initial backup of github.com/jesuswordsonly/jesuswordsonly.github.io
This commit is contained in:
embed@git.macaw.me
commit
14edd76594
1931 changed files with 1103754 additions and 0 deletions
489
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html
Normal file
489
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html
Normal file
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="https://www.jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/27-didcalvinmurderservetusamazon.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul, Faith Alone, Dispensationalism, Ebionites, Commands of Jesus, Original Gospel of Matthew, Hebrew Matthew" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Did Calvin Murder Servetus? - Amazon" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="LauraLee Arnet" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus' Words as Primary Focus for Christians" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Did Calvin Murder Servetus? - Amazon</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><p style="text-align: left;">"Paul [cannot be] both claimant and witness [for himself]." Tertullian<em>, Against Marcion </em>207 A.D<em>. <br /></em></p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesusorpaul.html"><span>Jesus or Paul</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/topicindex/753-bookstore.html"><span>Bookstore</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 672" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "672") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "times new roman", times;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Calvin-Murder-Servetus-Stanford-Rives/dp/1439208689/ref=as_sl_pc_tf_til?tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=w00&linkId=5181e9e698278ca1da01735b37e35a5e&creativeASIN=1439208689">Purchase Link to Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a></span></p>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 19268083<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="https://www.jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/29-didcalvinmurderservetusbackground.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul, Faith Alone, Dispensationalism, Ebionites, Commands of Jesus, Original Gospel of Matthew, Hebrew Matthew" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Did Calvin Murder Servetus Background" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="18ptTR" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus' Words as Primary Focus for Christians" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Did Calvin Murder Servetus Background</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >"[Current] Protestantism is a revolution...proclaiming 'the Apostle Paul' at the expense of the Master (Christ)." (Kierkegaard, <em>Journals</em>)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesusorpaul.html"><span>Jesus or Paul</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/topicindex/753-bookstore.html"><span>Bookstore</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 4753" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "4753") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Background Material on Servetus Affair of 1553</span></h1>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">1. Founding of USA and Its Constitution</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Calvin revealed himself at Geneva, especially in the Servetus Affair, as less than an advocate of free speech and the freedom of religion. Yet, modern Calvinists claim our USA revolution was a Calvinist Revolution. Calvinists also claim the Christians who led our Revolution were Calvinists. Are these claims true? No.<br /><a href="/images/stories/Lessons/Appendix on Founding Fathers.pdf" target="_blank" title="Founding of the USA and Its Constitution"></a> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/49-founding-fathers.html">HTML Version</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">2. Was The Spirit for Religious Freedom Among Calvinists or Anti-Calvinists?</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">The first demands for freedom of religion in America were made in the 1657 Remonstrances by English citizens within the Dutch Republic. Even though article 13 of the Dutch Constitution protected the freedom of religion, the Calvinists had usurped that, and had persecuted those who resisted the Dutch Reformed Church in the Netherlands. By 1657, the Calvinists had extended this Calvinist persecution to Boston and New Amsterdaam (N.Y.) -- Dutch colonies. Thus, the 1657 Remonstrances was the first seed of religious liberty planted in America. It was specifically planted<strong><em> against Calvinist encroachment </em></strong>on the guaranteed freedom of religion in the Dutch Constitution of 1579. Thus, to say our revolution was Calvinist is absurd. We copied almost all of the Dutch Republic's institutions, but they were all formed prior to the usurpation of Calvinism in the Netherlands to take control. But to say our revolution, and its major concern over freedom of religion was spearheaded by the one denomination known for religious persecution, and which used the state to encroach on the freedom of religion in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire (all state-imposed Calvinist churches in the colonies) is exceedingly silly.<br /><a href="/images/stories/Lessons/Dutch Republic - Calvinist subversion of freedom of religion.pdf" target="_blank" title="The Danger of Calvinism to the Freedom of Religion in the Netherlands"></a><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/51-dangerofcalvinism.html" title="The Danger of Calvinism to the Freedom of Religion in the Netherlands">HTML Version</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">3. The Servetus Affair Teaches The Intent of the First Amendment</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Jefferson mentioned four times the Servetus Affair in his writings. In the First Amendment, Jefferson unquestionably desired to separate church from state in the sense violated at Geneva in 1553. One can only understand Jefferson's rationale for the First Amendment, and his words about separation, when one reads Jefferson's attacks on Calvin's behavior in the Servetus Affair. <br /><a href="/images/stories/Lessons/Origin of Our First Amendment & The Servetus Affair.pdf" target="_blank" title="The Origins of Our First Amendement & the Servetus Affair"></a><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/50-ourfirstamendment.html" title="The Origins of Our First Amendment and the Sevetus Affair">HTML Version</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">4. Books in the Public Domain on Servetus Affair</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="/images/stories/Books/Chaufpierre The_life_of_Servetus__tr__by_J__Yair.pdf" target="_blank" title="Chauffpierre, Life of Servetus 1771 (Calvin Apologist)">Chauffpierre, Life of Servetus, 1771 [Calvin Apologist]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="/images/stories/Books/Chaufpierre The_life_of_Servetus__tr__by_J__Yair.pdf" target="_blank" title="Chauffpierre, Life of Servetus 1771 (Calvin Apologist)"><br /></a><a href="/images/stories/Books/Hodges Impartial_history_of_servetus 1724.pdf" target="_blank" title="Hodges, Impartial history of Michael Servetus, 1724 (Calvin Critic)">Hodges, Impartial History of Michael Servetus, 1724 [Calvin critic]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="/images/stories/Books/Hodges Impartial_history_of_servetus 1724.pdf" target="_blank" title="Hodges, Impartial history of Michael Servetus, 1724 (Calvin Critic)"><br /></a><a href="/images/stories/Books/WrightAn_Apology_for_Dr__Michael_Servetus 1809.pdf" target="_blank" title="Wright, An Apology for Dr. Michael Servetus, 1809 (Calvin Critic)">Wright, An Apology for Dr. Michael Servetus, 1809 [Calvin critic]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="/images/stories/Books/WrightAn_Apology_for_Dr__Michael_Servetus 1809.pdf" target="_blank" title="Wright, An Apology for Dr. Michael Servetus, 1809 (Calvin Critic)"><br /></a><a href="/images/stories/Books/Servetus article The_Encyclopaedia_Britannica vol 21 1888.pdf" target="_blank" title=""Servetus," Encyclopedia Britannica, 1888 (Neutral)">"Servetus," Encyclopedia Britannica, 1888 [neutral]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><br /><a href="/images/stories/Books/Mannapology_right_of_private_judgment_pseu_servetus_v_calvin_1775_pp_1-50.pdf" target="_blank" title="Mann, Cursory Remarks . . .or an Apology for the Private Right Judgment ">Mann, Cursory Remarks...or an Apology for the Private Right Judgment...by Michael Servetus, 1775 [Calvin critic]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">5. Calvin's Subversion of Geneva in 1555 and Responsibility For Later Killing of Heretics</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Calvin set the precedent of killing heretics in Geneva in 1553. This was then used in 1555 to kill political opponents, and gain hegemony over Geneva. This tactic was repeated again in 1581 to subvert the young Dutch Republic which guaranteed religious liberty in its Constitution. Calvinists usurped the laws of the Netherlands, and then created a de facto state church out of the Dutch Reformed Church. They then persecuted and killed Christians who dissented from their views. They did this in the Council of Dort in 1619, and then again with the Boston Martyrs in 1659-1661. This tendency to kill anyone who was suspected of being different also led to the Salem Witch Trials, again perpetrated by Calvinist Puritans trying to imitate the Geneva Republic. For a detailed analysis, see this <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/70-calvin-subversion.html" title="Calvin Subversion">webpage </a>hosted here.</span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">6. Calvin's Moral Responsibility for Catholic Slaughter of Calvinists</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Calvin bears moral responsibility for the Catholic decision to kill Calvinists in the Netherlands and in France between 1568 and 1572 while leaving the Lutherans alone. This is because Lutherans did not believe in persecuting heretics, while Calvin, due to the Servetus Affair of 1553, endorsed killing heretics in 1554 as a means of deflecting the charge of murder over killing Servetus. Calvin's failure to admit his failing led to this poor excuse. The consequent message to Catholics was that they were in danger if the French Huguenots or the Calvinists of the Netherlands rose in influence because then they were a threat to kill Catholics as heretics. The Catholics then predictably made a pre-emptive strike on the Calvinists of France in 1572 (at least 25,000 were killed) and the Netherlands in 1568 (20,000 were killed). For a detailed analysis, see this <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/68-calvin-bear-resonsibility.html" title="Calvin Bear Responsibility">webpage</a> hosted here.</span><a href="/images/stories/Lessons/Does Calvin Bear Responsibility for Later Slaughter by Catholics of Calvinists.html" target="_blank" title="Calvin's Moral Responsibility for Catholic Slaughter of Calvinists"><br /></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">7. Lord Acton's Example Of A Christian's Duty To Expose Murder On Religious Pretexts</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Lord Acton was a Catholic who 300 years after the St. Batholomew's Massacre felt compelled to expose the Pope and his cardinals' responsibility for the murder of 25,000 to 100,000 French Huguenots. Lord Acton believed that because the Catholic Church claimed it was upolding true doctrine, it was important to remember it committed mass murder. It needed to repent. Lord Acton is an excellent example that Calvinists should imitate with respect to Calvin's role in killing Servetus. No matter how much time has gone by, it is imperative that those who claim to be the heirs of someone who turns out to be a murderer need to confess the crime, and seek repentance from all those following the criminal's doctrines and who honor his memory. For extensive analysis on Lord' Acton's exposure, see this <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/69-lord-acton-example.html" title="Lord Acton Example">webpage</a> hosted here.</span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<p><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;">8. Did Calvin Say He Exterminated Calvin</span>. </span></strong></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">For discussion, see this <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/767-did-calvin-admit-he-exterminated-servetus.html">link</a>.</span></p>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 19268133<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
554
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html
Normal file
554
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html
Normal file
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
512
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/461-sarit-hadad-shema-israel.html
Normal file
512
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/461-sarit-hadad-shema-israel.html
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/461-sarit-hadad-shema-israel.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Sarit Hadad Shema Israel" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="DJD" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Sarit Hadad Shema Israel</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Much contemporary preaching proceeds as if all that counts is selected sections or verses of the apostle Paul and the cross of Jesus. (Minister Anthony Buzzard, 1998)</span></p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 1559" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "1559") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1>Sarit Hadad Shma Israel - "Hear Oh Israel"</h1>
|
||||
<p>Sarit has rendered a stirring and beautiful modern Psalm in the same spirit of David for suffering, turning to God for strength. Here is a<a href="http://youtu.be/HQlRrrReua0" style="line-height: 1.3em;"> Link</a> to one You Tube video. (I could not find it on Amazon or for download anywhere.) Here is another <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TH5TbQfV0II">Link</a> to a Spanish-translation subtitle version with Sarit herself singing dressed as an angel.</p>
|
||||
<p>You can sing along using the Hebrew transliteration below, and if you rely upon the English "Machine" Translation from Lyrics Translate at this <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html" style="line-height: 1.3em;">link</a>, which is copied below, you can appreciate the sentiments:</p>
|
||||
<h1>Shma Israel</h1>
|
||||
<div id="new_selection_block0.261652952991426" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; border: none;">
|
||||
<div id="translittab" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; height: 20px;"><a id="link0" class="activel" style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdb; font-size: 11px; line-height: 20px;">Original</a><a id="link1" style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdb; font-size: 11px; line-height: 20px;">Transliteration</a></div>
|
||||
<div id="content0" class="contenttr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Kshehalev bohe rak elokim shomea<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hake-ev ole metoh haneshama<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Adam nofel lifne shehu shokea<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Vetfilat ktana hoteh et hadmama</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma Israel elohay ata hakol yahol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Natata li et hayay natata li hakol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Beenay dima halev bohe besheket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Oo'kshe halev shotek haneshama zo-eket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Shma Israel elohay ahshav ani levad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hazek oti elokay asse shelo efhad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hake-ev gadol veen lean livroah<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Asse shehigamer ki lo notar bi koah</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Kshehalev bohe hazman omed milehet<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Adam roeh et kol hayav pitom<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />El halo noda hu lo rotse lalehet<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Le elokav kore al saf tehom</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma Israel elokay ata hakol yahol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Natata li et hayay natata li hakol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Beenay dima halev bohe besheket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Ookshe halev shotek haneshama zo-eket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Shma Israel elohay ahshav ani levad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hazek oti elohay asse shelo efhad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hake-ev gadol ve-en lean livroah<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Asse shehigamer ki lo notar bi koah</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" data-mce-mark="1"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Read more at <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #003399;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99">http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99</a></span></div>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com">http://lyricstranslate.com</a><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></span></p>
|
||||
<div id="new_selection_block0.7835194715298712" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; border: none;">
|
||||
<h2 class="title-h2" style="margin: 8px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.3em; color: #000000; height: 26px;">Shma Israel</h2>
|
||||
<div id="translittab" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; height: 20px;">When the heart cries</div>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">only God hears<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The pain rises out of the soul<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />A man falls down before he sinks down<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />With a little prayer (he) cuts the silence</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma (Hear) Israel my God,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />you're the omnipotent<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />You gave me my life,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />you gave me everything</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">In my eyes a tear,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />the heart cries quietly<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />And when the heart is quiet,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />the soul screams</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma (Hear) Israel my God,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />now I am alone<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Make me strong my God;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />make it that I won't be afraid</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">The pain is big,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />and there's no where to run away<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />End it because I can't take it anymore<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />(make the end of it because I have no more energy left within me)</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">When the heart cries,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Time stands still<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />All of a sudden, the man sees his entire life<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />He doesn't want to go to the unknown<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />He cries to his God right before a big fall</p>
|
||||
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Read more at <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #003399;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99">http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99</a></span><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com">http://lyricstranslate.com</a><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></span>
|
||||
<div id="new_selection_block0.7835194715298712" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; border: none;">
|
||||
<h2 class="title-h2" style="margin: 8px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.3em; color: #000000; height: 26px;"> </h2>
|
||||
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1259850<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
654
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/49-founding-fathers.html
Normal file
654
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/49-founding-fathers.html
