are not overwritten by constant rules.
Lang Directives
---------------
You can use directives to add declarative commands, such as imports or constant
definitions, to the lang files. Directives are added as comments in the
following format:
.. code-block:: kv
#:<directivename> <options>
import <package>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. versionadded:: 1.0.5
Syntax:
.. code-block:: kv
#:import <alias> <package>
You can import a package by writing:
.. code-block:: kv
#:import os os
<Rule>:
Button:
text: os.getcwd()
Or more complex:
.. code-block:: kv
#:import ut kivy.utils
<Rule>:
canvas:
Color:
rgba: ut.get_random_color()
.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
You can directly import classes from a module:
.. code-block:: kv
#: import Animation kivy.animation.Animation
<Rule>:
on_prop: Animation(x=.5).start(self)
set <key> <expr>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. versionadded:: 1.0.6
Syntax:
.. code-block:: kv
#:set <key> <expr>
Set a key that will be available anywhere in the kv. For example:
.. code-block:: kv
#:set my_color (.4, .3, .4)
#:set my_color_hl (.5, .4, .5)
<Rule>:
state: 'normal'
canvas:
Color:
rgb: my_color if self.state == 'normal' else my_color_hl
include <file>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. versionadded:: 1.9.0
Syntax:
.. code-block:: kv
#:include [force] <file>
Includes an external kivy file. This allows you to split complex
widgets into their own files. If the include is forced, the file
will first be unloaded and then reloaded again. For example:
.. code-block:: kv
# Test.kv
#:include mycomponent.kv
#:include force mybutton.kv
<Rule>:
state: 'normal'
MyButton:
MyComponent:
.. code-block:: kv
# mycomponent.kv
#:include mybutton.kv
<MyComponent>:
MyButton:
.. code-block:: kv
# mybutton.kv
<MyButton>:
canvas:
Color:
rgb: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: (self.size[0]/4, self.size[1]/4)
'''
from kivy.lang.builder import (Observable, Builder, BuilderBase,
BuilderException)
from kivy.lang.parser import Parser, ParserException, global_idmap
__all__ = ('Observable', 'Builder', 'BuilderBase', 'BuilderException',
'Parser', 'ParserException', 'global_idmap')

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'''
Parser
======
Class used for the parsing of .kv files into rules.
'''
import os
import re
import sys
import traceback
import ast
import importlib
from re import sub, findall
from types import CodeType
from functools import partial
from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict
import kivy.lang.builder # imported as absolute to avoid circular import
from kivy.logger import Logger
from kivy.cache import Cache
from kivy import require
from kivy.resources import resource_find
from kivy.utils import rgba
import kivy.metrics as Metrics
__all__ = ('Parser', 'ParserException')
trace = Logger.trace
global_idmap = {}
# register cache for creating new classtype (template)
Cache.register('kv.lang')
# all previously included files
__KV_INCLUDES__ = []
# precompile regexp expression
str_re = (
"(?:'''.*?''')|"
"(?:(?:(?<!')|''')'(?:[^']|\\\\')+?'(?:(?!')|'''))|"
'(?:""".*?""")|'
'(?:(?:(?<!")|""")"(?:[^"]|\\\\")+?"(?:(?!")|"""))'
)
lang_str = re.compile(f"({str_re})", re.DOTALL)
lang_fstr = re.compile(f"([fF](?:{str_re}))", re.DOTALL)
lang_key = re.compile('([a-zA-Z_]+)')
lang_keyvalue = re.compile(r'([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_.]*\.[a-zA-Z0-9_.]+)')
lang_tr = re.compile(r'(_\()')
lang_cls_split_pat = re.compile(', *')
# all the widget handlers, used to correctly unbind all the callbacks then the
# widget is deleted
_handlers = defaultdict(partial(defaultdict, list))
class ProxyApp(object):
# proxy app object
# taken from http://code.activestate.com/recipes/496741-object-proxying/
__slots__ = ['_obj']
def __init__(self):
object.__init__(self)
object.__setattr__(self, '_obj', None)
def _ensure_app(self):
app = object.__getattribute__(self, '_obj')
if app is None:
from kivy.app import App
app = App.get_running_app()
object.__setattr__(self, '_obj', app)
