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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
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<meta name="title" content="The Validity of the Gospel of John" />
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<table class="contentpaneopen">
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" ><div>The prophets divine lies...and strengthen the hands of the wicked, that he should not turn from his wicked way, by promising him life. (Ezekiel 13:8-23)</div></td>
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<h1><a href="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
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<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
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<div class="moduleS1">
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||||
<div>
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||||
<div>
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||||
<div>
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||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/home/14-audio/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: large; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">Is The Gospel of John Authentic?</span></strong></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">I currently believe John's Gospel is authentic. But we are to test all things. So I have collected the criticism's of that thesis here:</span></p>
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<li><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">There is an apparent inconsistency in the duration of Jesus' ministry. In the Synoptics, the events could cover one year. In the Gospel of John, the summary spans three years. According to John, w<span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">e find that three Passover festivals were mentioned to have occurred during Jesus' ministry (John 2:13; 6:4; 11:55). </span></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">John's Gospel is the work of a trained mind who wrote good Greek with some semitizing; but <a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%204:13">Acts 4.13</a> says that John was "unschooled."</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">John makes little reference to Galilee, which is allegedly scarcely what we would expect from a native of the province, especially since Galilee (supposedly) was the centre of Christ’s ministry. Nor does he mention at all his brother James.</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">John's knowledge of Judaism is supposedly tainted. Critics cite John 18.13 in this regard -- saying John implied there was an annual priest: "and brought him first to Annas, who was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest that year." However, this does not imply an annual priest; it simply says who the high priest was that year.</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The author of this gospel would supposedly hardly refer to himself as "the disciple Jesus loved" -- some suggesting this is a false humility. On the other hand, it may be a sincere effort at humility to keep his name out of the piece.</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">John does NOT mention the 'Transfiguration' – when Jesus was joined by Moses and Elijah on a mountain top, transformed into "glory" and was addressed by God himself – a supposedly astounding omission considering that we are informed by each of the synoptic gospels that John was one of only three eye witnesses to this stunning miracle! Here is Mark's version: "And after six days Jesus taketh with him Peter, and James, and John, and leadeth them up into an high mountain apart by themselves: and he was transfigured before them. And his raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow; so as no fuller on earth can white them. And there appeared unto them Elias with Moses: and they were talking with Jesus." – Mark 9.2,9.</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Similarly, John's Gospel omits any mention of the raising of Jairus's daughter but according to Mark's gospel it was John who was a privileged witness: "And he suffered no man to follow him, save Peter, and James, and John the brother of James. And he cometh to the house of the ruler of the synagogue, and seeth the tumult, and them that wept and wailed greatly ... And straightway the damsel arose, and walked; for she was of the age of twelve years. And they were astonished with a great astonishment." – Mark 5.37,42.</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;"></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;">There was also supposedly a last minute redraft: John 21. The last two verses of the twentieth chapter indicate that the author intended to terminate his work here: </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;">‘Many other signs also did Jesus in the sight of his disciples, which are not written in this book. But these are written, that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God: and that believing, you may have life in his name ‘ – John 20, 30-31. But the </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;">twenty-first chapter was apparently added as an afterthought, telling the story about a third appearance of Jesus, the catching of precisely 153 fish, and vouchsafing that ‘we know that the witness he gives is true.’ (John 21.24). For a rebuttal to this concern, see "<a href="http://www.thesacredpage.com/2011/12/john-21-later-addition-or-epilogue.html">John 21: Later edition or epilogue?</a>" from the Sacred Page.</span></span></span></li>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;"></span></p>
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<hr />
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<p><strong><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Critical Consensus Denies Historical Genuiness of the Fourth Gospel</span></strong></p>
|