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,654 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/49-founding-fathers.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Founding Fathers" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Founding Fathers</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><span>Seek the Lord while he may be found; call upon him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts; let him return to the Lord, that He may have compassion on him, and to our God, for He will abundantly pardon. (Isaiah 55:6-7)</span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 511" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "511") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1">Did Calvin Found America? What Were The Religious Scruples of the Founding Fathers?</h1>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Introduction</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Those who believe that there is no free-will, such as Calvinists, can never claim they ever believe that there are God-given liberties that no human government can infringe. There are, however, many Calvinists who fantasize that they should be given the lion's share credit for the American Revolution which was fought on that premise. These claims are ridiculous.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In 1776, true Calvinists could not support any kind of revolt from the King of England's rule in the colonies. Calvin insisted that a Christian owed unjust rulers a duty of obedience unless the ruler sought to prevent the true worship of God. (Calvin's <em>Institutes</em> 4.20.30-1.)<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930317" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>1</sup></span></a> Because in the colonies no such prohibition was present, true Calvinists could not support any kind of revolt.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">John Zubly (1724-1781) was a Calvinist preacher and delegate from Georgia in the Continental Congress. Based upon Calvinist doctrine, he resisted any kind of independence from Britain.<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930334" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>2</sup></span></a> This call was heeded by the majority of Calvinists. Despite the presence in the Colonies of significant numbers in the Calvinist denominations (<em>e.g</em>., Puritan, Presbyterian and Congregational), they are virtually invisible among the signers of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the Constitution of 1789, and the First Congress.<span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930374" class="footnote"> </a> See charts below.</span></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Calvinist Fantasies About A Calvinist-Driven American Revolution</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Despite the statistical evidence, Loraine Boettner in his <span style="font-style: italic;" data-mce-mark="1">Calvinism in History: Calvinism in America</span><a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930352" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>4</sup></span></a> wishes to give the lion's share of responsibility for the American Revolution to Calvinists. He, in fact, says it was a "Presbyterian" revolution. However, this is a clearly exaggerated analysis. Most of the `proof' is based on loose-statements by British enemies of the young colonies. The British liked to blame Calvinists precisely because of the sour-reputation of Calvinists in England as dissenters back in England to the Crown. By asserting the American Revolutionists were Calvinists, the British authorities could besmirch our Revolution with the then bad taint of Calvinism in England and make it also appear it was a seditious extension by domestic opponents of the Crown in England.</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Boettner then relies upon historians who in turn rely upon these weak second-hand claims to weave a story that is wholly unrealistic. Yet, based upon such sketchy evidence, Boettner makes the following extraordinarily baseless claim: "History is eloquent in declaring that <strong><em>American democracy was born of</em></strong> Christianity and that that Christianity was <em><strong>Calvinism</strong></em>." Then, Boettner quotes the most preposterous claim of all by Ranke, a scholar, who said: "John Calvin was the virtual founder of America."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930427" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>5</sup></span></a></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Reality: Calvinism Inspires Tyrannical Behavior</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">One of the most important lessons of the Servetus Affair, and the aftermath at Geneva, is about the origin of tyrannical behavior. Those who believe in there being no free will, whether Calvinists or materialists, will have no reason to resist making themselves tyrants. Because Calvinism denies free will exists in man at all, true Calvinists can never imagine by tyrannical behavior that they are infringing on any God-given inalienable right to freedom of conscience or thought. This is precisely because without a belief in a free-will, then how could Calvinists believe that a right to free-expression exists? How can they believe there is a right to freedom of religion on the national level when Calvinists insisted upon a state church in the colonies Massachusetts, NH, and Connecticut? (Denial of such freedom explains Calvin's behavior at Geneva. It also explains Fisher Ames' doctrine in 1804 as well, as discussed below.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">As a result, it should not surprise us to find that except for a very small number, none of the Founding Fathers of the U.S.A. were known Calvinists.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">A website eager to find Calvinists among the Founding Fathers concedes there is scant evidence of their presence:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"Despite the prevalence of Calvinism among Colonials, most Founding Fathers were apparently not identified primarily by the label `Calvinist.' Among all of the people who were signers of the Declaration of Independence, signers of the U.S. Constitution, and members of the very first U.S. Congress and Senate,<em><strong> there is only one man whose religious affiliation is identified as `Calvinist:' Fisher Ames</strong></em>."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=929974" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>6</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">We have a lot to say about Fisher Ames in a short while.<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930298" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>7</sup></span></a> We will prove that as the<strong><em> lone open Calvinist</em></strong> in the early Congress, Ames made it clear that he did not share in any of the American values that shaped the United States Constitution. In 1804, Ames advocated repealing almost every fundamental liberty of the young nation. He felt it was an experiment that had run its course. Ames believed the republic was teetering upon collapse unless immediately the government put in effect measures identical to those employed in the Geneva Republic of the direct government establishment of religion -- the Christian religion. Hardly a voice in keeping with our First Amendment!</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Statistical Studies of The Founders' Faith</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">If one examines those who signed the original Constitution, and judge among those whose religious affiliations are known,<a href="fhttp://www.bizforum.org/FFR.htm" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>8</sup></span></a> only five were Presbyterian (Calvinist) and one was Congregationalist (Calvinist in that era). There was only one Lutheran. The remaining 80% all belonged to denominations that believed in free will, and hence the sanctity of the freedom of conscience.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">If we move past the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution to the first elected congress, then the numbers improve to 48. This means 29% of the first congress belonged to Calvinist denominations.<a href="http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>9</sup></span></a> Yet, this leaves a significant 71% belonging to Christian denominations which believed in free-will.</span></p>
|
||||
<table><caption>
|
||||
<h6 class="TableTitle">Founding Fathers of Denominations Believing in Free Will</h6>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr><th>
|
||||
<p class="CellHeading">Denomination</p>
|
||||
</th><th>
|
||||
<p class="CellHeading">Number</p>
|
||||
</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Episcopalian</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">17</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Quaker</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">3</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Anglican</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">2</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Methodist</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">2</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Roman Catholic</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">1</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Total</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">25/31 = 80%</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This is not intended to deprecate the many Presbyterians/Calvinists who participated in valiant efforts as soldiers and even commanders in our Revolutionary War. But this evidence proves the spiritual leadership for the revolution came from <strong><em>Christians of a different stripe</em></strong>. Rather, what is more fair to say is that the Calvinists in America who desired to free the U.S. from Britain were numerous although a minority within the Calvinist churches. They joined the American Revolution because their motives aligned at significant points with other Christians.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">For example, Calvinists in NH, Mass. and Conn. since the early 1600s had an official monopoly that only the Calvinist "Congregational" churches were legal in New Hampshire, Massachussets and Connecticut. (See<a href="http://undergod.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=69"> link</a>.) Thus, Calvinists had as much interest as anyone in states where freedom of religion reigned to prevent the Anglican church of England from becoming the official church of NH, Mass., or Connecticut. Yet, Calvinists, unlike other Christians, were enjoying their localized Genevas where religion was forced, mandatory, and rigorously enforced by the judiciary. [Fn 10 below.] See also examples of such laws at this<a href="http://undergod.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=69"> link</a>.<span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> </span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, the Calvinists of America who supported the revolution did not aspire to a freedom of religion for all citizens. They did not share the spirit which animated the overwhelming majority of Christians who were leading the American Revolution. These other Christians wanted everyone to enjoy a freedom of religion even from an `enlightened' new Geneva in America.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Consequently, the predominating Christian spirit in the Revolution came from Christians who believed in human free will. They wanted freedom from Calvinist church-and-state marriages as much as from any other kind of marriage of church-and-state.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Proof From Madison Contrasted to Ames</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The difference between Calvinist Christians and the type of Christian leading the American Revolution is demonstrable by comparing the views of the lone self-avowed Calvinist in the early Congress -- Fisher Ames -- to the views of James Madison. As you may know, <strong><em>Madison was the actual writer/drafter of our Constitution and Bill of Rights</em></strong>. He is sometimes called the Father of the Constitution.</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Madison's Views on Church-and-State</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">First, we will start with Madison. He became President in 1809. He was of the stripe of man who regarded the Christian religion as having been debased when it ever had been entwined with the civil arm to persecute heretics.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In 1784, Madison wrote in his <em>Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments</em> his rationale for rejecting laws intended to establish the Christian religion over other religions. In this speech, he declaimed against the church-state bond that persecuted heretics in ages past which resulted in "spiritual tyranny":</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"During almost fifteen centuries has the legal establishment of Christianity been on trial. What have been its fruits? More or less in all places, pride and indolence in the Clergy, ignorance and servility in the laity; in both, superstition, bigotry and persecution."</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"What influence, in fact, have ecclesiastical establishments had on society? In some instances they have been seen to erect <em><strong>a spiritual tyranny on the ruins of the civil authority</strong></em>;<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930061" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>11</sup></span></a> in many instances they have been seen upholding the<em><strong> thrones of political tyranny</strong></em>; in<em><strong> no instance have they been the guardians of the liberties of the people</strong></em>. Rulers who wish to subvert the public liberty may have found an established clergy convenient auxiliaries. A just government, instituted to secure and perpetuate it, needs them not."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930064" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>12</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"Such a government will he best supported by protecting<strong><em> every citizen in the enjoyment of his religion</em></strong> with the same equal hand which protects his person and his property, -- by neither invading the equal rights of any sect, nor<em><strong> suffering any sect to invade those of another</strong></em>."</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">****</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"Torrents of blood have spilled in the Old World in consequence of vain attempts of the secular arm to extinguish religious discord by<em><strong> prescribing all differences in religious opinion</strong></em>. Time has at length revealed the true remedy. Every relaxation of narrow and rigorous policy, wherever it has been tried, has been found to assuage the disease.<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930070" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">" <sup>13</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The original purpose of the Founding Fathers in the First Amendment is thus clear. Among other purposes, it was to guard the state from ever engaging in a Calvinist-scheme of controlling the religion of man by persecuting heresy using the civil or prosecutorial arm of the state. It is a lesson lost on some prominent Christian voices of today like Pat Robertson.<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930075" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>14</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Instead, Madison wanted a religious liberty which was at total odds with Calvinist doctrine. It was this spirit at total odds with Calvinist doctrine which was the fundamental driving force of the Revolution. The American Revolution was thus not principally made by those who shared Calvin's values as Boettner claimed. It was made primarily by the followers of Christ who saw the crimes of Calvin and the church over centuries, and never wanted those kind of injustices to ever be repeated again on the face of this earth. They wanted religious liberty for everyone.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Ames' Calvinist Spirit At Odds With Madison's Constitution</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Fisher Ames, the lone self-professed Calvinist in Congress, in 1804 was the first member of Congress who sought to undo the civil liberties against religious establishment. He grounded this on Calvinist doctrine. This demonstrates two spirits within Christian denominations which were at odds with each other. There was the Christian spirit of men like Madison who wanted religious toleration of all. And then there was the Calvinist spirit of men like Ames who lost patience very quickly with the experiment, and suggested its repeal.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This is set forth with subtlelty in Ames' 1804 <em>The Dangers of American Liberty</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Ames began this piece, like Calvin would, by smearing the entire nation he lived in as populated by libertines. Ames argued that the country was suffering from a "licentiousness fatal to Liberty." As a result of such decline, Ames claimed there has arisen an "hostility to our religious institutions."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930130" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>15</sup></span></a> Then Ames says the cure is to reverse the course whereby our "religious institutions" have been "abandoned by our laws." But religion, he said, is the support of all governments. What should the government do now that it can see that religion institutions are teetering? Ames said with the government taking no proactive steps, the only basis to religious institutions is mere habit. Ames says the only reason why religious institutions have not yet collapsed was due to the "tenasciousness of ...even a degenerate people" to their "habits."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930134" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>16</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, in point one, Ames is arguing in a round-a-bout manner for the state-establishment of religion, just as at Geneva. It is the only way the laws no longer abandon the cause of religion, and the force of law can restore the languishing, almost dead state of religion (as Ames saw it).</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Second, Ames will give us a further step to stop this decline. Speaking just like Calvin, Ames says we must prefer in the appointment of judges men who "profess the best moral and religious principles...." (<em>Id</em>. at 356.) In other words, legal acumen is not vital. Instead, because if point one is established (<em>i.e</em>., state support for religious institutions), now the judge himself must play a role in enforcing morals and religious values. Hence, Ames says we need judges so trained in religious principles and morals to end the "licentiousness" all about us. Thus, Ames argued, just like Calvin would, that everyone around them is a Libertine, and the only solution is to empower judges to enforce morals and religion. To this end, the church would act as watchdogs of religious and moral principles to feed fresh charges to the judges on a regular basis.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Third, the paralell to Calvin's doctrine continues as Ames takes aim at the press writers. Ames clearly expresses that such men deserve to die for the words they utter. Rather than the Press serving as a tool to fight tyrrany, Ames says the "press has been the base and venal instrument of the very men whom it ought to gibbet [<em>i.e.</em>, hang] to universal abhorrhence." (<em>Id</em>., at 357.) Ames means the press writers should be hanged for the things they say as they are co-conspirators with those degrading morals in our land. Ames would bring back Calvin's persecution of Servetus-like writers as an everyday occurence had he the chance.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Fourth and finally, Ames would adopt Calvin's view on democracy. Calvin said history proves that a combined aristocracy with democracy is the best form of government. (<em>Institutes</em> 4.8.)<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930471" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>17</sup></span></a> What would Ames say about that?</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Ames said the right to vote improperly belongs now to immoral corrupt hands who cannot fathom the information necessary to make any informed decision. "It is in vain, it is indeed childish to say, that an enlightened people will understand their own affairs." (<em>Works of Fisher Ames, supra</em>, at 364.) "How are these millions of students to have access to the means of information?" (<em>Id</em>., at 364.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, Ames leaves us to imply only one solution: the right to vote should be restricted so only an informed elite can vote and elect representatives from within their own elite members, <em>i.e.</em>, an aristocracy.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, Ames, as the lone open Calvinist in the early Congress, reminds us what Calvinists truly believed back then. They shared no agenda in common with the majority on issues of free-will, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and the broad right of suffrage based on minimal qualifications. Ames shows us what the heart of the Calvinists would have been, had they been the leaders of the Revolution. They would have restored the tyrannical regime at Geneva under Calvin. In fact, it can be truly said that <em><strong>no principles of liberty in any government was more antithetical to Calvinist political values than the original United States of America and its Constitution</strong></em>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<div class="footnotes">
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">1.</span> This flows logically from Calvin's belief that God is sovereign over evil, and directs it. Thus, in Calvin's thinking, to seek to overthrow an unjust ruler is to contravene the sovereign will of God.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">2.</span> "John Joachim Zubly," <em>Wikipedia</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">3.</span> <a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.#19283" class="XRef"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">See Statistical Studies of Founders' Faith</span></a> et seq.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">4.</span> <a href="http://graceonlinelibrary.org/articles/full.asp?id=70%7C%7C868">http://graceonlinelibrary.org/articles/full.asp?id=70%7C%7C868</a> (accessed 6/8/08)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">5.</span> Quoted without citation in Egbert Watson Smith, <em>The Creed of Presbyterians</em> (Baker & Taylor Co., 1901) at 119.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">6.</span> "Famous Calvinists,"<a href="http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html"> http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html</a> (accessed 6/5/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">7.</span> <a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.#18542" class="XRef"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">See Ames' Calvinist Spirit At Odds With Madison's Constitution</span></a>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">8.</span> http://www.bizforum.org/FFR.htm (accessed 6/8/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">9.</span><a href="http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html"> http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html</a> (accessed 6/8/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">10.</span> "John Calvin's system was the archetype of Winthrop's. In youth, Winthrop studied carefully the works of John Calvin." John A. Taylor, <em>British Monarchy, English Church Establishment, and Civil Liberty</em> (Greenwood Publishing, 1993) at 34.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">11.</span> It seems most likely that Madison here is specifically referring to Calvin's role in the Servetus Affair.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">12.</span> William Cabell Rives, <em>History of the Life and Times of James Madison</em> (1859) at 637, top para. and bottom para. However, Calvinists persist in seeing in Madison "echoes of Calvin." But the idea of checks-and-balances because of human proclivity to evil is based on history, and not a religious doctrine of human depravity.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">13.</span> William Cabell Rives, <em>History of the Life and Times of James Madison</em> (1859) at 638.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">14.</span> While I strongly admire the spiritual work of Pat Robertson, I find it troubling he says the "separation of church and state" is a "<em><strong>lie of the left</strong></em>," and Christians must "work together .... [to win] back control of the institutions that have been taken from them over the past 70 years." (Pat Roberston, <em>Pat Robertson Perspective </em>(Fall 1991).) Since 70 years ago, there has been no official religion in the USA. I therefore doubt Pat means what this quote sounds like. But Pat is wrong factually. Our founders did understand the First Amendment to create a wall of separation. How that was originally meant and how it is often today defined has diverged, and therein lies the problem. See accompanying text above to this footnote.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">15.</span> Ames, "Fisher Ames 1758-1808: The Dangers of American Liberty," in Charles S. Hyneman, <em>American Political Writing During the Founding Era: 1760-1805</em> (1983) vol. 2; <em>Works of Fisher Ames</em> (Little Brown, 1854) at 345, 356.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Ames is an excellent writer, filled with brilliant wit. When Fisher Ames talks about the dangers of democracy, as distinct from a republican form of government, he is excellent. Yet, he saw the USA as overcome by "democratic licentiousness" (<em>id.</em>, at 348), and that some of the experiment had to be reversed.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">16.</span> <em>Works of Fisher Ames</em> (Little Brown, 1854) at 356.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">17.</span> However, Calvin said that Scripture supports that obedience should only be given "one man" to "whose will all others are subjected." (<em>Institutes</em> 4.7.)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1259473<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