# Clear cached application instance, when it stops
app.bind(on_stop=lambda instance:
object.__setattr__(self, '_obj', None))
return app
def __getattribute__(self, name):
object.__getattribute__(self, '_ensure_app')()
return getattr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_obj'), name)
def __delattr__(self, name):
object.__getattribute__(self, '_ensure_app')()
delattr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_obj'), name)
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
object.__getattribute__(self, '_ensure_app')()
setattr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_obj'), name, value)
def __bool__(self):
object.__getattribute__(self, '_ensure_app')()
return bool(object.__getattribute__(self, '_obj'))
def __str__(self):
object.__getattribute__(self, '_ensure_app')()
return str(object.__getattribute__(self, '_obj'))
def __repr__(self):
object.__getattribute__(self, '_ensure_app')()
return repr(object.__getattribute__(self, '_obj'))
global_idmap['app'] = ProxyApp()
global_idmap['pt'] = Metrics.pt
global_idmap['inch'] = Metrics.inch
global_idmap['cm'] = Metrics.cm
global_idmap['mm'] = Metrics.mm
global_idmap['dp'] = Metrics.dp
global_idmap['sp'] = Metrics.sp
global_idmap['rgba'] = rgba
class ParserException(Exception):
'''Exception raised when something wrong happened in a kv file.
'''
def __init__(self, context, line, message, cause=None):
self.filename = context.filename or '<inline>'
self.line = line
sourcecode = context.sourcecode
sc_start = max(0, line - 2)
sc_stop = min(len(sourcecode), line + 3)
sc = ['...']
for x in range(sc_start, sc_stop):
if x == line:
sc += ['>> %4d:%s' % (line + 1, sourcecode[line][1])]
else:
sc += [' %4d:%s' % (x + 1, sourcecode[x][1])]
sc += ['...']
sc = '\n'.join(sc)
message = 'Parser: File "%s", line %d:\n%s\n%s' % (
self.filename, self.line + 1, sc, message)
if cause:
message += '\n' + ''.join(traceback.format_tb(cause))
super(ParserException, self).__init__(message)
class ParserRuleProperty(object):
'''Represent a property inside a rule.
'''
__slots__ = ('ctx', 'line', 'name', 'value', 'co_value',
'watched_keys', 'mode', 'count', 'ignore_prev')
def __init__(self, ctx, line, name, value, ignore_prev=False):
super(ParserRuleProperty, self).__init__()
#: Associated parser
self.ctx = ctx
#: Line of the rule
self.line = line
#: Name of the property
self.name = name
#: Value of the property
self.value = value
#: Compiled value
self.co_value = None
#: Compilation mode
self.mode = None
#: Watched keys
self.watched_keys = None
#: Stats
self.count = 0
#: whether previous rules targeting name should be cleared
self.ignore_prev = ignore_prev
def precompile(self):
name = self.name
value = self.value
# first, remove all the string from the value
tmp = sub(lang_str, '', self.value)
# detecting how to handle the value according to the key name
mode = self.mode
if self.mode is None:
self.mode = mode = 'exec' if name[:3] == 'on_' else 'eval'
if mode == 'eval':
# if we don't detect any string/key in it, we can eval and give the
# result
if re.search(lang_key, tmp) is None:
value = '\n' * self.line + value
self.co_value = eval(
compile(value, self.ctx.filename or '<string>', 'eval')
)
return
# ok, we can compile.
value = '\n' * self.line + value
self.co_value = compile(value, self.ctx.filename or '<string>', mode)
# for exec mode, we don't need to watch any keys.
if mode == 'exec':
return
# now, detect obj.prop
# find all the fstrings in the value
fstrings = lang_fstr.findall(value)
wk = set()
for s in fstrings:
expression = ast.parse(s)
wk |= set(self.get_names_from_expression(expression.body[0].value))
# first, remove all the string from the value
tmp = sub(lang_str, '', value)
idx = tmp.find('#')
if idx != -1:
tmp = tmp[:idx]
# detect key.value inside value, and split them
wk |= set(findall(lang_keyvalue, tmp))
if wk:
self.watched_keys = [x.split('.') for x in wk]
if findall(lang_tr, tmp):
if self.watched_keys:
self.watched_keys += [['_']]
else:
self.watched_keys = [['_']]
@classmethod
def get_names_from_expression(cls, node):
"""
Look for all the symbols used in an ast node.