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<p> </p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">As Christians, we do not measure the validity of our Scripture by the votes of non-believers. But among them are believers, and thus we must consider their opinions. Anyway, the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Catholic Encyclopedia</span>'s article, "<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08438a.htm#VI">The Gospel of St. John</a>" records:</span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The historical genuineness of the Fourth Gospel is at the present time almost <em><strong>universally denied outside the Catholic Church.</strong></em> Since David Friedrich Strauss and Ferdinand Christian Baur this denial has been postulated in advance in most of the critical inquiries into the Gospels and the life of Jesus. Influenced by this prevailing tendency, Alfred Loisy also reached the point where he openly denied the historicity of the Fourth Gospel; in his opinion the author desired, not to write a history, but to clothe in symbolical garb his religious ideas and theological speculations.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<hr />
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">Earliest Citations to John's Gospel</span></strong></p>
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<p> </p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Our manuscript evidence dates primarily to the 4th Century. However, Papyrus Bodmer II dated to 200 AD has the first 14 chapters of John (less 22 verses), and some parts of 16-21. So to know of its earliest history, we must turn to the earliest commentators.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The pagan philosopher Celsus in his ‘True Discourse’ (about 178 AD) based some of his statements on passages of the fourth gospel. Also, Heracleon, a follower of Valentinius, composed a commentary on the fourth gospel about 160 AD.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">But a generation earlier, Papias (about 70-130), though mentioning an apostle called John, says nothing of any gospel. Speaking of this Greek Bishop, Eusebius says (Hist. eccl., III, xxxix, 17) his work included passages taken from a ‘first epistle’ of John but nothing from a gospel.</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Some contend that John went through its various re-writes in the second half of the second century. During this period, the anti-Montanists actually attributed John's Gospel to Cerinthus, an Egyptian ‘heretic.’Attribution to a heretic was certainly the fastest way for the hierarchy to discredit a false gospel! Wikipedia relates:</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Works attributed to Cerinthus</span><br /><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Cerinthus may be the alleged recipient of the Apocryphon of James (codex I, text 2 of the Nag Hammadi library), although the name written is largely illegible. A 2nd- or 3rd-century heretical Christian sect (later dubbed the Alogi) alleged Cerintthus was the true author of the Gospel of John and Book of Revelation. According to Catholic Encyclopedia: Caius: "Additional light has been thrown on the character of Caius's dialogue against Proclus by Gwynne's publication of some fragments from the work of Hippolytus "Contra Caium" (Hermathena, VI, p. 397 sq.); from these it seems clear that Caius maintained that the Apocalypse of John was a work of the Gnostic Cerinthus.” </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The Montanists deduced their doctrine of the ‘paraclete’ mainly from John 15 and 16.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">We return to Irenaeus, the Bishop of Lyons, who died about 202. Irenaeus was the first to identify and name the four gospels. He cites in his writings at least one hundred verses from the fourth gospel.</span></p>
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<hr />
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #0000ff;">Date Written in Relation to Revelation</span></strong></p>
|
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<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Eusebius says that Revelation comes <strong>prior</strong> to the Gospel of John:</span></p>
|
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"He [the apostle John] wrote this Gospel in the Province of Asia, after he had composed the Apocalypse on the Island of Patmos. A few months before his death [18 September, 96], the emperor had discontinued the persecution of the Christians and recalled the exiles." Eusebius (Hist. eccl., 3.20. 5-7</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: large; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Thus, the sequence of the writing of the works in the NT is not chronological. Revelation comes prior to John's Gospel.</span></p>
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<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
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||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/home/14-audio/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
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<h1><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">How Did Septuagint Use Verb Pisteuo Which in John Is Always Rendered as Believes?</span></strong></span></h1>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">There are reasons to believe the King James and others wrongfuly assumed <em>pisteuo</em> always means believe, especially to skew John's Gospel in a Pauline slant.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In Isaiah 28:16, the Septuagint Greek translation of 257 BC from the Hebrew Bible, it renders a Hebrew word whose root was <em>aman</em> as <em>pisteuon</em> in Greek. (The Hebrew is ham·ma·’a·mîn. See Hebrew tab at <a href="http://biblehub.com/text/isaiah/28-16.htm">bible.hub for 28.16</a>)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, assuming the Septuagint made a proper translation, then <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> in Hebrew is a synonymn for <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em>, the verb. Then we should add to a dictionary definition of <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> whatever we find is the meaning in Hebrew of <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, right? So what does <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman </em>mean? And how is <em>aman</em> properly translated in the Hebrew Bible into English? Then we should update the dictionary meaning of <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em> to have at least the <em>Hebrew</em> meaning for <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em> which was equated in 257 BC with <em>pisteo, </em></span>right?