533
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/50-ourfirstamendment.html
Normal file
533
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/50-ourfirstamendment.html
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/50-ourfirstamendment.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Our First Amendment" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Our First Amendment</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><span>For Ezra had devoted himself to the study and observance of the Law of the LORD, and to teaching its decrees and laws in Israel. (Ezra 7:10.)</span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 5099" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "5099") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1>The Origins of Our First Amendment & The Servetus Affair</h1>
|
||||
<h2>A. Background of the US First Amendment</h2>
|
||||
<p><span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The phrase "[A] hedge or </span><em>wall of separation</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"> between<em><strong> the garden of the church</strong></em> and the <strong><em>wilderness of the world</em></strong>" was first used by Baptist theologian </span><a style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" title="Roger Williams (theologian)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Williams_(theologian)">Roger Williams</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">, the founder of the colony of </span><a style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" title="Rhode Island" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island">Rhode Island</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">, in his 1644 book </span><em><a class="mw-redirect" title="The Bloody Tenent of Persecution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bloody_Tenent_of_Persecution">The Bloody Tenent of Persecution</a></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">.</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">In "The Bloody Tenent" Wikipedia, we read:</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>Using biblical reasoning, the book argues for a "wall of separation" between </span><a title="Separation of church and state" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state">church and state</a><span> and for state toleration of various Christian denominations, including Catholicism, and also "paganish, Jewish, Turkish or anti-Christian consciences and worships."</span><sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bloody_Tenent_of_Persecution#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup><span> The book takes the form of a dialogue between Truth and Peace and is a response to correspondence by Boston minister, </span><a title="John Cotton (Puritan)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cotton_(Puritan)">John Cotton</a><span>, regarding Cotton's support for state enforcement of </span><a title="Religious uniformity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_uniformity">religious uniformity</a><span> in Massachusetts. Through his interpretation of the Bible, Williams argues that </span><a title="Christianity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity">Christianity</a><span> requires the existence of a separate </span><a title="Civil authority" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_authority">civil authority</a><span> that may not generally infringe upon </span><a class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty of conscience" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_of_conscience">liberty of conscience</a><span> which Williams interpreted to be a God given right.</span><sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bloody_Tenent_of_Persecution#cite_note-books.google.com-1">[2]</a><img style="float: right;" alt="bloudy_tenent_of_persecution_for_cause_of_conscience_by_roger_williams" height="292" width="220" src="/images/stories/JWOBook/bloudy_tenent_of_persecution_for_cause_of_conscience_by_roger_williams.jpg" /></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">In 1776, Jefferson and James Madison were delegates and close friends in colonial Virginia's legislature although Jefferson was eight years Madison's senior. In 1776, Madison proposed to Virginia's Constitution:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>[A]ll men are equally entitled to the full and </span><br /><span>free exercise of [religion], according to the </span><br /><span>dictates of conscience...." (Craig Smith, <a href="http://www.csulb.edu/~crsmith/mad.html">Madison and the Constitution</a>.)</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">From this point forward "the two became fast friends upon meeting in 1776 and remained friends until Jefferson's death fifty years later on July 4, l826." (<em>Id</em>.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">In 1779, Jefferson this time took the lead in the Virginia legislature to get such a bill passed. <span> I</span><span>n 1779 Jefferson presented a bill to guarantee full religious liberty to all Virginians—not merely tax exemptions to non-Anglicans. Jefferson met with resistance from those who deemed his measure too radical. Among them was Patrick Henry, who countered by proposing a “general assessment” on all citizens to support Christianity itself as the established religion of Virginia. “What we have to do I think is devoutly to pray for his [Henry’s] death,” Jefferson joked in a letter to Madison.</span><span> (<a href="http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/sepchust.htm">National Humanities Center</a>.) The bill failed.</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Jefferson and Madison were undaunted, and continued to press the Virginia legislature to grant the right of religious liberty. Madison responded to Henry that government's role was not to promote any religion. If Virginia sponsored all Christian religions, as Henry requested, it would be dangerous to liberty, for “Who does not see that the same authority, which can establish Christianity, in exclusion of all other Religions, may establish with the same ease any particular sect of Christians, in exclusion of all other Sects?” </span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>In 1785, Thomas Jefferson wrote </span><a target="_blank" href="http://historyofideas.org/toc/modeng/public/JefVirg.html"><em>Notes on the State of Virginia</em></a><span> (1785), and said in similar fashion: “The legitimate powers of government extend to such acts only as are injurious to others. But it does me no injury for my neighbor to say that there or twenty gods or no God. It neither picks my pocket nor breaks my leg.” (C.L. Heyrman, "<a href="http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/sepchust.htm">The Separation of Church and State</a>.")</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>In 1786, the Virginia legislature finally passed </span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.vahistorical.org/sva2003/vsrf.htm">Jefferson’s bill for religious freedom</a><span>. It provided that “…no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever…<strong><em>nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief</em></strong>; but that all men shall be <strong><em>free to profess,</em></strong> and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities.” (<em>Id.</em>)</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">The reasoning of the two men -- Madison and Jefferson -- were so identical on this issue that when Jefferson in 1789 sent his draft provision on what became the first amendment, it read almost identical to what Madison drafted -- even though Jefferson's version came late in the mails from France during 1789. In it Jefferson insisted that "all persons shall have full and free liberty of religious opinion; nor shall any be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious institution." (</span><a style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" href="http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/spring07/jefferson.cfm">History.org</a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Thus, by long collaboration in the Virginia Legislature on the identical terms of what became the First Amendment, it can fairly be said that <strong><em>both</em></strong> Madison and Jefferson were its drafters.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">On January 1, 1802, Jefferson explained the thinking behind the First Amendment to the Baptist Association of Danbury, Connecticut, and being the literate man Jefferson was, he alluded to Roger William's book of 1644 -- <em>The Bloody Tenent </em>which mentioned the goal of a 'wall of separation between church and state':</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>"Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man & his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should ‘make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,’ thus <strong><em>building a wall of separation between Church & State</em></strong>."</span>(</span><span>Boyd, Julian P., Charles T. Cullen, John Catanzariti, Barbara B. Oberg, et al, eds. </span><a target="_blank" rel="external" class="external text" title="http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6323" href="http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6323"><em>The Papers of Thomas Jefferson</em></a><span>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950 at </span><span>36:258. Source: <a href="http://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/jeffersons-religious-beliefs#footnote9_7nwwu3x">Monticello.org</a>.)</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>B. The Servetus Affair</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Servetus Affair helps us further understand our First Amendment. In fact, that episode with Servetus was an event mentioned many times by the first drafter of the First Amendment, Thomas Jefferson. It indubitably helps explain what he meant by the rationale for the First Amendment as creating a separation of church and state.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">What a history lesson teaches is that the modern practice of distinct boundaries -- the church having domain over conscience and the state over true crimes -- was the real objective behind the doctrine of separation of church and state as reflected in the First Amendment. (<em>Reynolds v. U.S.</em> (1879) (that metaphor "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the amendment.") Thankfully, the First Amendment has largely succeeded in its original purpose.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, because many modern jurists have forgotten the Servetus Affair, they are also slowly losing grip on the true meaning of and purpose of the First Amendment. As a result, the law is slipping backwards as the explosion of hate-crime legislation proves.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Indeed, the concept of `separation of church and state' by Jefferson in his famous letter of 1802 was <strong><em>meant to reflect the lessons learned from the Servetus Affair</em></strong>. Jefferson was very familiar with the Servetus case, having written elsewhere that modern-day Calvinists were accusing a Dr. Cooper of "Unitarianism...as if it were a crime, and one for which, like <strong><em>Servetus</em></strong>, he should be burned...." <sup>1</sup> Jefferson also bemoaned modern day Calvinists who rely upon "their oracle Calvin who consumed the poor <em><strong>Servetus</strong></em>." <sup>2</sup> Jefferson spoke again of "the fire and faggots [<em>i.e.</em>, burning logs] of Calvin and his victim <strong><em>Servetus</em></strong>." <sup>3 </sup>In another allusion to the Servetus' case, Jefferson said "the Trinitarian idea triumphed not by reason but by the word of the fanatic Athanasius, and grew in the blood of thousands and thousands of martyrs." <sup>4</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Only with that context can one deeply understand Jefferson's famous letter of 1802 (and Roger William's reference in 1644). Jefferson explains the rationale to the First Amendment was to form "<em><strong>a wall of separation between church and state</strong></em>." But this did not mean a wall at the public courthouse prohibiting entry of an emblem of the Ten Commandments. It did not mean we cannot put "in God we trust" on our coins. It did not mean our patriotic anthem cannot thank God for our blessings. These are<strong><em> childish applications</em></strong> of the literal words about `separation.' </span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Rather, the prohibition on Establishing Religion or Abridging the freedom of religion in the First Amendment had primarily to do with the countours of <strong><em>punishment or state burdens (like taxes) over conscience</em></strong>. Jefferson explained in this same letter to the Danbury Baptist Association (Jan. 1, 1802) what he meant. It matches precisely the lessons learned from the Servetus Affair:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">"All attempts to influence [religious thoughts] by <strong><em>temporal punishments or burdens</em></strong>, or by civil incapacitations, tend only to <em><strong>beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness</strong></em>, and are a departure from the plan of the Holy Author of our religion, who being both Lord of body and mind, yet chose <strong><em>not to propagate it by coercions </em></strong>on either, as was his Almighty power to do." <sup>5</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, Jefferson meant that the state had no role any longer in imposing on the liberty of conscience (<em>i.e</em>., our First Amendment, transgressed by "meanness" in the Servetus Affair). Conscience was the domain of the church or private belief. At the same time, the church had no right to inflict in matters of conscience the punishments or burdens that belonged to the state, such as deportation, confinement, taxes or death (<em>i.e.</em>, transgressed by Calvin's use of the criminal courts to punish heresy). Hence, <em><strong>the powers of the state were kept from the church</strong></em>. They were not to be used in matters of conscience which belonged to the kingdom of God. Hence, a wall. Luther's theory in the 1500s of two kingdoms was a precursor of this view.<sup>6</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">What was on his mind was the same concern when Jefferson the bill which got passed into the Virginia Constitution in 1776 which ended civil punishments for not attending church.<sup>8 </sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Similar changes took place outside Virginia during 1776-1777 as the legislatures repealed taxes which had been imposed on everyone to pay for the state churches in Massachusetts and Connecticut. See our discussion of the same under the "<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/137-glasites.html">Glasite</a>" movement which influenced such new ideals.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Hence, the wall of which Jefferson spoke was <em><strong>not to separate any emblem of Law that comes from religion such as the Ten Commandments. </strong><span style="font-style: normal;">He would laugh if someone wished to take 'In God We Trust' off our coin.</span><strong> </strong></em>Rather, what was on the mind of the founders was the Servetus Affair, and the need to put<em><strong> a wall separating the church from any longer using the state's power to punish or coerce to force a religious belief or practice upon any single individual</strong></em>. If you failed to believe, or failed to attend church, or did not want to support a church body, the punishment or imposing a burden on your decision <strong><em>no longer belonged to the state</em></strong>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, reviewing the Servetus Affair helps remind us that the principle of 'separation of church and state' did not originate to remove symbols of religion on public land or buildings or coins. To think religion could be established by mere civic expressions of a generalized faith in God or appreciation for the Ten Commandments is silly. To think that prohibiting such activities was the First Amendment's intended purpose (or could ever be its intended meaning) is to lose sight of its true message that the state should not impose its terrifying penalties or painful burdens for wrong belief or failure to financially support a church. Putting up the 10 Commandments in Court imposes no penalties for looking away. Putting "in God we trust" on a bill does not reward its user for its use, or penalize anyone who does not agree with its statement.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Implication on Hate Crime Legislation</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This is why modern hate crime legislation,<sup>9 </sup>which exacerbates criminal penalties based on hateful beliefs, is so inimical to the underlying premise of the separation of church and state. The true theory behind that phrase was that matters of private <strong><em>belief</em></strong>, whether religious or otherwise, would no longer be punished with criminal penalties. Once hate crimes were legitimized in the U.S.,<sup>10</sup> and now exist in 43 states, it was no surprise that<strong><em> expressive</em></strong> gestures that do no physical harm but which `intimidate' others can now be criminalized, so says the Supreme Court. <sup>11</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The better solution is to use wholesome teaching on civic responsibilities, supported by appropriate civil damages after-the-fact and/or injunctions to correct the effects of invidious bias and socially-unacceptable ideas (<em>e.g</em>., false and misleading defamation, civil rights violations, etc.). On the other hand, it should be strongly presumed as<em><strong> wrong to use criminal penalties to change the way people think</strong></em>. Hate-crime legislation should be subjected to the heighest scrutiny, given the original goals of the First Amendment. It was originally intended to correct for the<em><strong> abuse of criminal laws over conscience</strong></em>, as the Servetus Affair was etched into the minds of those who drafted the amendment.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, whenever criminal penalties today are heightened purely on the basis of <em><strong>socially undesirable</strong></em> thoughts, that hits at the core of what the First Amendment sought to eradicate. Having lost the memory of the Servetus Affair has caused the loss of memory of what was the core purpose of the First Amendment. This memory loss has opened the door to approval of hate-crime legislation among other slips in upholding freedom of speech and religion.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Side-Note on Jefferson's Support of Government Bequests to Christian Causes</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Many claim that Jefferson's own legislative policies prove the state can fund Christian causes in the USA without violating the Establishment of Religion Clause. They cite the fact Jefferson supported the federal government giving money to build a Catholic church for an Indian tribe, and supporting Congress giving missionary money to preach the gospel to the `heathen.'<sup>7</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, Jefferson probably regarded support of a Christian religion among non-US citizens, <em>i.e.</em>, Indians (as they were then viewed as a 'foreign nation') and "heathen" in other lands did not transgress the Establishment of Religion clause of the First Amendment. It is doubtful he would have agreed on such expenses to promote a specific church or religion among US citizens inside the USA.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">For more information, see "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution">First Amendment</a>,"<em>Wikipedia.</em></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><em>See also</em> Philip Hamburger, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=s1pzTh9oh2gC">Separation of Church and State</a> (2002)<br />--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">1. May 1820, quoted in <em>The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia</em> (1900) at 207.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">2. Edwin Scott Gaustad, <em>Sworn on the Altar of God: A Religious Biography of Thomas Jefferson</em> (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1996) at 177.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">3. Thomas Jefferson, <em>Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies: From the Papers of Thomas Jefferson</em> (F. Carr & Co., 1829) at 45-46.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">4. Charles B. Sanford, <em>The religious life of Jefferson</em> (1984) at 90.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">5. <em>Social and Political Philosophy</em> (John Sommerville & Ronald E. Santoni, eds.) (1963) at 247. The back-draft negative effect of zealous pursuit of mere heresy was that we lost the ability to prosecute the only religious crime which was ever legitimately also a public crime: blasphemy. But since we are not angels, and do not follow the Bible's requirement of two eye-witnesses, it appears we are far from ready to ever re-invigorate such a crime into modern codes.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">6. Justo L. Gonzalez, <em>The Story of Christianity </em>(Harper Collins, 1984) at 36.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">7. David E. Guinn, <em>Faith on Trial: Communities of Faith, the First Amendment, and the Theory of Deep Diversity</em> (Lexington Books, 2006) at 31.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">8. Marion Levy, Leonard W. Levy,<em> Seasoned Judgments: The American Constitution, etc</em> (Transaction Publishers, 1997) at 100.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">9. Once authorized by the Supreme Court in 1993, hate-crimes are now used in 43 states. They provide enhanced penalties if a defendant in committing the crime acted with a purpose to intimidate an individual or group of individuals because of race, color, gender, handicap, religion, sexual orientation or ethnicity. A hate crime is not a crime where the hateful motive is relevant to proving the elements of crime, contrary to how some explain these laws. So far, a hate crime is something already criminal which is<em><strong> punished more severely because the ideology (motive) behind the hate was a societally-rejected bias</strong></em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">10. In approving hate-crime legislation, the Supreme Court engaged in a euphemism to resolve its contradiction of sound jurisprudence. It first admitted correctly this principle: "But it is equally true that a defendant's <strong><em>abstract beliefs</em></strong>, however <strong><em>obnoxious to most people</em></strong>, may not be taken into consideration by a sentencing judge." <em>Wisconsin v. Mitchell</em>, 508 U.S. 476, 485 (U.S. 1993). However, then by labelling the enhancement as punishing the <strong><em>evil motive </em></strong>of selecting a victim due to an ideology (there racism), the Supreme Court said this was not punishing thought, <em>i.e.</em>, abstract beliefs. Yet, it is indeed punishing thought, albeit a more dangerous thought that may lead to crimes.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Dr. Phyllis Gerstenfeld in <em>The Hate Debate and Policy Problems</em> (Sage Publications: 2004) mentions this criticism, and says "I admit to <strong><em>still feeling ambivalent</em></strong> on this matter myself." She adds: "I remain<strong><em> firmly on the fence</em></strong>." (<em>Id.</em>, at 3, 37.) In other words, she feels queezy about adding penalties to an act that is already criminal solely because of the kind of thoughts held by the perpetrator. Perhaps the biggest problem is that such a statute, in the wrong hands, is an evil weapon, which we saw how it worked in Calvin's hands in 1553. Today, any prosecution of any crime, if a prosecutor wishes to intimidate a defendant, can turn your life upside down. The prosecutor simply starts<em><strong> interviewing all your friends and family to find out any hateful thoughts you ever expressed about a person in the category of your alleged victim.</strong></em> If it is there, the prosecution becomes a vendetta against your abstract thoughts if they can fall into the category of 'evil motive.' Hence, we have arrived at punishing abstract thoughts on the pretense we are not doing so, and are merely punishing an evil motive. These are words without any distinction.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">11. "The First Amendment permits Virginia to outlaw cross burnings done with the intent to intimidate because burning a cross is a particularly virulent form of intimidation."<em> Virginia v. Black</em>, 538 U.S. 343, 363 (U.S. 2003)(held without such limitation, it was unconstitutional).</span></p>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1259619<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