"""
if isinstance(node, ast.Name):
yield node.id
if isinstance(node, (ast.JoinedStr, ast.BoolOp)):
for n in node.values:
if isinstance(n, ast.Str):
# NOTE: required for python3.6
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(n.s)
else:
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(n.value)
if isinstance(node, ast.BinOp):
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.right)
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.left)
if isinstance(node, ast.IfExp):
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.test)
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.body)
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.orelse)
if isinstance(node, ast.Subscript):
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.value)
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.slice)
if isinstance(node, ast.Slice):
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.lower)
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.upper)
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.step)
if isinstance(
node,
(ast.ListComp, ast.DictComp, ast.SetComp, ast.GeneratorExp)
):
for g in node.generators:
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(g.iter)
if isinstance(node, (ast.List, ast.Tuple, ast.Set)):
for elt in node.elts:
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(elt)
if isinstance(node, ast.Dict):
for val in node.values:
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(val)
if isinstance(node, ast.UnaryOp):
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.operand)
if isinstance(node, ast.comprehension):
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.iter.value)
if isinstance(node, ast.Attribute):
if isinstance(node.value, ast.Name):
yield f'{node.value.id}.{node.attr}'
if isinstance(node, ast.Call):
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(node.func)
for arg in node.args:
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(arg)
for keyword in node.keywords:
yield from cls.get_names_from_expression(keyword.value)
def __repr__(self):
return '<ParserRuleProperty name=%r filename=%s:%d ' \
'value=%r watched_keys=%r>' % (
self.name, self.ctx.filename, self.line + 1,
self.value, self.watched_keys)
class ParserRule(object):
'''Represents a rule, in terms of the Kivy internal language.
'''
__slots__ = ('ctx', 'line', 'name', 'children', 'id', 'properties',
'canvas_before', 'canvas_root', 'canvas_after',
'handlers', 'level', 'cache_marked', 'avoid_previous_rules')
def __init__(self, ctx, line, name, level):
super(ParserRule, self).__init__()
#: Level of the rule in the kv
self.level = level
#: Associated parser
self.ctx = ctx
#: Line of the rule
self.line = line
#: Name of the rule
self.name = name
#: List of children to create
self.children = []
#: Id given to the rule
self.id = None
#: Properties associated to the rule
self.properties = OrderedDict()
#: Canvas normal
self.canvas_root = None
#: Canvas before
self.canvas_before = None
#: Canvas after
self.canvas_after = None
#: Handlers associated to the rule
self.handlers = []
#: Properties cache list: mark which class have already been checked
self.cache_marked = []
#: Indicate if any previous rules should be avoided.