<img src="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/common/uploads/images/articles/biblical-faith.jpg" alt="jewish bible" width="140" height="137" style="float: right;" /></span><em><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">What Does Aman Mean in Hebrew Bible?</span></strong></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">According to world-class scholar Jeff Benner in his <em>Ancient Hebrew Dictionary </em>(Foreign Language Study, 2009) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=02muDVNFTCQC&lpg=PP1&dq=hebrew%20dictionary&pg=PA69#v=snippet&q=emunah&f=false">69</a> he says the "Hebrew root word <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman </em>means firm, something that is supported and secure." Benner points out <em>aman</em> is used in Isaiah 22: 23 for a nail that is fastened "to a secure place." Benner later mentions <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em> again, and shows how it is <em><strong>erroneously translated</strong></em> as "believe," which he puts gingerly. At page 70 he writes: "The root of this word [<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>emet</em>] </span>is <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em>, a word often translated as <em>believe</em>, but <em><strong>more literally means 'support,'</strong></em> as we see in Isaiah 22:23." Benner adds that "a belief in Elohiym is <strong><em>not a mental exercise of knowing Elohiym exists but rather our responsibility to show him our support</em></strong>." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=02muDVNFTCQC&lpg=PP1&dq=hebrew%20dictionary&pg=PA70#v=snippet&q=emunah&f=false">70</a>.</span></span></span><em><br /></em></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Another related word to consider is <em>emunah</em> which often is translated as 'believe' in English, but should not. Benner says that it derives from <em>aman. </em>He explains:</span></span></span></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Derived from this root [<em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">] is the word <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>emun, </em>meaning craftsman. A crafstman is one who is <em><strong>firm and secure</strong></em> in his talent. The feminine form of <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>emun</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> is <em>emunah</em>, meaning firmness, something or someone who is <em><strong>firm in their actions</strong></em>. When the word <em>emunah </em>is translated as 'faith,' as it often is, <em><strong>misconceptions</strong></em> of its meaning occurs. Faith is <strong><em>usually perceived as a knowing</em> </strong>while the Hebrew <em>emunah</em> is <strong><em>a firm action</em></strong>. To have faith in Elohiym is not knowing Elohiym exists or knowing he will act, rather it is that the one with <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>emunah</em> will <strong><em>act with firmness toward Elohiym's will</em></strong>." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=02muDVNFTCQC&lpg=PP1&dq=hebrew%20dictionary&pg=PA69#v=snippet&q=emunah&f=false">69</a>.</span></span></span></span></span><em><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, we read in Psalm 33:4 of God "all his work is done in faithfulness (<em>be-emunah</em>)." (Louis Jacobs, <em>Faith</em> (Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2008) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OeVLAwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA7&dq=emunah%20uses%20in%20bible&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q=emunah%20uses%20in%20bible&f=false">7</a>.</span></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Pauline Bias In This Area</span></span></strong></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">As we proceed, we must be on guard from the incessant Pauline bias in this area. The reason is a Pauline bias will equate <em>aman</em> to "faith" because they know Paul used <em>pisteuo</em> for a translation of the Hebrew <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman in</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> Isaiah 28:16 (following the Septuagint translation of 257 BC), and they wish <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em> to mean faith. And even if <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pistos</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> means <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>trust </em>or <em>obedience</em> more than faith, they equate and conflate <em>trust</em> and <em>faith</em> (mere belief) when they are very different. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">As Claude Tresmontant in <em>Hebrew Christ: Language in the Age of the Gospel</em> (1989) explains at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-0kqAQAAMAAJ&q=aman+in+hebrew&dq=aman+in+hebrew&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZFzWVM3MJoq1oQSi_ICQAg&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAzha">151</a> "we moderns who speak about 'believing' and 'faith' <em><strong>are off the mark as far as the original meaning </strong></em>of these concepts." </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Claude says Paul has "played on the various meanings of the derivation of the Hebrew word <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em>," but "this is not immediately evident in the Greek translation." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?ei=ZFzWVM3MJoq1oQSi_ICQAg&id=-0kqAQAAMAAJ&dq=aman+in+hebrew&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=aman">228</a>. Claude also decries "the <strong>error, distortion, falsification...when the Greek word </strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><em>pistis</em></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong> was translated as </strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong><em>faith</em></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>.</strong>" <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?ei=ZFzWVM3MJoq1oQSi_ICQAg&id=-0kqAQAAMAAJ&dq=aman+in+hebrew&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=pistis">93</a>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The reason is that <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em> conveys a trust, steadfastness that mere <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>belief</em> would never convey, and thus Paul's use of a quote of Isaiah 28:16 with the word <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em>, unless rendered as 'steadfast following,' or 'obeying,' is misleading.