524
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/51-dangerofcalvinism.html
Normal file
524
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/51-dangerofcalvinism.html
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/51-dangerofcalvinism.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Danger of Calvinism" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Danger of Calvinism</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >"Whatever the devil cannot be or do as it relates to God in Jesus Christ, he will either <strong>counterfeit</strong> or wipe out." Gary Flannigan, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">111: The Media War</span> (2008) at 131.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 4470" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "4470") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1>The Danger of Calvinism To the Freedom of Religion in the Netherlands</h1>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">As an aside, the Netherlands is a lesson in how a constitutional guarantee of freedom of religion in a true democratic republic can be usurped by a militant religious party. This is more important than ever as candidates from both the Democrat and Republican parties both support `faith-based' inititives--a dangerous precedent to the freedom of religion to those `faiths' not favored by government largesse.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">After the Netherlands declaration of independence, it formed a new government known as The United Provinces of the Netherlands or the Dutch Republic. It lasted from 1581 to 1795. The Dutch Republic was a compromise system between Catholics and Protestants.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Like the USA in Almost Every Way: Our Clear Model</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Dutch Republic provided the best example of a true confederative republic to our young United States. Upon closer examination, it is obviously the source of our own Constitution in almost every detail, even on the guarantee of the freedom of religion. Early supporters of the American revolutionists came from the Dutch who had strong roots as the original founders of New Amsterdam, later known as New York. It obviously was their contribution of ideas taken from the Netherland's Constitution that helped shape the system adopted in our Constitution.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the Netherlands up to that time, each of the seven provinces were governed by its local Provincial States, and by a stadtholder (governor) who was subordinate to his respective Provincial State. Some provinces were Catholic, and others Protestant. Some were democratic and some were aristocratic, such as Holland. Each province had one vote in the senate of sovereign states also known as the States General. The States General alone could declare war or conclude peace. Their resolutions were decisive law for the Republic. It alone appointed ambassadors although the ambassadors reported to the President of the Republic (soon to be discussed). All cities formed virtual independent states. At the same time, the primary stadtholder akin to a President was elected and subject to the States General, <em>i.e.</em>, the national legislative body. He was also the captain-general and admiral-general, but he could not declare war or make peace. This president alone had the right to appoint magistrates. This confederative republic lasted just over 200 years.<sup><strong>1</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the Dutch Republic, freedom of conscience was enshrined in the 1579 Union of Utrecht, the Republic's basic constitutional document. Article 13 of the Union specifically states, "each person shall <strong><em>remain free, especially in his religion</em></strong>, and that no one shall be persecuted or investigated<strong><em> because of their religion</em></strong>."</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, the Calvinists used their influence to come to dominate the Dutch Republic and soon made Calvinism the <em>de facto</em> state religion in violation of the Netherlands Constitution.<sup><strong>2</strong></sup> Soon laws were made that outlawed Catholic, Lutheran or Anabaptist worship. In the Catholic provinces, an oath was required of public servants that they would fight the "papist religion" which had the effect of disqualifying all Catholics from public office<strong>.</strong><sup><strong>3</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">There were efforts to correct this Constitutional imbalance in favor of the Calvinist Reformed Church. This effort at enforcing the freedom-of-religion clause in the Dutch Constitution began ironically in what later became the United States.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Calvinist Death Penalties At Boston</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1656, the Quakers of Boston were threatened by death by the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony--chartered by and thus controlled by the Dutch Republic. In 1656, Endicott, the governor, threatened the Quakers <sup><strong>4</strong></sup> with the death penalty. "Take heed," he said, "ye break not our ecclesiastical laws, for then ye are sure to stretch by a halter."<sup><strong>5</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Dutch rulers in America were serious. Four Quakers were executed thereafter solely for their beliefs. These became known as the Boston martyrs. Three were English members of the Society of Friends: Marmaduke Stephenson, William Robinson and Mary Dyer. The fourth was Friend William Leddra of Barbados. Each were "condemned to death and executed by public hanging for their religious beliefs under the legislature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1659, 1660 and 1661."<sup><strong>6</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<h2>The 1657 Remonstrance</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">It is in this context that we can now understand the courage of those who in 1657 signed a petition called the Flushing Remonstrance. It sought to correct this error, asking that freedom of conscience be restored.<sup><strong>7</strong></sup> Flushing was in what is today Flushing Queens on Long Island. Many of those who signed it happened to also be Englishman, thus revealing how their ideas later percolated in the British colonies. Also, one can see the demand for religious freedom in what later became the United States was first sought <strong><em>against Calvinist encroachment</em></strong> under the Dutch Constitution. A mild irony from our Creator to teach us how history runs in circles.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Edward Hart was the town clerk of Vlissingen (as Flushing, Long Island, was then known in Dutch) and he wrote this remarkable remonstrance. It was signed by thirty-one fellow townsmen on December 27, 1657. It was in opposition to West India Company Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant's harsh ordinance against anyone found harboring Quakers. (Baptists too had been persecuted under the same ordinance.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Remonstrance in opposition cited the Flushing patent of 1645. It had promised "the right to have and enjoy <strong><em>liberty of conscience, according to the custom and manner of Holland</em></strong>, without molestation or disturbance from any magistrates, or any other ecclesiastical minister."<sup><strong>8</strong></sup> The Remonstrance asked for enforcement of this provision, which was based upon Article 13 of the Netherlands' Utrecht Union Constitution.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Remonstrance stated that the "molestation" clause of their town charter of 1645 was granted "in the name of the States General" by West India Company resident director Willem Kieft, and could not be withdrawn by a later director. The petitioners protested "we can not condemn them [Quakers]" nor "punish, banish or persecute them."</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Stuyvesant replied with reasoning reminiscent of Calvin's own, that this freedom of religion had permitted the moral license of this "disobedient community" and thus freedom of religion was justly abridged.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">As a result, Stuyvesant charged that the town had violated the director-general's orders and New Netherland's charters, which stated "<strong><em>no other religion</em></strong> shall be publicly admitted in New Netherland except the Reformed." The term "Reformed" was short for the Dutch Reformed Church. Stuyvesant arrested Hart and Vlissingen scout Tobias Feake who delivered the remonstrance to him, and two other Vlissingen magistrates who had signed the document. Under this pressure the signatories recanted the document and admitted their "error."</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, the first effort to hold up the constitutional and foundational city-charters against later decrees failed.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Dutch Legal Scholars in the 1700s Try to Voice Constitutional Concerns</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the mid-1700s, Christian Trotz, a legal scholar and professor at Utrecht in the Netherlands in 1755, did a thorough analysis of the Netherlands Constitution. He concluded the Calvinist Reformed Church had usurped, in essence, the freedom of religion granted in Article 13. He claimed upholding one religion over another was an irrelevant objective within the framework of the Constitution of the Netherlands state.<sup><strong>9</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">But in reply, Cornelis van Bynkershoek (1673-1743) argued that Article 13 did not trump `states rights'--the independence of each province to determine the public faith to perpetuate. <em>Id.</em></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, under that approach, Article 13 would thereby be gutted. It said: "each person shall remain free, especially in his religion, and that no one shall be persecuted or investigated because of their religion." Thus, in the Netherlands, no law could infringe the freedom of religion of any person, regardless of <strong><em>which state</em></strong> made the law.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Yet, Joris van Eijnatten points out that "contemporary commentators eagerly appropriated the argument" of Bynkershoek.<sup><strong>10</strong></sup><sup> </sup>Thus, because Article 13 did not explicitly prohibit laws abridging freedom of religion, each individual state could do so and somehow not violate the right of "each person" to their own religious belief.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Obviously, this reading was ignoring the implied prohibition on making any law abridging the freedom of conscience. Article 13 had come to be a dead letter. The Calvinists in each province came to control the laws, and thus defeated the right of "each person" to their own religious beliefs.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Notice How Carefully Worded Is Our First Amendment</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The First Amendment to our own Constitution tried correcting the wording of such a right. It not only enshrined the "freedom of religion" of each person, but also prescribed<em><strong> Congress</strong></em> from making any law to "abridge" the freedom of religion. The Calvinist loophole in the Netherlands' Constitution was closed by our very wise founding fathers. Of course, they preserved state rights, but most states preserved the freedom of religion, following the lead of the founders in this respect in each state. Thus, our First Amendment took away the argument of the Dutch Calvinist legal scholars who found a way to ignore the implied prohibition on making laws establishing religion in Article 13 of the Utrecht Constitution.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Yet, what the Calvinists did in the Netherlands can happen in any country that lets its laws degrade into the support of religion. The law that favors one faith or groups of faith naturally saps the energy of the others, and thus undermines those of different faiths or those of no faith.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><br />--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">1. See Friedrich Edler, <em>The Dutch Republic and the American Revolution</em> (The Johns Hopkins Press, 1911) at 11-12 fn. 2. See also, "Dutch Republic," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">2. In 1651, a law was passed that no organized religion that had not existed when the republic was formed could be authorized to be practiced in the Netherlands. See Joris van Eijnatten, <em>Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Brill, 2002) at 257.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">3. "Dutch Republic," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">4. "The Friends believed that God's grace did not filter through the hierarchy of the religious elite, but reached each person directly. In taking this theological approach, the Quakers bypassed the authority of clergy and rulers, and recognized that the common person could be elevated to the `priesthood of all believers.' This rendered the current cultural order obsolete and formed the core ideal of the American republic that would arise more than a century later." "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at <a href="http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/">http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">5. "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at <a href="http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/">http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">6. "Boston Martyrs," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">7. See "The Flushing Remonstrance," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">8. The patent is quoted in "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at <a href="http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/">http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">9. See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2002) at 255.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">10. See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2002) at 255.</span></p>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1259518<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
686
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/68-calvin-bear-resonsibility.html
Normal file
686
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/68-calvin-bear-resonsibility.html
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/68-calvin-bear-resonsibility.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Calvin, inquisition, Huguenots, Sevetus, Acton, Erasmus, anti-Catholicism" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Calvin Bear Responsibility" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="John Calvin's responsibility for Catholic Inquisition in persecution of Huguenots in St. Bartholomew Day Massacre and in Netherhands under the Duke d'Alva" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Calvin Bear Responsibility</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >"Christians get sidetracked. <strong><em>They begin with Paul, not Jesus</em></strong>." (Bercot, <em>Common Sense</em>, 1992)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 8581" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "8581") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h2>Does Calvin Bear Any Responsibility for Later Slaughters by Catholics of Calvinists?</h2>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1"><strong>Calvin Was Begged To Repent in 1554 To Save Lives</strong></h1>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1554, critics of Calvin warned that Calvin's killing of Servetus as a mere heretic would give fresh impetus to the Roman Catholic Church to repeal the toleration that it exercised since 1520 toward the Protestant `heresy' (as Catholics viewed it.) Calvin should have foreseen the danger that his conduct would justify the Catholic church to persecute Protestant heretics, for Calvin's action undercut the principled Protestant arguments against persecuting heretics that had caused Catholicism to sheepishly withdraw the practice of persecution by 1520.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, Calvin having had Servetus killed for heresy in 1553, Calvin provided Catholics, as Pastor Benson pointed out in 1753, with "an <em><strong>invincible argument</strong></em> against themselves [<em>i.e.</em>, the Calvinists]" that any killing of Calvinist Protestant heretics by Catholics would now be just.<span class="footnote"> <sup>1</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Fritz Barth (1856-1912) made the same point in<em> Calvin und Servet </em>(1909) that the "gravely compromised Calvinism ... put into the hands of the Catholics...the <em><strong>very best weapon for the persecution of the Huguenots </strong></em>[<em>i.e</em>., Calvinists of France], who were nothing but heretics in their eyes."<span class="footnote"><sup>2</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Zagorin summarizes Calvin's response to this argument in his <em>Defensio</em> of 1554. Calvin was answering Christian critics who warned Calvin's new principle within Protestantism of killing heretics will lead to the Catholics to revisit their then current pattern of tolerating Protestants:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">He<strong><em> dismissed</em></strong> the argument that the Protestants' punishment of heretics <strong>would likewise justify the Catholics' persecution of Protestants</strong>, answering that Catholics were wrong because they persecuted the truth, whereas Protestants defended the true religion ordained by God.<sup><span class="footnote">3</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Calvin was using a lawyer's trick in this reply. He changed the issue and then answered the question which he preferred. Calvin never properly addressed the problem whether Calvin's violent ideas toward heretics could revive Catholic violent intolerance of Protestant heretics, as it later did.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In other words, if Calvin's principle of death-to-heretics were well-publicized, as it came to be, then the Catholic leaders would learn Calvinists concurred on that issue. Then, based upon Calvin's clear defense of killing heretics, Roman Catholics could re-assert death to Protestant heretics. At least, the <em><strong>Catholics would be justified killing Calvinist Protestants because the Calvinist leader conceded the principle</strong></em>. The Calvinist Protestants did not all live in safety like Calvin did in Geneva. Over 100,000 Calvinist Huguenots lived in Catholic France. Several million Calvinists lived in the Netherlands under Catholic rule. They were all at risk if Calvin miscalculated what his example of murderous intolerance at Geneva in 1553 would signal to Rome.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The question the critic wanted answered was a good one: `What if the Catholics of France or the Netherlands learn from you a principle, unless you repent quickly, that will be turned on the Calvinists in each land, leaving them <strong><em>no moral defense to say the principle of killing them as heretics is wrong</em></strong>?'</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>The Boomerang Consequence of Calvin's Intolerance</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Roman Catholic Inquisition's murder of the Calvinists of the Netherlands in 1568 and those of France in 1572, as we shall soon discuss, thus turned in significant part on the failure of Calvin to repent. Calvin's reversal in 1554 of his prior doctrine of tolerance, and then insistence that killing heretics was absolute and inviolable, had foreseeable tragic consequences.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">That's the reason why Calvin did not address this crucial point of his critic. As a consequence, the lives of over 25,000 Huguenots -- perhaps as many as 100,000 -- were seized prematurely in 1572. It appears at least 20,000 were killed in the Netherlands in 1568. This was largely due to the fact their spiritual leader -- Calvin -- did not have the good sense of repenting from his decision to have Servetus killed in 1553 as a heretic. For the<strong><em> Catholics took no similar action against the Lutherans who made a mutual pact with the Catholics to never persecute one another as heretic</em></strong>s. They each had the <em><strong>Peace of Augsburg</strong></em> protecting them. Catholics and Lutherans had agreed that no Lutheran or Catholic "heretic" in the other's domain would be killed merely for heresy.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, no action was taken by Catholics against Lutherans in this entire period. By contrast, after 1554 when Calvin announced death to heretics, and when the Catholic effort in 1561 failed to enter into the same agreement as the Peace of Augsberg with the Calvinists of France (see<em> infra</em>), the Roman Catholics used the Inquisition in Spain and France as murderous weapons upon the Calvinists.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Let's review this in more detail. The salient facts are simply more tragedies that belong on Calvin's long list of bad "fruit."<strong><a name="pgfId=532142"></a></strong></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