self.avoid_previous_rules = False
if level == 0:
self._detect_selectors()
else:
self._forbid_selectors()
def precompile(self):
for x in self.properties.values():
x.precompile()
for x in self.handlers:
x.precompile()
for x in self.children:
x.precompile()
if self.canvas_before:
self.canvas_before.precompile()
if self.canvas_root:
self.canvas_root.precompile()
if self.canvas_after:
self.canvas_after.precompile()
def create_missing(self, widget):
# check first if the widget class already been processed by this rule
cls = widget.__class__
if cls in self.cache_marked:
return
self.cache_marked.append(cls)
for name in self.properties:
if hasattr(widget, name):
continue
value = self.properties[name].co_value
if type(value) is CodeType:
value = None
widget.create_property(name, value, default_value=False)
def _forbid_selectors(self):
c = self.name[0]
if c == '<' or c == '[':
raise ParserException(
self.ctx, self.line,
'Selectors rules are allowed only at the first level')
def _detect_selectors(self):
c = self.name[0]
if c == '<':
self._build_rule()
elif c == '[':
self._build_template()
else:
if self.ctx.root is not None:
raise ParserException(
self.ctx, self.line,
'Only one root object is allowed by .kv')
self.ctx.root = self
def _build_rule(self):
name = self.name
if __debug__:
trace('Builder: build rule for %s' % name)
if name[0] != '<' or name[-1] != '>':
raise ParserException(self.ctx, self.line,
'Invalid rule (must be inside <>)')
# if the very first name start with a -, avoid previous rules
name = name[1:-1]
if name[:1] == '-':
self.avoid_previous_rules = True
name = name[1:]
for rule in re.split(lang_cls_split_pat, name):
crule = None
if not rule:
raise ParserException(self.ctx, self.line,
'Empty rule detected')
if '@' in rule:
# new class creation ?
# ensure the name is correctly written
rule, baseclasses = rule.split('@', 1)
if not re.match(lang_key, rule):
raise ParserException(self.ctx, self.line,
'Invalid dynamic class name')
# save the name in the dynamic classes dict.
self.ctx.dynamic_classes[rule] = baseclasses
crule = ParserSelectorName(rule)
else:
# classical selectors.
if rule[0] == '.':
crule = ParserSelectorClass(rule[1:])
else:
crule = ParserSelectorName(rule)
self.ctx.rules.append((crule, self))
def _build_template(self):
name = self.name
exception = ParserException(
self.ctx, self.line,
'Deprecated Kivy lang template syntax used "{}". Templates will '
'be removed in a future version'.format(name))
if name not in ('[FileListEntry@FloatLayout+TreeViewNode]',
'[FileIconEntry@Widget]',
'[AccordionItemTitle@Label]'):
Logger.warning(exception)
if __debug__:
trace('Builder: build template for %s' % name)
if name[0] != '[' or name[-1] != ']':
raise ParserException(self.ctx, self.line,
'Invalid template (must be inside [])')
item_content = name[1:-1]
if '@' not in item_content:
raise ParserException(self.ctx, self.line,
'Invalid template name (missing @)')
template_name, template_root_cls = item_content.split('@')
self.ctx.templates.append((template_name, template_root_cls, self))
def __repr__(self):
return '<ParserRule name=%r>' % (self.name, )
class Parser(object):
'''Create a Parser object to parse a Kivy language file or Kivy content.
'''
PROP_ALLOWED = ('canvas.before', 'canvas.after')
CLASS_RANGE = list(range(ord('A'), ord('Z') + 1))
PROP_RANGE = (
list(range(ord('A'), ord('Z') + 1)) +
list(range(ord('a'), ord('z') + 1)) +
list(range(ord('0'), ord('9') + 1)) + [ord('_')])
__slots__ = ('rules', 'templates', 'root', 'sourcecode',
'directives', 'filename', 'dynamic_classes')
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Parser, self).__init__()
self.rules = []
self.templates = []
self.root = None
self.sourcecode = []
self.directives = []
self.dynamic_classes = {}
self.filename = kwargs.get('filename', None)
content = kwargs.get('content', None)
if content is None:
raise ValueError('No content passed')
self.parse(content)
def execute_directives(self):
global __KV_INCLUDES__
for ln, cmd in self.directives:
cmd = cmd.strip()
if __debug__:
trace('Parser: got directive <%s>' % cmd)
if cmd[:5] == 'kivy ':
version = cmd[5:].strip()
if len(version.split('.')) == 2:
version += '.0'
require(version)
elif cmd[:4] == 'set ':
try:
name, value = cmd[4:].strip().split(' ', 1)
except:
Logger.exception('')
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Invalid directive syntax')
try:
value = eval(value, global_idmap)
except:
Logger.exception('')
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Invalid value')
global_idmap[name] = value
elif cmd[:8] == 'include ':
ref = cmd[8:].strip()
force_load = False
if ref[:6] == 'force ':
ref = ref[6:].strip()
force_load = True
# if #:include [force] "path with quotes around"
if ref[0] == ref[-1] and ref[0] in ('"', "'"):
c = ref[:3].count(ref[0])
ref = ref[c:-c] if c != 2 else ref
if ref[-3:] != '.kv':
Logger.warning('Lang: {0} does not have a valid Kivy'
'Language extension (.kv)'.format(ref))
break
if ref in __KV_INCLUDES__:
if not os.path.isfile(resource_find(ref) or ref):
raise ParserException(self, ln,
'Invalid or unknown file: {0}'
.format(ref))
if not force_load:
Logger.warning('Lang: {0} has already been included!'