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span>Here is an example of the problem of such blind bias from a typical popular author who defines <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em> very different from <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, and while defining <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuo</em> to only mean faith, then equates it to <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em>, evidently aware of Paul's translation of Isaiah 28:16's <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> as <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>pisteuon</em>. The author ignores they are totally different, and pretends <em>aman</em> is saying the same thing as <em>pisteuo</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">, and then pretends <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>trust</em> <em>in</em> is the same as <em>faith</em></span></span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">What is Faith?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">...The Hebrew root word [for faith] is aman which means "to support, to foster as a parent, to render firm and permanent, to go to the right hand." The Greek word for "faith" is pistos, and means to "trust, to trust in." (Tiffany Schmigotzki, Cheryl Gesing, <em>Undiscovered Treasure</em>, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4oe4EMeiHs0C&lpg=PA35&dq=aman%20in%20hebrew&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=aman%20in%20hebrew&f=false">page 36</a>.)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">This completely fails to see the words on the page, and does not carefully distinguish the word meanings. To render something 'firm' as </span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>aman</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> conveys<em> a </em>meaning of <em>pisteuo</em> that is more than simply a belief, and probably more than even simple <em>trust</em>. <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><em>Aman</em> conveys one is now a follower, one steadfastly following God, and not simply intellectually assenting something is true or will happen.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Faith-Alone Translations Are Modern Sadducees With Same Error Jesus Exposed </span></span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">The Sadducees were so literal that they sucked the life out of the meaning of words. The Sadducees read the Law as never talking about eternal life. Adam's loss was supposedly permanent, and thus the Sadducees taught we die when we die. However, Jesus said, by the present tense name use of Jacob, Abraham, etc., God implied that He was the God of living beings, not dead and permanently gone ones. Thus, Jesus poured life into the meaning of God's repeated reference that He was the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. God is not the God of dead men, but of living men -- men sharing presence with God at that time -- their spirits.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Likewise, modern adherents of faith alone, always read Pistis the noun, Pistos the adjective, and Pisteuo the verb as "belief" "faithful" (which means obedient, but the "faith" component is used to justify a faith-spin), and "believe. They use the most narrow meaning despite the overwhelming evidence now that the Septuagint did not mean to convey the lowest most narrow element of faith alone, but the entire meaning of the word -- obedience, compliance, trust as well as acknowledgment -- and not merely the latter.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span data-mce-mark="1"><span data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span></p>
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<hr />
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><strong>Study Notes</strong></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">A usage of "trust" in New Testament is clear in John 2:24. "Knowing the temperment of men, Jesus did not trust (pisteuo) himself to" them. In Habakkuk 2:4, in the Septuagint B version, it is pisteos (noun), and necessarily means "faithfulness" because it refers to something God has. Since God cannot have faith in himself, it necessarily means God has "faithfulness" toward the righteous. See <em>Romans Galatians Commentary</em> (Zondervan: 2011) at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vsNDEHgdCVIC&lpg=PA597&ots=2XyBsrdJEr&dq=pisteos%20in%20septuagint&pg=PA597#v=onepage&q=pisteos%20in%20septuagint&f=false">597</a>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Pistis - Greek Mythology</span></strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"> In Greek, mythology, Pistis is a proper noun to signify a spirit-person who is trustworthy, has good faith, etc., who escaped Pandora's box. She is symbolized in Roman mythology by a person named Fides in Latin culture. Here is a Wikipedia article about <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistis">Pistis</a>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythology" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <strong>Pistis</strong><sup style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.2px; white-space: nowrap;">[<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation"><span title="This word should have a pronunciation transcription or recording.">pronunciation?</span></a></em>]</sup> (Π?στις) was the personification of good faith, trust and reliability. She is mentioned together with such other personifications as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elpis" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Elpis">Elpis</a>(Hope), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophrosyne" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Sophrosyne">Sophrosyne</a> (Prudence), and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charites" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Charites">Charites</a>, who were all associated with honesty and harmony among people.<sup id="cite_ref-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistis#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Her <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythology" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Roman mythology">Roman</a> equivalent was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fides_(mythology)" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Fides (mythology)">Fides</a>, a personified concept significant in Roman culture.