<h3>Roman Catholic Toleration Is Ended Only For Calvinist Protestants As A Matter of Self-Defense</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Calvin can be blamed in significant part for subsequent Catholic resort to killing of Calvinists as heretics. As a French text bitterly relates this consequence from Calvin's defense of the right to kill heretics: "[Calvin's Defensio of 1554] <strong><em>furnished the Catholics an invincible argument</em></strong>... against the Protestants who had reproached them previously against any killing the Calvinists of France." (Louis Mayeul Chaudon, "Servetus," <em>Dictionnaire universel historique</em> (1812) XIX:156.) One can hear the bitterness between the lines of Chaudon's heartbreak over what happened next.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">What Calvin had single-handedly done is unwind all the progress at fostering tolerance by Catholics for the Calvinist Protestants in particular, and especially those of France and the Netherlands.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">For Erasmus in 1520 successfully poured shame on the Catholics for persecuting heretics. This had the immediate effect of insulating Lutherans. Erasmus' pleas created an era of Catholic tolerance of the Lutheran Protestants from 1520 onward. The Catholics still regarded all Protestants as heretics, yet took no effort at massive violent suppression until its clear hand in the 1568 execution of Calvinists in the Netherlands and the 1572 massacres of Calvinist Huguenots.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Lord <a name="marker=924574"></a> Acton (a Catholic) pointed out this Catholic tolerance lasted from 1520 until the Catholic church's wars on the Calvinists, plotted in the late 1560s.<span class="footnote"><sup>4</sup></span></span><strong><a name="pgfId=943339"></a></strong></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
<h3>Calvin's Responsibility for the 1568 Decree That All Inhabitants Of The Netherlands Should Be Killed</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">After 1537, "Calvinism became the theological system of the majority in...the Netherlands."<a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#pgfId=943343" class="footnote"> </a><sup><span class="footnote">5</span></sup> "The third wave of the Reformation, Calvinism, arrived in the Netherlands in the 1560s, converting both parts of the elite and the common population, mostly in Flanders."<span class="footnote"> <sup>6</sup></span> "By the 1560s, the Protestant community had become a significant influence in the Netherlands, although it clearly formed a minority then."<span class="footnote"> <sup>7</sup></span> Yet, this was a <strong>Catholic land</strong>. Its Spanish ruler, Philip II, King of Spain, engaged in various oppressions of the Calvinists. Then in 1566, some Calvinists apparently committed a systematic vandalism of idolatrous images in Catholic churches.<sup><span class="footnote">8</span> </sup>This was not a political but a religious rebellion. However, Philip called it a `rebellion' and sent Spanish troops into the Netherlands to suppress it. In 1568, the "Spanish government, under <a name="marker=943494"></a> Phillip II started harsh prosecution campaigns, supported by the Spanish Inquisition."<sup><span class="footnote"> 9</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">These "harsh prosecution campaigns" against defenseless citizens is recounted in John Lothrop Motley (1814-1877)'s<em> Rise of the Dutch Republic </em>(N.Y.: 1856)(reprint Thomas Crowell, 1901). He relates:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=943349"></a> Upon the 15th of February <a name="marker=943495"></a> 1568, a sentence of the Holy Office<em><strong> condemned all the inhabitants of the Netherlands to death as heretics</strong></em>. From this universal doom only a few persons, especially named, were excepted. A proclamation of the King [Phillip II of Spain], dated ten days later confirmed this decree of the Inquisition, and <strong><em>ordered it to be carried into instant execution without regard to age, sex, or condition</em></strong>. This is probably<em><strong> the most concise death-warrant that was ever framed</strong></em>.....<em><strong> Three millions of people, men, women and children, were sentenced to the scaffold in three lines</strong></em>. Under the new decree, the executions certainly did not slacken. Men in the highest and humblest positions were daily and hourly dragged to the stake. Alba, in a single letter to Phillip II, cooly estimates the number of executions which were to take place immediately after the expiration of Holy Week at "eight hundred heads." (<em>Id.</em>, Vol. 1 at 597-98.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This is confirmed by other historians. King Philip through the Duke of Alba set up "arbitrary and sanguinary tribunals" throughout the Netherlands, and "multitudes were<strong><em> daily delivered over to the executioner</em></strong>; nothing was to be seen or heard but seizure, confiscation, imprisonment, torture and death."<sup><span class="footnote"> 10</span></sup> The Protestant William of Nassau, Prince of Orange, sought to rescue the Protestants from further murder, but his army of 28,000 were no match for the Spaniards stationed in the Netherlands.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Inquisition was working hand-in-glove with Fernando Alvarez de Toledo known as the <a name="marker=943615"></a> Duke of Alba aka Alva. He was the right-hand man of King <a name="marker=943616"></a> Philip II of Spain. In one episode just prior to the Inquisition decree of 1568, several men had come to the Duke of Alba, pleading for clemency on behalf of those imprisoned for being tolerant of Protestantism.<span class="footnote"> <sup>11</sup></span> The Duke of Alba made a "passionate and ferocious reply" that "his Majesty would rather the <strong><em>whole land should become an uninhabited wilderness than that a single Dissenter should exist</em></strong> within its territory." (Motley,<em> id</em>, I: 597.) Later the Duke of Alba came to the Netherlands with just such a mission.</span></p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2">Connection to the Events To Come in France in 1572</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">These sanguinary events in the Netherlands have a connection to those in 1572 in France, which we discuss in the next section. In 1572, King Charles of France instigated by a Catholic cardinal orchestrated the murder of 25,000-100,000 Calvinists known as Huguenots, not pitying women or children.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">What politically transpired in the case of the Netherlands in 1568 directly relates to what happened in France in 1572. <strong><em>Cardinal Lorraine</em></strong> of France in 1568 was <strong><em>conspiring with Spain to have King Philip put at the head of France</em></strong> should King Charles of France perchance "die." (Motley, I: 590.) At minimum, Spain in recompense would receive a few territories in France if it suppressed Calvinism in the Netherlands.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The royal throne of France appears to have gotten wind of what was afoot, and <strong><em>felt the pressure from the Catholic Church to kill the Calvinist Huguenots</em></strong>. Soon after this Catholic conspiracy was begun with Spain, the Queen dowager of France (the effective monarch because Charles was still a young boy) wrote to her counterpart in Spain--the Duke of Alva. She discussed the Calvinist Huguenot problem. She said that unless she had 2000 Spanish musketeers, she would have to succumb to a peace, <em>i.e.</em>, enter into a peace with the Huguenots. (This did take place in 1570.) But the reply came from the Duke of Alva on behalf of King Philip of Spain. In Motley's account, Alva said "it was much better to have <strong><em>a kingdom ruined preserving it for God</em></strong> and the king by war, than to have it kept entire without war, to the profit of the devil and his followers."<a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#pgfId=943359" class="footnote"> </a><span class="footnote"><sup>12</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">As we shall see, it was this same Roman Catholic ferocious pressure which was applied upon the Queen Mother of France and the young King Charles in 1572 who in turn slaughtered the Huguenots without mercy or trial -- whether man, woman or child.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2">Calvin's Moral Responsibility For the Deaths of the Calvinists of the Netherlands</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">But to repeat, Calvin remains morally responsible although obviously <strong><em>not in the same degree as those ordering the murders</em></strong>. For had Calvin not unleashed the dogs of war by saying (Calvinist) Protestants should kill heretics, the alarm at (Calvinist) Protestants gaining power in the Netherlands or in France would have posed no risk to Roman Catholics. But the rise of Calvinist Protestants politically <strong><em>put themselves at risk due to the new policy Calvin announced in 1554</em></strong> in the wake of the Servetus Affair. Calvin declared that Protestants of Calvinist persuasion would kill heretics, and felt it their duty to do so. Consequently, no Catholic ruler could ever let the Calvinists rise to power. <strong><em>Calvin made it become a life-and-death struggle</em></strong>. For to Calvinists, Roman Catholics were heretics, proven by Calvin's treatment of the Catholic Church in Geneva in 1535. Calvin made every Genevan confess in the Geneva Confession that the Roman Catholic Church was the <strong><em>"synagogue of Satan</em></strong>."<span class="footnote"><sup>13</sup></span> Hence, if the Roman Catholics did not kill the Calvinists now, the Catholics easily could imagine it would be too late to save themselves once the Calvinist Huegenots gained political power which appeared only a matter of time.<sup><span class="footnote"> 14</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This Catholic thought-process is precisely what Castellio warned Calvin would be the consequence of killing Servetus, especially due to Calvin's defending Servetus's killing on the principle of `death-to-heretics.' Calvin did not listen. Calvin was wrong. Calvin thus ends up <strong><em>morally responsible for all the predictable responses of the Roman Catholics in thereafter murdering pre-emptively the Calvinist Protestants</em></strong> throughout Europe.<strong><a name="12324"></a></strong></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Calvin's Responsibility for The Killings of French Huguenots</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Roman Catholic Lord Acton in his famous article on the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in France exposes the Roman Cathloic church's role in that mass murder. It took place in 1572, beginning in Paris and spreading throughout France. When it ended, 25,000 to 100,000 Calvinist Huguenots of France were murdered as alleged heretics. Acton says up to the 1560s, the "Protestants...had won toleration" from the Roman Catholic church. Until this epoch, the attempt to "arrest [Protestantism's] advance by force had been abandoned."<sup><span class="footnote"> 15</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, in 1572, the Roman Pope's agents directly orchestrated at the pope's command the French king's actions to suppress the Calvinist <a name="marker=924573"></a> Huguenots. Prior to 1572, tensions were rising in France. Catholic meddling only had emerged in 1569 in a minor skirmish. But in 1572, the cat was out of the bag. Death to heretics of the Calvinist stripe was in full swing in France!<sup><span class="footnote"> 16</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1572, beginning with the <a name="marker=924572"></a> St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, the Roman church of France turned to killing Huguenots en masse. The Huguenots were a sect of Calvinists, so the irony should not be lost on anyone. Lord Acton was a famous Roman Catholic as well as objective historian. Acton commented on this 1572 episode: "I... point[] out that the Popes had, after long endeavours, <strong><em>nearly succeeded in getting all the Calvinists murdered</em></strong>."<sup><span class="footnote"> 17</span></sup></span><strong><a name="pgfId=943433"></a></strong><strong><a name="16349"></a></strong></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>History Proves Calvin's Moral Responsibility</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The reason for this change in Roman Catholic policy toward Calvinists in particular was directly related to Calvin's actions in 1553 and his later defense of those actions.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">For Calvin's change in the standard Protestant refrain that the <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"></span> Parable of the Wheat and the Tares meant no death of heretics was rejected in 1554 by Calvin. He boldly proclaimed killing of Servetus was defensible under the notion that Servetus was a heretic. Calvin now defended killing heretics as perfectly legal and mandatory for a member of Calvin's church. This new Calvinist policy had<em><strong> grave implications upon the safety of Roman Catholics</strong></em> in Geneva or in any land that might adopt Calvinist Protestantism like France or the Netherlands.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">For in Geneva, <a name="marker=924554"></a> Farel and Calvin banned the Catholic church, expelling all Catholic practitioners in 1535, while brazenly treating the Catholics who remained as all suspected heretics. In fact, the <a name="marker=924555"></a> Confession of Faith of 1535 in Geneva, written by <a name="marker=924556"></a> Calvin and Farel, said anyone who continued to associate with Catholicism belonged to the "synagogue of the Devil."<span class="footnote"> <sup>18</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">On August 27, 1535, <a name="marker=924547"></a> Geneva banned any saying of the Mass. Geneva also expropriated the property of the Roman Catholic church, which was a penalty Catholics previously applied historically to heretics.<sup><span class="footnote"> 19</span> </sup>Calvin's view of Catholicism as a heresy was obvious and open for all to see. If Catholics were heretics, and Servetus was a heretic,<em><strong> it does not take a brilliant mind to know the logical deduction of the Roman Catholic pope</strong></em>. He would expect Catholics in France to be persecuted even unto death if Calvinism politically triumphed over France any time after 1554.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">As long as this murderous view of this Frenchman (Calvin) was limited to a small city like Geneva, the danger to Roman Catholics was contained. As long as this Frenchman had stood by the firm resolve of all the other Protestants that Jesus' <a name="marker=924546"></a> Parable of the Wheat and the Tares meant no death to heretics, Catholics would have to grin and bear Calvin's success at Geneva. But with the killing of Servetus in 1553, and the subsequent dogmatic defense by Calvin in 1554 of killing of heretics (departing radically from Protestant norms and teachings), the Roman pope knew there was <strong><em>no hope for clemency in a Calvinist France for Catholics, should the Calvinists of France take power</em></strong>.</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Pope's Efforts To Gain Pact of Peace With Calvinists</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">To head off this possibility, in 1561, the Pope tried to obtain reconciliation with the Calvinists of France. This meeting was "sponsored by the French government at the <a name="marker=924550"></a> Colloquy of Poisy in 1561, where Calvinist and Catholic divines fruitlessly debated their differences."<sup><span class="footnote"> 20</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Having failed to find common ground, the Pope could not ignore that Calvin's Geneva thereafter gave him fresh and notorious examples of how those who are heretics in Calvinist eyes would be burned at the stake.</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Calvinists Persist In Killing Heretics in the 1560s</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1566, <a name="marker=924528"></a> Gentilis was arrested at Geneva.<sup><span class="footnote"> 21</span></sup> He was handed over to authorities in <a name="marker=924529"></a> Bern in 1566 for execution. The Calvinist magistrates there "beheaded [Valentine] Gentilis" for his alleged Arian teaching of an inferiority of Jesus to the Father.<sup><span class="footnote"> 22</span> </sup>Gentilis "did not hold the opinions of Servetus, as many writers affirm; but held Arian sentiments, and made the Son and the Holy Spirit to be inferior to the Father."<sup><span class="footnote"> 23</span></sup> Here, Gentilis' 'crime' is only heresy, not blasphemy. The verdict was death.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Ironically, <a name="marker=924530"></a> Calvin held the same view as Gentilis on the inferiority of Jesus to the Father.<sup><span class="footnote"> 24</span></sup> However, with Calvin's death in 1564, his followers in 1566 began to rectify what they now regarded as heresy even though their deceased leader taught the same thing. They now persecuted unto death those holding to this aspect of the Arian heresy.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Continuing on, there was another case initiated in 1566 at Geneva. This was another heresy "blasphemy" trial pending of a jurist named Grabaldus. A death sentence was hanging over him. However, the defendant died in prison, and the case never went to trial.<a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#pgfId=532289" class="footnote"> </a><span class="footnote"><sup>25</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1572, these several cases were still in recent memory of the Roman Pope who would see them as an alarm to the safety of French Catholics if the Calvinist Huguenots gained political supremacy in France.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Now obviously due to the abandonment of toleration by Calvinist Protestants of heretics, <strong><em>the Roman Catholic church had to abandon toleration in return of Calvinist Protestants</em></strong>. It was a simple equation of <strong><em>self-defense</em></strong>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, when Calvin and Beza in 1554 defended the right to kill anyone whom they thought was a heretic,<span class="footnote"> <sup>26</sup></span><sup> </sup>these were chilling words to Catholics as well. At that time, the Calvinist Huguenots in France openly operated with military field generals, especially in the South of France. They mustered militia-armies in self-defense whenever frightened at perceived Catholic designs.<sup><span class="footnote"> 27</span></sup> If the Huguenots should come to power in France -- which was not a far-fetched possibility because several members of the Royal family were Protestant, the Roman Catholics could then face a retaliatory Inquisition at the hands of the armed Calvinist Huguenots.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Hence, because the Geneva Reformer named Calvin insisted Catholics were heretics, Catholics in 1572 had to realize the <strong><em>best defense was an aggressive offense</em></strong>. Thus, Calvin's principle of `death to heretics,' proven by the killing of Servetus and many Genevans thereafter, was a direct threat to Roman Catholics if Calvinism should ascend into dominance in France.</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Contrast The Pacific Relations With Lutherans</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">By contrast, the Roman Catholics had <em><strong>no need to violently persecute Lutherans</strong></em>. In 1555, the Lutheran and Catholic churches had agreed to co-exist within the Holy Roman Empire. Neither would persecute the other as heretics. This was settled in the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. ("Peace of Augsburg," Wikipedia.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This contrast proves how crucial were the events in 1553 when Calvin had Servetus killed as a mere heretic. To repeat, Calvin's<em> Defensio</em> in 1554 and <a name="marker=924525"></a> Beza's similar fulminations that same year made it absolutely clear to Catholics that they had to kill off the Calvinist Huguenots of France. How could the Catholics permit the Calvinists to gain ascendancy in France and potentially turn the tables on the Catholics? If they did not do something violent themselves now, they would find themselves bitterly being killed as heretics later in a Calvinist Huguenot France.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Hence, by inexorable logic, directly deduced from the killing of Servetus in 1553, and the dogma upon which <a name="marker=924527"></a> Calvin later defended that killing, the Roman Catholic church orchestrated what remains <strong><em>one of the most bloody episodes of all time</em></strong>: the killing of masses of people merely for being perceived as heretics with no trial or opportunity to defend themselves. Instead, in 1572, their doors were marked and they were dragged from their beds, and clubbed and stabbed to death.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In a systematic wave of terror, the agents of the church and king slaughtered man, woman and child without any trial. Their homes and personages were marked as Huguenot heretics, and they were doomed. The smallest estimate of those murdered in the two month terror was 25,000. The largest estimate was 100,000.<sup><span class="footnote"> 28</span> </sup>The blood of each murdered soul cries out: `<strong><em>Thanks Calvin</em></strong>! You put the sword in the hands of our mortal enemies.'</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Despite Catholic Responsibility, Calvin's Responsibility Remains</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">No one can remove the Roman Catholic stigma from these events. But Calvin's bloody hands were an important contributing factor to the events of 1572. For it was his example with Servetus and his unrepentant doctrine of 1554 that opened the floodgates. It opened them specifically only as to Calvinist Protestants. In 1572, the<em><strong> Lutheran Protestants went to bed as peacefully in those two months as they had since 1555</strong></em>. They had the Peace of Augsburg protecting them. They enjoyed the mutual understanding that no Lutheran or Catholic "heretic" in the other's domain would be killed merely for heresy.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, one can now understand that killing Servetus for heresy had a far reaching impact on the history of Europe. That execution, and the subsequent and radically new Calvinist dogma of `death to heretics' (belatedly raised to justify the crime), clearly led to the mass murder of numerous good Christian souls. They<strong><em> paid the price of the sin of their leader</em></strong> -- John Calvin. Each of those 25,000 to 100,000 dead souls were a moral responsibility of John Calvin as his switch to persecuting heresy gave rise to the unholy alliance of the Pope at Rome and the King of France.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><br /> </span></p>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<div class="footnotes">