.format(ref))
continue
else:
Logger.debug('Lang: Reloading {0} '
'because include was forced.'
.format(ref))
kivy.lang.builder.Builder.unload_file(ref)
kivy.lang.builder.Builder.load_file(ref)
continue
Logger.debug('Lang: Including file: {0}'.format(0))
__KV_INCLUDES__.append(ref)
kivy.lang.builder.Builder.load_file(ref)
elif cmd[:7] == 'import ':
package = cmd[7:].strip()
z = package.split()
if len(z) != 2:
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Invalid import syntax')
alias, package = z
try:
if package not in sys.modules:
try:
mod = importlib.__import__(package)
except ImportError:
module_name = '.'.join(package.split('.')[:-1])
mod = importlib.__import__(module_name)
# resolve the whole thing
for part in package.split('.')[1:]:
mod = getattr(mod, part)
else:
mod = sys.modules[package]
global_idmap[alias] = mod
except ImportError:
Logger.exception('')
raise ParserException(self, ln,
'Unable to import package %r' %
package)
else:
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Unknown directive')
def parse(self, content):
'''Parse the contents of a Parser file and return a list
of root objects.
'''
# Read and parse the lines of the file
lines = content.splitlines()
if not lines:
return
num_lines = len(lines)
lines = list(zip(list(range(num_lines)), lines))
self.sourcecode = lines[:]
if __debug__:
trace('Parser: parsing %d lines' % num_lines)
# Strip all comments
self.strip_comments(lines)
# Execute directives
self.execute_directives()
# Get object from the first level
objects, remaining_lines = self.parse_level(0, lines)
# Precompile rules tree
for rule in objects:
rule.precompile()
# After parsing, there should be no remaining lines
# or there's an error we did not catch earlier.
if remaining_lines:
ln, content = remaining_lines[0]
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Invalid data (not parsed)')
def strip_comments(self, lines):
'''Remove all comments from all lines in-place.
Comments need to be on a single line and not at the end of a line.
i.e. a comment line's first non-whitespace character must be a #.
'''
# extract directives
for ln, line in lines[:]:
stripped = line.strip()
if stripped[:2] == '#:':
self.directives.append((ln, stripped[2:]))
if stripped[:1] == '#':
lines.remove((ln, line))
if not stripped:
lines.remove((ln, line))
def parse_level(self, level, lines, spaces=0):
'''Parse the current level (level * spaces) indentation.
'''
indent = spaces * level if spaces > 0 else 0
objects = []
current_object = None
current_property = None
current_propobject = None
i = 0
while i < len(lines):
line = lines[i]
ln, content = line
# Get the number of space
tmp = content.lstrip(' \t')
# Replace any tab with 4 spaces
tmp = content[:len(content) - len(tmp)]
tmp = tmp.replace('\t', ' ')
# first indent designates the indentation
if spaces == 0:
spaces = len(tmp)
count = len(tmp)
if spaces > 0 and count % spaces != 0:
raise ParserException(self, ln,
'Invalid indentation, '
'must be a multiple of '
'%s spaces' % spaces)
content = content.strip()
rlevel = count // spaces if spaces > 0 else 0
# Level finished
if count < indent:
return objects, lines[i - 1:]
# Current level, create an object
elif count == indent:
x = content.split(':', 1)
if not x[0]:
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Identifier missing')
if (len(x) == 2 and len(x[1]) and
not x[1].lstrip().startswith('#')):
raise ParserException(self, ln,
'Invalid data after declaration')
name = x[0].rstrip()
# if it's not a root rule, then we got some restriction
# aka, a valid name, without point or everything else
if count != 0:
if False in [ord(z) in Parser.PROP_RANGE for z in name]:
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Invalid class name')
current_object = ParserRule(self, ln, name, rlevel)
current_property = None
objects.append(current_object)