</span></p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Additionally, a close linkage between pistis and persuasion developed through the discussion of faith and was further morphed by an understanding of pistis as a rhetorical technique.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimaldi1957_2-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistis#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimaldi1957-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Listen also to this key discussion in a Theological Dictionary called the <a href="http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Pistis.html">Theoi Project </a>that explains Pistis was a spirit being symbolizing Trust, honesty and good faith, and thus FAITH in this sense was an Actor, not an intellectual event. Paul was involved in the theater, and perhaps he borrowed the Literary meaning of PISTIS more than its <em>literal</em> meaning. Here is what Theoi Project records in its article <a href="http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Pistis.html">Pistis:</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 13px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">PISTIS was the <a href="http://www.theoi.com/greek-mythology/personifications.html" style="color: #4a6177;">spirit</a> (<em>daimona</em>) of trust, honesty and good faith. She was one of the good spirits who escaped <a href="http://www.theoi.com/Heroine/Pandora.html" style="color: #4a6177;">Pandora</a>'s box and fled back to heaven abandoning mankind. Her Roman name was Fides, and her opposite number <a href="http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Apate.html" style="color: #4a6177;">Apate</a> (Deception) and the <a href="http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Pseudologoi.html" style="color: #4a6177;">Pseudologoi</a> (Lies).</span></p>
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<table style="border: 1px solid #bfccdf; color: #000000; font-size: 13px; background-color: #fffdf9;">
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<td style="padding: 5px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; color: #415b83; background-color: #fffff8;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">PARENTS</span></td>
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<td style="font-size: 12px; color: #4a6177; padding: 5px; background-color: #fffef8;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Perhaps a daughter of <a href="http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Zeus.html" style="color: #4a6177;">ZEUS</a>, though nowhere stated</span></td>
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<hr style="font-size: 13px; background-color: #fffdf9;" size="1" />
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<p style="font-size: 13px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Theognis, Fragment 1. 1135 (trans. Gerber, Vol. Greek Elegiac) (Greek elegy C6th B.C.) : </span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"Elpis (Hope) is the only good god remaining among mankind; the others have left and gone to Olympos. Pistis (Trust), a mighty god has gone, Sophrosyne (Restraint) has gone from men, and the Kharites (Charites, Graces), my friend, have abandoned the earth. Men's judicial oaths are no longer to be trusted, nor does anyone revere the immortal gods; the race of pious men has perished and men no longer recognize the rules of conduct or acts of piety."</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 13px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Ovid, Metamorphoses 5. 43 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :</span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"[King Kepheus' (Cepheus') brother Phineus attempts to kill Perseus when the hero is awarded his fiancé Andromeda:] Cepheus left the hall, calling Fides [Pistis, Faith], Jus [Dike, Justice] and the Di Hospitii (Gods of Hospitality) to bear him witness that what was done defied his word and will."</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 13px; padding-left: 30px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Statius, Thebaid 11. 98 ff (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic C1st A.D.) :</span><br /><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">"[One Erinys addresses another:] ‘'Tis no common fray or Martian battle we prepare, but brothers--though kindly Fides [Pistis, Faith] and Pietas [Eusebia, Duty] resist [the brothers engaging one another in battle], they will be o'ercome.’"</span></p>
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<hr style="font-size: 13px; background-color: #fffdf9;" size="1" />
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<p style="font-style: italic; font-size: 13px; background-color: #fffdf9;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><a href="http://www.theoi.com/Bibliography.html" style="color: #4a6177;">Sources</a>:</span></p>
|
||||
<ul style="font-size: 13px; background-color: #fffdf9;">
|
||||
<li style="list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: circle; font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Greek Elegaic Theognis, Fragments <span style="font-size: 10px; color: #a3a3a3;">– Greek Elegaic C6th B.C.</span></span></li>
|
||||
<li style="list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: circle; font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Ovid, Metamorphoses <span style="font-size: 10px; color: #a3a3a3;">- Latin Epic C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.</span></span></li>
|
||||
<li style="list-style-position: inside; list-style-type: circle; font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Statius, Thebaid <span style="font-size: 10px; color: #a3a3a3;">- Latin Epic C1st A.D.</span></span></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1">d</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
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||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t_9NkGsNtcYC&lpg=PA93&dq=aman%20in%20hebrew&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q=aman%20in%20hebrew&f=false"></a></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1"></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: large;" data-mce-mark="1">ddd</span></p>
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