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 1.</span> <a name="pgfId=532209"></a> George Benson, D.D., "The Old Whig, or the Consistent Protestant," February 2, 1737-38," reprinted in G. Benson,<em> A Collection of Tracts</em> (London: 1753) at 189.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 2.</span> <a name="pgfId=935663"></a> Quoted by Walter Nigg, <em>The Heretics</em> (Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1962) at 328-29.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 3.</span> <a name="pgfId=532136"></a> Perez Zagorin, <em>How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West</em> (Princeton, 2003) at 80.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 4.</span> <a name="pgfId=532679"></a> <a name="marker=924558"></a> Acton omits considering <a name="marker=924559"></a> Queen Mary I killing of 300 Protestants during her reign. He evidently does not consider her actions as the responsibility of the Pope. This may be but she may have relied on the example of Calvin, for her killings were all subsequent to the execution of Servetus. Mary I became Queen of England on August 3, 1553, just a few days before Servetus' arrest. In the next year after Servetus' execution, Mary I in 1554 "orders bishops to suppress heresy beginning a long period of Protestant martyrdom." In 1555, "300 Protestants are executed." (See http://estc.ucr.edu/CHRONOLOGY_1473-1640.html.)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 5.</span> <a name="pgfId=943343"></a> "Calvinism," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism (accessed 7/5/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 6.</span> <a name="pgfId=943389"></a> "History of religion in the Netherlands," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_religion_in_the_Netherlands (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 7.</span> <a name="pgfId=943542"></a> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 8.</span> <a name="pgfId=943565"></a> "Early August 1566, a mob stormed the church of Hondschoote in Flanders (now in Northern France). This relatively small incident spread North and led to a massive iconoclastic movement by Calvinists, who stormed churches and other religious buildings to desecrate and destroy statues and images of Catholic saints all over the Netherlands. According to the Calvinists, these statues represented worship of idols. The number of actual image-breakers appears to have been relatively small and the exact backgrounds of the movement are debated." See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 9.</span> <a name="pgfId=943551"></a> "History of religion in the Netherlands," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_religion_in_the_Netherlands (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 10.</span> <a name="pgfId=943353"></a> William Russell, <em>The History of Modern Europe: with an account of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire</em> (H. Maxwell, 1802) II at 450.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 11.</span> <a name="pgfId=943597"></a> "Egmont and Horne [arrested in 1567] had been Catholic nobles who were loyal to the King of Spain until their death. The reason for their execution [in 1568] was that Alba considered they had been treasonous to the king in their tolerance to Protestantism." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 12.</span> <a name="pgfId=943359"></a> Motley, I: at 591.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 13.</span> <a name="pgfId=943458"></a> For the "synagogue of Satan" confession, see this <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=MlPrYQ5srKEC&lpg=PP1&dq=did%20calvin%20murder%20servetus&pg=PA337">link</a>. For discussion on the proofs of Calvin's moral responsibility, see <a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#16349" class="XRef"> See History Proves Calvin's Moral Responsibility</a> .</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 14.</span> <a name="pgfId=943641"></a> The reaction led eventually to revolution in 1572, and by the Act of Abduration in 1581--a declaration of independence.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 15.</span> <a name="pgfId=532227"></a> John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton,<em> History of Freedom</em> (MacMillan, 1907) at 102, 103.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 16.</span> <a name="pgfId=532147"></a> <a name="18161"></a> The outbreaks of religious violence in 1562-1563 in France were evidently not orchestrated by the Catholic church, unlike the killings of 1572. This 1562-1563 episode is called the first `Religious War' with Huguenots. It arose in 1562 merely out of a misunderstanding between servants of the Duc de Guise and a Huguenot congregation on a Sunday afternoon. The Duc de Guise ended up later being assassinated. Tensions mounted, and the Huguenots formed an army within France, and called for aid from Protestants of Germany and England. The Crown decided to peaceable settle the dispute. Prisoners were exchanged. The<a name="marker=924551"></a> Edict of Amboise issued March 16, 1563 granted "freedom of conscience" to nobles of the "reformed" faith with their "families and subjects." Next, in 1567-1568, when Spain's armies were passing the "Spanish road" from Italy to Flanders to subjugate the Netherlands, the Huguenots suspected treachery. They heard rumours that the pope wanted to invade France via Spain's armies and exterminate the Huguenots. The Huguenots overreacted, and attempted a coup at Meaux, and the capture of the king. The plan fizzled. Another edict of peace was signed, called the <a name="marker=924552"></a> Peace of Longjumeau. Finally, during 1568-1570, the Catholic Cardinal de Lorraine this time planned to capture the Huguenot military leaders. He failed initially. The Huguenot army in the south held off the royal armies. Finally another peace was signed at St. Germain. This last episode did involve a Catholic prelate directly meddling, and is the precursor to the <a name="marker=924553"></a> St. Bartholomew's Massacre of 1572. (This is based in part on http://www.lepg.org/wars.htm (2/24/08).)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 17.</span> <a name="pgfId=532251"></a> John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, <em>Selections from the Correspondence of the First Lord Acton</em> (Longman's Gree, 1917) at 55-56.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 18.</span> <a name="pgfId=532339"></a> See <a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#21013" class="XRef"> </a> and accompanying text.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 19.</span> <a name="pgfId=532345"></a> See <a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#15081" class="XRef"> </a> et seq.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 20.</span> <a name="pgfId=532642"></a> Perez Zagorin, <em>How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West</em> (Princeton, 2003) at 87.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 21.</span> <a name="pgfId=532320"></a> George Benson, D.D., "The Old Whig, or the Consistent Protestant," February 2, 1737-38," reprinted in G. Benson, <em>A Collection of Tracts </em>(London: 1753) at 190 ("Valentinus Gentilis... was afterwards imprisoned at Geneva for heresy...").</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 22.</span> <a name="pgfId=532279"></a> E. William Monter, <em>Calvin's Geneva</em> (New York: John Wilely & Sons, 1967) at 83-84.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 23.</span> <a name="pgfId=532285"></a> Johann Lorenz Mosheim, <em>Institutes of Ecclesiastical History</em> (Harper & Bros., 1841) at 227.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 24.</span> <a name="pgfId=545219"></a> See <a name="marker=924531"></a> Calvin's letter to the Polish Brethren quoted at length in Gaston Bonet-Maury & Edward Potter Hall, <em>Early Sources of English Unitarian Christianity</em> (1884) at 16 fn. 4. Calvin in 1563 wrote that Scripture makes "Christ, as mediator, <strong><em>inferior to the Father</em></strong>." Thus, Calvin clearly says Jesus is inferior to God-the-Father because of the verses where Jesus was speaking of his limitations in knowledge compared to the Father, etc. Cfr. Calvin in <em>Institutes</em> (1536), where Calvin previously said Jesus is not inferior to the Father. See this<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=UU9Ygc_c5woC&dq=calvin%20christ%20inferior%20father&pg=PA146#v=onepage&q&f=false"> link</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=924532"></a> This proves, incidentally, the superiority of Servetus' solution which sees two natures in Jesus rather than two distinct `Gods' -- one inferior to the other. Servetus explained that the human Jesus is a human, but otherwise, the Word was made flesh which is the divine in Jesus, and hence Jesus is identical to God in Jesus. Thus, Calvin should not have talked of the human limitations of Jesus as if they made Jesus an inferior God to God-the-Father.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 25.</span> <a name="pgfId=532289"></a> Mosheim relates: "Not much different [from Gentilis] were the views of Matthew Gribaldus, a jurist of Pavia, who was removed by a timely death, at Geneva, in 1566, when about to undergo a capital trial: for he distributed the divine nature into three Eternal Spirits, differing in rank, as well as numerically." Johann Lorenz Mosheim,<em> Institutes of Ecclesiastical History</em> (Harper & Bros., 1841) at 227.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 26.</span> <a name="pgfId=532171"></a> See <a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#32174" class="XRef"> </a> et seq.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 27.</span> <a name="pgfId=532178"></a> See <span class="XRef"> See The outbreaks of religious violence in 1562-1563 in France were evidently not orchestrated by the Catholic church, unlike the killings of 1572. This 1562-1563 episode is called the first `Religious War' with Huguenots. It arose in 1562 merely out of a misunderstanding between servants of the Duc de Guise and a Huguenot congregation on a Sunday afternoon. The Duc de Guise ended up later being assassinated. Tensions mounted, and the Huguenots formed an army within France, and called for aid from Protestants of Germany and England. The Crown decided to peaceable settle the dispute. Prisoners were exchanged. The Edict of Amboise issued March 16, 1563 granted "freedom of conscience" to nobles of the "reformed" faith with their "families and subjects." Next, in 1567-1568, when Spain's armies were passing the "Spanish road" from Italy to Flanders to subjugate the Netherlands, the Huguenots suspected treachery. They heard rumours that the pope wanted to invade France via Spain's armies and exterminate the Huguenots. The Huguenots overreacted, and attempted a coup at Meaux, and the capture of the king. The plan fizzled. Another edict of peace was signed, called the Peace of Longjumeau. Finally, during 1568-1570, the Catholic Cardinal de Lorraine this time planned to capture the Huguenot military leaders. He failed initially. The Huguenot army in the south held off the royal armies. Finally another peace was signed at St. Germain. This last episode did involve a Catholic prelate directly meddling, and is the precursor to the St. Bartholomew's Massacre of 1572. </span><a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#18161" class="XRef">(This is based in part on http://www.lepg.org/wars.htm (2/24/08).)</a> .</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 28.</span> <a name="pgfId=532188"></a> See <span class="XRef"> See Calvin Was Begged To Repent in 1554 To Save Lives</span> at this website.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 29.</span> <a name="pgfId=943795"></a> See Friedrich Edler, <em>The Dutch Republic and the American Revolution</em> (The Johns Hopkins Press, 1911) at 11-12 fn. 2. See also, "Dutch Republic," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 30.</span> <a name="pgfId=943938"></a> In 1651, a law was passed that no organized religion that had not existed when the republic was formed could be authorized to be practiced in the Netherlands. See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Brill, 2002) at 257.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 31.</span> <a name="pgfId=943819"></a> "Dutch Republic," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 32.</span> <a name="pgfId=944088"></a> "The Friends believed that God's grace did not filter through the hierarchy of the religious elite, but reached each person directly. In taking this theological approach, the Quakers bypassed the authority of clergy and rulers, and recognized that the common person could be elevated to the `priesthood of all believers.' This rendered the current cultural order obsolete and formed the core ideal of the American republic that would arise more than a century later." "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the <em>Liberty Magazine</em>, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 33.</span> <a name="pgfId=944031"></a> "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 34.</span> <a name="pgfId=944073"></a> "Boston Martyrs," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 35.</span> <a name="pgfId=943965"></a> See "The Flushing Remonstrance," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 36.</span> <a name="pgfId=943987"></a> The patent is quoted in "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the<em> Liberty Magazine</em>, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 37.</span> <a name="pgfId=943847"></a> See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2002) at 255.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 38.</span> <a name="pgfId=943902"></a> See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2002) at 255.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1259453<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
552
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/69-lord-acton-example.html
Normal file
552
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/69-lord-acton-example.html
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/69-lord-acton-example.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Lord Acton Example" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Lord Acton Example</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><span><span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"The Spirit of the Apostles is</span></span></span></span><strong><em><span><span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> not a guide equal or greater than the Lord</span></span></span></span></em></strong><span><span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">, thus </span></span></span></span><em><strong><span><span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Paul within his letters</span></span></span></span></strong></em><span><span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> does</span></span></span></span><strong><em><span><span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> not have as much authority as has Christ</span></span></span></span></em></strong><span><span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">." (Carlstadt, </span></span></span></span><em><span><span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Canonicis Scripturis</span></span></span></span></em><span><span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> (1520))</span></span></span></span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 7531" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "7531") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h2>Lord Acton's Example</h2>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading1">The Roman Catholic -- Lord Acton -- Denounced 300 Year Old Murders by Popes</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">A true Christian must recognize and denounce a murder done by his church leader. It is virtue to admit it. It would be complicity to cover it up. It would be compounding the crime to make pathetic illegitimate excuses. Lord Acton gave us a noble example of how true Christians respond to evidence that their religious leaders are criminals, even if such crimes took place 300 years earlier. The taint and criminality does not fade with time.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the 1860s, Lord Acton evaluated his Roman Catholic Church by the same measure that Standford Rives attempts to do with Calvin and Servetus. Mr. Rives indirectly demonstrates that a repentance is necessary from the Reformed Calvinists of today -- the spiritual ancestors of Calvin.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997356"></a> Lord <a name="marker=997355"></a> Acton in 1859 was the editor of a Roman Catholic monthly paper. When the Pope told him to shut it down, he obeyed. He was a good and faithful Catholic. However, Lord Acton continued to write articles critical of the papacy, and concluded the Roman Catholic Church was guilty of an unrepentant murder 300 years earlier when it killed as heretics the Huguenots in 1572. Acton said the Popes and all of Catholicism owed an apology and appropriate repentance. Acton said this episode also proved the papacy was certainly not infallible. It could only persuade by the force of Scripture, not by tradition or anyone's feelings of loyalty.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997357"></a> To that end, Acton revived the memory of this Huguenot massacre in an article published in October 1869 in the <em>North British Review</em>. He concluded his book-long essay by saying that there was no evidence to absolve the Roman Church of premeditated murder.<span class="footnote"> <sup>1</sup></span> Acton argued that it was not only facts that condemned the papacy for this heinous crime, but the whole body of "casuistry" (phony excuses) developed by the church that made it an act of Christian duty and mercy to kill a heretic so that he might be removed from sin.<span class="footnote"> </span><sup><span class="footnote">2</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997364"></a> Acton pointed out that only when the Roman Church could no longer rely upon force but had to make its case before public opinion that it sought to explain away the Huguenot murders. Yet, in doing so, the church resorted to lies. "The same motive which had justified the murder now promoted the lie," Acton wrote. A bodyguard of lies was fabricated to protect the papacy from guilt for this monstrous sin.<span class="footnote"> </span><sup><span class="footnote">3</span></sup> <a name="marker=997370"></a> Acton wrote:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997371"></a> The story is much more abominable than we all believed.... S. B. [St. Bartholomew's] is<em><strong> the greatest crime of modern times</strong></em>. It was committed on principles professed by Rome. It was approved, sanctioned, and praised by the papacy. The Holy See went out of its way to signify to the world, by permanent and solemn acts, how entirely it admired a king who slaughtered his subjects treacherously, because they were Protestants. To proclaim forever that because a man is a Protestant it is a pious deed to cut his throat in the night....</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997372"></a> Acton said that for three centuries the Roman church's canon law had affirmed that the killing of an excommunicated person was not murder, and that allegiance need not be kept with heretical rulers. Legitimized murder and authorized treason were part of the Roman church's official teachings. As a result of such license for murder, <a name="marker=997373"></a> Charles IX of France in killing the Huguenots was praised by the Catholic church as a good Catholic. Soon after the mass slaughter of innocents in their beds, Charles was highly praised by the pope for having killed so many of these Huguenots.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997374"></a> Acton contended that these acts of murder by the Roman church's leaders had discredited them as a source of reliable teachers.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997375"></a> Incidentally, another Roman Catholic critical of his church on this principle was <a name="marker=997376"></a> Von Dollinger (1799-1890). This Bavarian was a Doctor of Theology and Professor of Canon Law at the Catholic Universities of Landshut and Munich. In a work praised by the famous Prime Minister of England, <a name="marker=997377"></a> Gladstone, as "the weightiest and most worthy of documents," Von Dollinger wrote in 1869:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997378"></a> A man is <em><strong>not honest who accepts all the Papal decisions in questions of morality</strong></em>, for they have often been distinctly immoral; or who approves the conduct of the Popes in engrossing power, for it was stained with perfidy and falsehood; or who is ready to alter his convictions at their command, for his conscience is guided by no principle.<sup><a class="footnote" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Lord%20Actons%20Example.html#pgfId=997382"> </a><span class="footnote">4</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997384"></a> As thanks, Von Dollinger was publicly excommunicated by the Catholic Church in 1871.<span class="footnote"> <sup>5</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997388"></a> Acton after studying the same materials upon which Dollinger relied likewise wrote:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997389"></a> The<em><strong> papacy contrived murder and massacre on the largest and also on the most cruel and inhuman scale</strong></em>. They were not only wholesale assassins but they made the principle of assassination a law of the Christian Church and a condition of salvation.... [The Papacy] is the fiend skulking behind the Crucifix.<span class="footnote"> <sup>6</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997393"></a> As Lord Acton (along with Dollinger) tried faithfully to correct his church, while always remaining a Catholic, he wrote his famous letter dated April, 1887, to Bishop Mandell Creighton. In it, Acton made his most well-known pronouncement about the papacy:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997394"></a> Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997395"></a> As the <em>Encyclopedia</em> points out, "Most people who quote Lord Acton's Dictum are unaware that it refers to Papal power and was made by a Catholic, albeit not an unquestioning one."<span class="footnote"> <sup>7</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997399"></a> The most stunning observation, however, was Acton's feelings towards those <a name="marker=997400"></a> Catholics who <strong><em>connive to condone</em></strong> these acts of murder out of loyalty to the pope. He said this is not mere error, but<strong><em> crime itself</em></strong> -- the approval of murder after-the-fact.