# Next level, is it a property or an object ?
elif count == indent + spaces:
x = content.split(':', 1)
if not x[0]:
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Identifier missing')
# It's a class, add to the current object as a children
current_property = None
name = x[0].rstrip()
ignore_prev = name[0] == '-'
if ignore_prev:
name = name[1:]
if ord(name[0]) in Parser.CLASS_RANGE:
if ignore_prev:
raise ParserException(
self, ln, 'clear previous, `-`, not allowed here')
_objects, _lines = self.parse_level(
level + 1, lines[i:], spaces)
if current_object is None:
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Invalid indentation')
current_object.children = _objects
lines = _lines
i = 0
# It's a property
else:
if name not in Parser.PROP_ALLOWED:
if not all(ord(z) in Parser.PROP_RANGE for z in name):
raise ParserException(self, ln,
'Invalid property name')
if len(x) == 1:
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Syntax error')
value = x[1].strip()
if name == 'id':
if len(value) <= 0:
raise ParserException(self, ln, 'Empty id')
if value in ('self', 'root'):
raise ParserException(
self, ln,
'Invalid id, cannot be "self" or "root"')
current_object.id = value
elif len(value):
rule = ParserRuleProperty(
self, ln, name, value, ignore_prev)
if name[:3] == 'on_':
current_object.handlers.append(rule)
else:
ignore_prev = False
current_object.properties[name] = rule
else:
current_property = name
current_propobject = None
if ignore_prev: # it wasn't consumed
raise ParserException(
self, ln, 'clear previous, `-`, not allowed here')
# Two more levels?
elif count == indent + 2 * spaces:
if current_property in (
'canvas', 'canvas.after', 'canvas.before'):
_objects, _lines = self.parse_level(
level + 2, lines[i:], spaces)
rl = ParserRule(self, ln, current_property, rlevel)
rl.children = _objects
if current_property == 'canvas':
current_object.canvas_root = rl
elif current_property == 'canvas.before':
current_object.canvas_before = rl
else:
current_object.canvas_after = rl
current_property = None
lines = _lines
i = 0
else:
if current_propobject is None:
current_propobject = ParserRuleProperty(
self, ln, current_property, content)
if not current_property:
raise ParserException(self, ln,
"Invalid indentation")
if current_property[:3] == 'on_':
current_object.handlers.append(current_propobject)
else:
current_object.properties[current_property] = \
current_propobject
else:
current_propobject.value += '\n' + content
# Too much indentation, invalid
else:
raise ParserException(self, ln,
'Invalid indentation (too many levels)')
# Check the next line
i += 1
return objects, []
class ParserSelector(object):
def __init__(self, key):
self.key = key.lower()
def match(self, widget):
raise NotImplementedError
def __repr__(self):
return '<%s key=%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.key)
class ParserSelectorClass(ParserSelector):
def match(self, widget):
return self.key in widget.cls
class ParserSelectorName(ParserSelector):
parents = {}
def get_bases(self, cls):
for base in cls.__bases__:
if base.__name__ == 'object':
break
yield base
if base.__name__ == 'Widget':
break
for cbase in self.get_bases(base):
yield cbase
def match(self, widget):
parents = ParserSelectorName.parents
cls = widget.__class__
if cls not in parents:
classes = [x.__name__.lower() for x in
[cls] + list(self.get_bases(cls))]
parents[cls] = classes
return self.key in parents[cls]
def match_rule_name(self, rule_name):
return self.key == rule_name.lower()