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997401"></a> What made these conniving excuses more deplorable is that these were men who professed religion. Acton said it made their crime by ratification also sacrilegious. Their consciences became warped due to a desire to defend the indefensible. This insightful statement, which applies with equal force to a dozen Calvinist-inspired accounts of the Servetus trial, should pique the conscience of every loyalist of Calvin. It is no good to find pathetic excuses for Calvin's conduct rather than to "renounce" him as Acton said he was compelled to do of the Papacy itself. He says:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997402"></a> Was it better to<em><strong> renounce the papacy out of horror for its acts</strong></em>, or to <em><strong>condone the acts out of reverence for the papacy</strong></em>? The Papal party preferred the latter alternative. It appeared to me that <strong><em> condone the acts</em><em>such men are infamous in the last degree</em></strong>. I did not accuse them of error, as I might impute it to Grotius or Channing, but of crime. I thought that a person who imitated them for political or other motives worthy of death. But those whose motive was religious seemed to me worse than the others, because that which is in others the last resource of conversion is with them the source of guilt. The spring of repentance is broken, the<strong><em> conscience is not only weakened but warped</em></strong>. Their<em><strong> prayers and sacrifices appeared to me the most awful sacrilege</strong></em>.<span class="footnote"> <sup>8</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997407"></a> <a name="marker=997406"></a> Acton called his fellow Catholics to repent rather than distort their beliefs to accept the intolerable. Calvinists who have bent the truth repeatedly to exonerate the inexorable have fallen prey to the same "weakened" and "warped" conscience. It is time to repent from this compounding sin, and denounce Calvin as the murderer he indubitably was. Then we are one step closer to making Jesus our sole teacher, as He commanded us to regard Himself.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Study Note</span></h2>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Owen Chadwick in <em>Acton and History</em> (Cambridge University Press, 2002) questions, without explaining why, Acton's claim that historical revision of the Massacre was justified due to the correspondence of the papal nuncio at Paris, Antonia Maria Salviati. Chadwick introduces the topic: "He [Acton] thought the use of Salviati was the chief historical originality of his essay." (Acton and History at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">67</a>.) Acton relied upon a small portion of Salviati's writings which had been written in an unexpected place -- an appendix to the third volume of Sir James Mackintosh's <em>History of England </em>published between 1825-1840 . <em>Id. </em>How did Mackintosh obtain access? Mackintosh had access to the papal archives during the period of Napoleon's regime (<em>id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">68</a>) which is the time when the pope and papal states were prisoners of Napoleon. (Chadwick does not explain this fact.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><em></em>Chadwick then says another source of the papal nuncio's writings are from the Prefect of the Papal Archives (Chadwick: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">72</a>) called Father Theiner. His appendices of documents added to the first of three volumes on his life of Pope Gregory XIII contain these papal nuncio records at the time of the Bartholomew Massacres. Chadwick says when you read these documents, you begin to "doubt" Acton's thesis which Chadwick apparently means to be so if one believes Father Theiner's integrity. However, Chadwick says that MacKintosh's version of the identical letters is often longer than Theiner's version, and clearly suggest Theiner deleted unfavorable passages. Because Mackintosh had astonishing access -- which was lost with the fall of Napoleon -- no one can seriously contend Mackintosh had a bias to fabricate. Chadwick relates the facts which point to Father Theiner removing passages that implicated the Catholic church in the Massacres:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">[P]aragraphs of Mackintosh contained matter which Theiner's transcript of the letters did not contain. Sometimes these omissiosn were of negligible interest. But occassionally, and especially to a man of Acton's bias in favor of disclosing what discredited,<strong><em> they staggered</em></strong>. <em>Id.</em>, at 67-<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">68</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Chadwick provides a very important example from the day of the incident of the massacres at Paris where Mackintosh quotes Salviati, the papal nuncio at Paris saying -- but which Theiner omits:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">I can be as happy can be ..the king and queen-mother ...<strong><em>have been able to extirpate the poisonous roots with such prudence, at a time when all the rebels were shut up in their cage</em></strong>. <em>Id.</em>, at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false"> 68</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Chadwick admits that "Theiner left out the passage." <em>Id.</em></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Chadwick then explains that Acton investigated Mackintosh further, and verified his work in the archives by obtaining Chateubriand's copies of the same papal letters which Mackintosh copied. Acton made for himself handwritten copies of those letters which are still in Acton's notes. From them, Acton concluded "Theiner ...omits whatever is irrelevant to his purpose." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">69</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">After the publication in 1869 of the <em>North British Review </em>article in October 1869, the Pope in 1870 calledTheiner to his office, and insisted "Theiner must have taken Lord Acton into the Secret Archives and given documents for his use," which Theiner denied. <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">73</a>. After giving a solemn oath that he did not do so, the Pope then blamed Acton had somehow entered the Secret Archives on his own. A personal conflict for Theiner's remaining life ensued. He tried to redeem himself by obviously slipping the Trent Archives for publication to a non-Church source. He told Acton by letter of this soon before he died. Theiner implicitly turned over a leaf to spread the truth and stop the Church he served to suppress information all Christians had a right to know about.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"> </p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<div class="footnotes">
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 1.</span> <a name="pgfId=997360"></a> His article entitled "Massacre of St. Bartholomew," was published in the <em>North British Review</em> in October 1869, and later reprinted in Acton's work <em>History of Freedom</em> (MacMillan, 1907) at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=F38MAAAAYAAJ&dq=intitle%3AHistory%20intitle%3Aof%20intitle%3AFreedom%20inauthor%3Aacton&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false"> 101</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 2.</span> <a name="pgfId=997363"></a> Thanks are given for the inspiration to this section to John Robbins, The Trinity Foundation (April 4, 2005), from his article at <a href="http://www.trinityfoundation.org/horror_show.php?id=33">http://www.trinityfoundation.org/horror_show.php?id=33</a> (accessed 2/18/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 3.</span> <a name="pgfId=997367"></a> The effectiveness of these lies can be measured by looking at the article "<a name="marker=997368"></a> St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bartholomew's_Day_Massacre">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bartholomew's_Day_Massacre</a> (2/18/2008). Apparently oblivious to Lord Acton's research, the author writes of the killings: "The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy in French) was a wave of Catholic mob violence against the Huguenots" and "From August to October, similar apparently spontaneous massacres of Huguenots took place in other towns, such as Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lyon, Bourges, Rouen, and Orléans." He leaves out entirely the evidence collected by Acton that the church urged the action taken.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">A recent update to the <em>Wikipedia</em> article claims: "The question of whether the massacre had<strong><em> long</em></strong> been premeditated was not entirely settled until the late 19th century; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Acton" title="Lord Acton" class="mw-redirect">Lord Acton</a> changed his mind on the matter twice, finally concluding that it was not." The citation for support is solely "The subject of Butterfield's chapter, referenced below." Then it cites <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Butterfield" title="Herbert Butterfield">Butterfield, Herbert</a>, <em>Man on his Past</em>, Cambridge University Press, 1955, Chapter VI, <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Acton" title="Lord Acton" class="mw-redirect">Lord Acton</a> and the Massacre of St Bartholomew. </em></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The key term in this claim is "long" -- how long was the massacre in contemplation is the issue. However, the length of premeditation by the monarchy (to whom the article alone points as culprits) does not suggest it was unpremeditated or completely spontaneous, as the writer of <em>Wikipedia</em> leads one to assume. The quote from Acton upon which the issue of his later views rests comes from 1895. The context gives plenty of evidence of church and monarchy for years before discussing the general idea of a massacre as a plan. Yet, Acton speaking of the role of the monarchy says it was "not a thing long and carefully planned." (See quote immediately below.) The implication was it was not premeditated by the monarchy in the common meaning of a 'thing long and carefully planned.' The focus by Acton in the quote was on the Monarchy's planning -- it had been brief. But that is no retraction of Acton's earlier view from 1869 of the church's long role in planning to instigate the monarchy to commit the massacre.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">We find this borne out if if we hunt down to what Butterfield alludes. Acton in 1895 wrote of premeditation of the massacre by the MONARCHY (not the church) as follows:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The premeditation of <a title="w:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre" class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bartholomew%27s_Day_massacre">St. Bartholomew</a> has been a favourite controversy, like the <a title="Casket Letters (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Casket_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1">Casket Letters</a>; but the problem is entirely solved, although French writers, such as<a title="Author:François Guizot (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Author:Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot&action=edit&redlink=1">Guizot</a> and <a title="Author:Henri Léonard Bordier (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Author:Henri_L%C3%A9onard_Bordier&action=edit&redlink=1">Bordier</a>, believe in it; and the Germans, especially <a title="Author:Hermann Baumgarten (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Author:Hermann_Baumgarten&action=edit&redlink=1">Baumgarten</a> and <a title="Author:Ludwig Philippson (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Author:Ludwig_Philippson&action=edit&redlink=1">Philippson</a>, deny it. It is perfectly certain that it was <strong><em>not a thing long and carefully prepared</em></strong>, as was believed in Rome, and those who <strong><em>deny premeditation in the common sense of the word are in the right</em></strong>. But for ten years the court had regarded a wholesale massacre as the last resource of monarchy. Catharine herself said that<strong><em> it had been in contemplation, if opportunity offered, from the year 1562</em></strong>. Initiated observers <strong><em>expected it from that time</em></strong>; and after the conference with Alva at Bayonne, in 1565, it was universally considered probable that some of the leaders, at least, would be betrayed and killed. Two cardinals, Santa Croce and Alessandrina, announced it at Rome, and were not believed. In 1569 Catharine admitted that she had offered 50,000 crowns for the head of Coligny, and corresponding sums for others. The Archbishop of Nazareth reported to the Pope in the autumn of 1570 that the <a title="Treaty of St. Germain (1570) (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_St._Germain_(1570)&action=edit&redlink=1">Treaty of St. Germain</a> had been concluded with the intention of slaughtering the Protestants when they were beguiled by the favourable conditions granted them, but that the agents disobeyed. (Acton, Lectures on Modern History at<a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lectures_on_Modern_History/The_Huguenots_and_the_League"> 161</a>.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">But there is nothing here being discussed about the Roman Catholic Church's role in the massacre. Acton's last word in 1869 on its role was one of premeditation by the RCC. Hence, the <em>Wikipedia</em> article omits mention of the RCC role, and the premeditation that Acton found with itself to instigate another-- the French Monarchy--to commit this murder of innocents. And apparently relying upon an exaggerating reading of Butterfield, we have lopped off entirely in <em>Wikipedia</em> the responsible party as instigator -- the RCC. So nothing changes despite the excellent historiography by Acton -- his words are buried by obfuscation and misconstruction of what he did say.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 4.</span> <a name="pgfId=997382"></a> Von Janus [Pseud. for <a name="marker=997381"></a> J.J.I. Dollinger], "The Pope and the Council," <em>The North British Review</em> (N.Y.: Oct. 1869) Vol. 1, 67, at 70 (translation and reprint attributed to Von Janus,<em> Der Papst und Das Council</em> (Leipzig, 1869).) This was published as a book in 1870 as: Janus, <em><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JBwNAAAAYAAJ&dq=Pope%20and%20the%20Council&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Pope and the Council</a></em><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JBwNAAAAYAAJ&dq=Pope%20and%20the%20Council&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false"> </a> (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1870).</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This was "supposed at first to be by Acton," but in fact Von Janus was actually J.J.I. Dollinger, proven by Gladstone's letter of October 10, 1869 to Dollinger. See William Gladstone,<em> The Gladstone Diaries</em> (ed. H.C.G. Matthew)(Oxford University Press, 1982) Vol. VII at 144-145. <a name="marker=997383"></a> Gladstone explained that he suffered "indignation" to whatever "curtails and disfigures within her borders the common inheritance of the Christian faith." <em>Id</em>., at 145. His next letter urges E.B. Pusey to read this Pope and the Council, as it "profoundly struck" him. Id. In the article on "<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05094a.htm">Johann Dollinger</a>," in the<em> Catholic Encyclopedia</em> (1913) V:98, it acknowledges he wrote<em> Papst</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">See also, "The Pope and the Council," <em>The North British Review</em> (1869) vol. 51 at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cy8aAQAAIAAJ&q=Pope+and+the+Council+intitle:The+intitle:North+intitle:British+intitle:Review&dq=Pope+and+the+Council+intitle:The+intitle:North+intitle:British+intitle:Review&hl=en&ei=MTb1TP7fOZCosQOkyc2wCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ"> 127</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 5.</span> <a name="pgfId=997387"></a> "Johann Dollinger," <em>The Catholic Encyclopedia</em> (1913) Vol. 5 at 94.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 6.</span> <a name="pgfId=997392"></a> John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, <em>Selections from the Correspondence of the First Lord Acton</em> (Longman's Green, 1917) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=XHYNAAAAIAAJ&dq=Acton%20Selections%20from%20the%20Correspondence%20of%20the%20First%20Lord%20Acton%20Longman's&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false">55</a> (letter of 1879).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 7.</span> <a name="pgfId=997398"></a> See "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalberg-Acton,_1st_Baron_Acton">John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton</a>,"<em> Wikipedia</em> (2/18/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 8.</span> <a name="pgfId=997405"></a> John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, <em>Selections from the Correspondence of the First Lord Acton</em> (Longman's Gree, 1917) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=XHYNAAAAIAAJ&dq=Acton%20Selections%20from%20the%20Correspondence%20of%20the%20First%20Lord%20Acton%20Longman's&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false">55</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1259516<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
718
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/70-calvin-subversion.html
Normal file
718
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/70-calvin-subversion.html
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,718 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/70-calvin-subversion.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Calvin Subversion" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Calvin Subversion</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><span>“I am not talking as the Lord would, but as a fool” (Paul, 2 Cor 11:17)</span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 6430" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "6430") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h2><a name="pgfId=547467"></a><a name="21841"></a> Calvin's' 1555 Subversion of Geneva's Democracy Repeated In The Dutch Republic of 1579<strong><a name="pgfId=484358"></a></strong></h2>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
<h3>Precedent in Servetus' Case Unleashes Calvinists to Kill Political Opponents On Specious Heresy/Blasphemy Charges</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=480825"></a> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">When Calvin and his party, mostly French, first came to Geneva, the city accepted them out of tolerance. When Calvin tried to exert a domineering influence, he was at first expelled in 1539. That year, Calvin had refused to give the entire town any communion on Easter Sunday in protest that the church Consistory could not excommunicate persons deemed `unworthy.'<sup><span class="footnote"> 1</span></sup> Rather than bow to Calvin, the city expelled him. Calvin stayed in Strasbourg for three years. In 1541, he was permitted to return.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=482853"></a> Eventually, in time, Calvin in the 1550s would wreak his revenge, and take over Geneva. Calvin would subvert the democratic institutions of Geneva, as we will see, by taking a tiny election victory in 1555, and use it to oust the old order using the precedent the Servetus' execution provided. Calvin would then create a tyrannical regime that he controlled as President of the Consistory from which charges of heresy could be filed in the criminal court which the Calvinists now undisputedly controlled.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=482647"></a> This is not denied by Calvinist scholars. This frank account of Calvin's path to tyranny by terror and subversion of democratic institutions is painstakingly demonstrated in William G. Naphy's <em>Calvin and the Consolidation of the Genevan Reformation </em>(London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003) at 182 et seq. Naphy neutrally and dispassionately recounts this shocking story.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944573"></a> As we shall see later, the Calvinists repeated this subversion of democracy in the Dutch Republic after its constitution of 1579 had promised freedom of religion.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=501383"></a> All this evil starts at its head with Calvin's criminal complaint that he filed through his assistant in 1553 against Servetus. Once the door was opened to kill a man for mere heresy, Calvinists were able to turn the power of killing opponents over to the magistrates' office at Geneva. This model was then followed in Salem, Massachussets and then again in the Dutch Republic. Because the Calvinists in 1555 dominated the Geneva magistrates on the Petit Conseil, the Calvinists used that office's power to kill as a means of using pretexts to eliminate by death their leading political opponents. The Geneva example became an example in subversion that Calvinists would repeat many subsequent times.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=482640"></a> We can trust this information on what happened in Geneva because William <a name="marker=925122"></a> Naphy's 2003 book was published by Westminster John Knox Press. This means it is released by one of the most well-known and respected publishing houses specializing on Calvinist history.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480830"></a> Moreover, for those unfamiliar with <a name="marker=925123"></a> Naphy, when he wrote this book, he was the head of the Department of History and the Director of Teaching at the School of History and History of Art at King's College at the University of Aberdeen. His book is based on an extensive study into the archives at Geneva. This included looking at the minutes of governing bodies such as the Geneva Consistory, and the criminal court including its notary records.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480847"></a> With that background, let's now examine what William Naphy had to say about the case involving <a name="marker=925121"></a> Servetus.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480855"></a> In the latter half of 1553, two new cases started which would and convulse Geneva for the remainder of the year and beyond. One, involving Michel Servetus, is undoubtedly the more famous today but of lesser importance in 1553. The premier case was Philibert <a name="marker=925120"></a> Berthelier's attempt to have the Petit Conseil overturn the ban of excommunication placed on him. The magistrates cooperated with the ministers in prosecuting Servetus while violently clashing with the ministers over the actual scope of Consistorial authority....</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480870"></a> However, there are some aspects of Servitus case in which merit examination. First,... the action against Servetus was wholly a secular affair. Servetus did not appear before the Consistory[,] and <em><strong>ministers were brought into the case as theological specialists</strong></em> to dispute Servetus' opinions. It is also useful to recall that Servetus' case followed close on the heels of the Bolsec affair which had ended unsatisfactorily from Geneva's point of view; Bolsec had simply moved to Berne and <strong><em>continued his attacks on Calvinist doctrine from there</em></strong>. The issues involved were also of much greater importance; Bolsec disagreed with Calvin on predestination while Servetus rejected traditional Trinitarian doctrine and paedobaptism....</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480889"></a> Servetus was arrested on 13 August 1553 after he was denounced by Nicolas de la Fontaine, Calvin's secretary. After an initial investigation, the lieutenant, Pierre Tissot, began the prosecution. On a 17 August, Germain Colladan appeared as a lawyer for De La Fontaine who was being held, according to Geneva law, until his accusations could be substantiated. At that point, the Lieutenant stepped aside and gave the case to his assistant, Philibert Berthelier, who was still excommunicated. The following day, for the first time, Calvin appeared as an expert witness to evaluate and refute Servetus' views. as it became apparent that Servetus would probably become <strong><em>the first person to be executed for heresy in Geneva</em></strong>, the city decided to seek advice of the other Swiss Protestant cities....[T]he Petit Conseil condemned Servetus; he was burned as a heretic the next day. (William G. Naphy, <em>Calvin and the Consolidation of the Genevan Reformation</em> (London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003) at 182-183.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480929"></a> Please note that in the above quote there simply was an indictment based solely on a complaint from Calvin's personal employee. The only witness was Calvin. The penalty doled out by the civil authorities was death.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=925085"></a> What Willie Naphy also points out is that concurrent with the Servetus' case, Berthelier -- the one Naphy just identified as one of Servetus' early prosecutors<sup><span class="footnote"> 2</span></sup> -- was battling against excommunication by Calvin's Church-run <a name="marker=925080"></a> Consistory. (<a name="marker=925077"></a> Calvin was president; this board had 6 pastors and 12 elders.) The same court that was about to rule against Servetus was simultaneously put under every unfair means of external pressure that Calvin could bring to bear to get his way. Calvin denounced their decision from the pulpit. Calvin had his allies threaten mass resignation from the criminal court (Petit Conseil) itself, to cripple its function. Naphy explains this simultaneous sub-plot involving <a name="marker=925081"></a> Berthelier who now served as one of Servetus' prosecutors:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480942"></a> The other important case of 1553, involving Berthelier, began a fortnight after Servetus's arrest. Berthelier launched a fierce assault on the Consistory's power to excommunicate. On September 1, while excommunicated, he appealed to the Petit Conseil; he asserted that magistrates had the authority to overturn the Consistory's ruling.... when the Conseil upheld its earlier ruling and supported <a name="marker=925082"></a> Berthelier, Calvin's reaction was swift, uncompromising and guaranteed to provoke a hostile response from his opponents. He presented an ultimatum against the ruling on to September and announced decision from the pulpit the next day. By 7 September all the other ministers had rallied to Calvin's inside, threatening the Council with mass resignation. <em>Id.</em>, at 184.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=925100"></a> As this debate raged over Berthelier in 1553, Calvin continually appealed on the Berthelier matter to ministers throughout Switzerland to support him while the non-Calvinist magistrates of Geneva were soliciting support from other magistrates throughout Switzerland to support themselves.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480992"></a> It turned out that the "other Swiss Protestant cities" did not support Calvin on this issue. "They clearly wished to avoid offending, but showed no desire to support his views on excommunication and ecclesiastical authority." (Naphy <em>id</em>.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480993"></a> The magistrates who so opined were clearly correct as a matter of law in the Swiss cantons. William Naphy points out that the church throughout Switzerland always insisted excommunication was a civil affair of the state, and did not belong as a power of the church. If followed in this case, the church Consistory at Geneva had no final authority to excommunicate Berthelier. This law giving the state such jurisdiction was something that the Protestant faithful had initially sought to achieve in Switzerland, apparently designed to protect the individual from loss of a perceived civil liberty at the hand of the church.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480994"></a> The first revised ruling in the case of <a name="marker=925072"></a> Berthelier was a face saving one. The Petit Conseil insisted that Berthelier was "free to receive communion but advised that he voluntarily refrain from doing so...." <em>Id.</em>, at 185.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481011"></a> However, the ministers/pastors at the urging of Calvin would not back down. The pressure became too great:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481017"></a> Faced with the impasse created by the determined opposition of the ministers, the magistrates had little choice but to climb down unless the Petit Conseil had been willing to expel the entire company of pastors. Its members had no other option; the issue itself could not be settled. [They] were faced with historic reality that there was a practical limit to their ability to control the ministers. But simply, they had no effective means of forcing the creatures in the local supporters to give way; the best they could only hope to maintain the stalemate. <em>Id.</em>, at 186.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481030"></a> What this concurrent history with Servetus' case demonstrates is that the judicial system at Geneva was not comprised of merely civil authorities operating independent of Calvin's church. Instead, within the same civil authority of the Petit Conseil, many members of the decision-making body of the panel of magistrates were a significant number of Calvinist ministers. These ministers could vote and move as a block, and thereby pressure all the other magistrates to follow their will. The other magistrates could only hope to stalemate and check the Calvinist ministers. But such action had its practical limits because the ministers would use the pulpit to attack the magistrates for doing so.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481036"></a> In other words, the very same civil magistrates who decided the case involving Servetus were the very same group of magistrates who could not act independently of the Calvinist minister members on the Petit Conseil to assume jurisdiction over the Berthelier case of excommunication, as Geneva law had previously settled in favor of their civil jurisdiction.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481050"></a> Because these very same Calvinist ministers were being led by Calvin, this gave the denunciation of Servetus by Calvin's cook/student/secretary an enormous foot forward. There could be no realistic expectation of a fair neutral judiciary to decide the fate of Servetus.</span></p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=481073"></a> Polarization by Calvin's Troops To Gain Power to Kill</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481095"></a> William Naphy points out these disputes at the time were "all polarizing the population throughout Geneva..." He continues: "the [Calvinist] ministers were in a position to drive home their message that their opponents were godless lovers of disorder and immorality, opposed to God's truth."<em> Id.</em>, at 186-87.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481098"></a> However, in reality, Calvin was stirring up friction over any disagreement with his views. He was willing to instigate criminal prosecutions against people solely because they did not acknowledge what Calvin taught was true. Thus, what is happening in the background is Calvin is actually trying to step up and begin using the church-court to inflict punishments which previously belonged exclusively to the state: excommunication and death. Calvin was stymied in this, and thus at this juncture he is relying upon the magistrates of the town council or Petit Conseil to inflict the punishments which can give Calvin de facto authority to eliminate opponents.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481110"></a> William Naphy points out that at this juncture "Calvin repeatedly stressed his view that his opponents were arrogant man who tolerated sin and delighted in wickedness." Id., at 188. Thus, Calvin's view allowed himself to see his political opponents as simultaneously sinners worthy of at least expulsion based on the mere fact of their opposition to Calvin. This was enough to smear them as <a name="marker=925067"></a> Libertines -- a label invented solely by the Calvinists to describe the opposition. (This epithet is used so often by Calvinist apologists in historical writings that one would think there was actually a political party called the Libertines at Geneva.<sup><span class="footnote"> 3</span></sup> Alas, there was no such party. It is simply a smear systematically employed first by Calvin and then by any historian of a Calvinist-bent to describe those in opposition to Calvin. It was an epithet to demonize opponents, and hence justify what is about to be done to them in 1555 -- death and expulsion.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481114"></a> In reality, Calvin was sowing violent discord and hateful abuse on opponents rather than seeking to convince by means of persuasion.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481120"></a> Eventually, this led to political success for Calvin. The last stronghold of traditional Swiss independence crumbled as the French reformers who started as mere immigrants now took control of Geneva. For 1554 was the last time that the Swiss party was able to defeat at the polls the French immigrants led by Calvin. William Naphy explains the change:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481124"></a> The first<strong><em> dramatic sign of a shift</em></strong> in the political landscape came on 24 January 1555, a week after... [an] execution for sodomy and in the midst of the trial for [an alleged] blasphemous procession. The Conseils des Soixante and Deux Cents overruled the Petit Conseil and accepted the ministerial interpretation of the [city] ordinances about excommunication; the [Church] Consistory's <strong><em>authority to discipline was secured</em></strong>. <em>Id.,</em> at 189.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=925032"></a> In other words, in 1555, as a result of Calvin's backdoor pressure, the civil magistrate authorities overruled Swiss practice, and now ruled that the church could inflict church discipline of excommunication without approval or review by the state/the courts.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=925033"></a> Prior to this change in 1555, there was one good effect of the lack of separation of church and state in Geneva. If you wanted to express yourself freely, you had some hope that the magistrates would shield you from the Calvinist influence over the city. The Petit Conseil could suspend any penalties the church-Consistory wanted to impose. However, that last hope of independence of the civil authorities from the Calvinist party was now in collapse in 1555. The Calvinists could now have their way, forcing the magistrates to accept findings of the Calvinist church-Consistory which had authority over every citizen due to the compulsory oath to the <a name="marker=925034"></a> Confession of Faith. Once the Consistory was given independent power to inflict discipline on members, this led the Consistory under Calvin's presidency to seek to undermine any independent influence at the Petit Conseil to check its power.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481153"></a> This came about because in February 1555, the Calvinist party won a slight but decisive triumph at the polls. It was the "evidence of an <strong><em>equally decisive shift in Geneva and politics</em></strong>." (Naphy, <em>supra</em>, at 189.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481154"></a> As a consequence, Calvinists were then being appointed in greater numbers to all magistrate councils including the Petit Conseil and the superior Conseil de Deux Cents. Id., at 190.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481161"></a> As a result, William Naphy could say "all the election results of 1555 show a substantial if not overwhelming shift towards the Calvinists." Id., at 190. Nevertheless, "it is essential to stress the slim majority the Calvinist had." As a result, such a "slender majority suggested the shift in the balance of political power in Geneva without implying an overwhelming realignment of public opinion." <em>Id.</em>, at 191.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481203"></a> Then a decisive subversion took place of the Swiss rulers by the French refugees loyal to Calvin. This is what allowed the Calvinists to take complete control. It was ingenious while at the same time bordering on diabolical. William Naphy explains this in neutral tones:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481175"></a> The Calvinists were left with the problem of devising a means of securing and strengthening their position. The change they made to the councils and courts showed that they tried to entrench their supporters at every level of Geneva government.... Their greatest change was to the Conseil General.... The obvious answer to this problem [i.e., the risk of retrenchment to the Swiss traditional ruling families] was to alter the character and composition of this body in such a way as to guarantee Calvinist majorities. The method which the Calvinists chose involved the admission of substantial numbers of French refugees to the borgeoisie [entitled to vote].... The enfranchisement of a dedicated block of pro-Calvin refugees, coupled with the fortuitous chance to exile many of the opposition, gave the Calvinists just to change a desired before the next election in 1556 around 130 new bourgeois [voters] were admitted and over 50 [Swiss traditionalists] faced judicial action ranging from warnings and disenfranchisement to exile or death. In a city of 12,000 persons with an evenly divided electorate, the addition of so many new voters and the expulsion of the opposition's leadership was sufficient to alter Geneva's entire magisterial structure." (Naphy, <em>supra</em>, at 191-92.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481197"></a> In other words, by expanding French immigration, the power of the civil magistrates now fell into the hands of the Calvinists. They used this judicial power to accuse opponents of blasphemy or heresy. The effect was to then expel or kill opponents on `moral' grounds. The intention was clearly to then even more certainly centralize power and take undisputed control.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481234"></a> William <a name="marker=925008"></a> Naphy makes no bones about what was taking place. He states "there is no doubt that the admission of these bourgeois [i.e., immigrants] was a calculated political move to pack the Geneva electorate.... Recent history works have presented a very confused picture of the Calvinist victory and its aftermath. Bouwsma simply fails to give any explanation of the Calvinist triumph." Id., at 192.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481235"></a> Naphy is identifying facts which apologists for Calvin do not want to see. However, if the validity of Calvinism were not at stake, surely such Christian men would themselves be aghast over such subversive tactics to undermine a state to allow a religious faction to assume undisputed control. Such sedition and subversion of a peaceful God-fearing (Protestant) democratic community is wrong in every age and in every place. The Calvinist' desire to subvert such a city, driving out those Christians who differed from Calvin's doctrines, reveals something defective at the core of Calvinism. For in doing this, Calvinists at Geneva were transgressing the universally-recognized crime of sedition.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=546968"></a> Thus, the true Christian response is to recognize Calvin was making a calculated <a name="marker=924999"></a> Stalinesque effort to subvert a democracy, control the ballot box, and then kill and expel opponents so as to turn a democracy into a one-party regime.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481243"></a> For example, in mid-1555, Calvin criticized the Swiss traditional leaders of Geneva who had attended a sermon in a Bernese church. In that sermon, Calvin was attacked from the pulpit.<sup><span class="footnote"> 4</span></sup> Calvin was making himself a sacrosanct figure. Simultaneously, the old guard were shown what criticizing Calvin could mean. The magistrates now had André <a name="marker=924998"></a> Vulliod arrested upon Calvin's charge that Vulliod committed blasphemy. <a name="marker=924959"></a> Vulliod's statement was wholly innocuous. He simply said, "we have done a great wrong by the arrest of Jesus Christ, whom the Jews have rejected and given over to the Gentiles."<a class="footnote" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#pgfId=547012"> </a><span class="footnote"><sup>5</sup></span> Apparently, Calvin thought this was intended to criticize Calvin's arrest of all the good citizens in his grab for undisputed power. Yet, on its face, it lacks any such meaning.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=546982"></a> How did the slightest statement about Jesus end up in a blasphemy charge? Naphy explains why: the Petit Conseil (the magistrates) were now "dominated by the Calvinists..." <em>Id.</em>, at 193.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481250"></a> Then the <a name="marker=924958"></a> final shoe fell.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481252"></a> In time the magistrates began to move decisively against the [traditional Swiss rulers of Geneva]. Throughout the summer [Swiss traditionalists] were fined, exiled or sentenced to death. <em>Id.,</em> at 194.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481253"></a> A very thorough list was compiled by William Naphy of the names of the Swiss traditionalists who were resisting the Calvinists and were put under threat. It is a frightening list of numerous names where next to their name we see often "sentenced to death, fled" or "executed." Included within the this list was one of those who vigorously fought his excommunication from the communion table -- <a name="marker=924957"></a> Berthelier. Next to his name, it says "sentenced to death, fled." <em>Id.</em>, at 195.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481288"></a> By this method, it is an undisputed fact that the Calvinists resorted to brazen killing of opponents for no other reason than they were opponents of Calvinism. Yet, Calvin and his party were on a mission to usurp all aspects of city government, and then use that political power to physically drive out their political opponents from Geneva. Berthelier had said it best when his brother, Francois Daniel, was executed at Geneva in June 1555. (His crime apparently was sympathy with those executed or exiled.) <a name="marker=924956"></a> Berthelier responded to his brother's death, saying that the city was now run by murderers. (Naphy, <em>supra</em>, at 196.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481316"></a> Upon their narrow election victory of February <a name="marker=924955"></a> 1555, the Calvinists quickly completed their goal of making Geneva a totalitarian religious regime. These tightening measures also had the advantage of ensnaring anyone who was not a strict Calvinist in thought or deed. For example, one of the first orders after the narrow election victory for the Calvinists was that as of February 1555 women must now sit apart from men in church. (Naphy, <em>supra</em>, at 198.) Because attendance at church was mandatory for every resident of Geneva<sup>,<span class="footnote"> 6</span> </sup>this separation decree would test whether the non-Calvinists would submit to another level of cruel oppression.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547411"></a> Cottret records the February 1555 explanation for this decree: "It has been brought to notice here that women mix among the men and men among the women at the sermon."<sup><span class="footnote"> 7</span></sup> In consequence, the people must no longer "mix with each other," but "each should take a place only for himself." (Cottret, <em>id.,</em> at 252.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547345"></a> In March 1556, those who broke measures barring the mixing of men and women were subjected to public humiliation in the collar -- a sort of pillory.<sup><span class="footnote"> 8</span> </sup>This was in keeping with Calvin's Geneva earlier having criminalized <a name="marker=924997"></a> dancing between a man and woman.<sup><span class="footnote"> 9</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547349"></a> In 1557, further interference in matters unquestionably private involved a ban on an older woman from <a name="marker=924996"></a> marrying. This was on the theory that a marriage union which would not produce children was fornication, the Calvinists forgetting the possibility that care, comfort and mutual support (i.e., love) could also be a primary purpose of a marriage union!<sup><span class="footnote"> 10</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547353"></a> These decrees and rulings are but a small glimpse at a parade of many other <a name="marker=924949"></a> tyrannies over innocent behavior which was never criminalized in the Bible, and which even the Bible endorsed!<sup><span class="footnote"> 11</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547357"></a> Then to effectuate totalitarian control, the Consistory -- the church's governing body with <a name="marker=924954"></a> Calvin as President -- established "spies and watchmen" who were to "report to the Consistory all breaches of discipline."<sup><span class="footnote"> 12</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547319"></a> Of course, none of this was a laughing matter. For indeed, since 1550, laughter was outlawed during any sermon. The penalty: three days imprisonment.<sup><span class="footnote"> 13</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547417"></a> By 1557, Geneva had become a cheerless tyranny. No dancing. No mixing of sexes. No laughter. No light.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547288"></a> When the old Swiss<a name="marker=924950"></a> traditionalists were in a slight dominance, Calvin felt free to condemn them at every turn without fear anyone would accuse him of any un-Christian attack on those `in authority.' However, when Calvin (the Frenchman) used his fellow loyal French immigrants to subvert the city of Geneva, now anyone who spoke out against using this subversive tactic was deemed un-Christian. With the same power those new voters gave him, Calvin could use the Consistory's powers (over which he was President) to now drive out and expel anyone who spoke out. He labelled all his intended victims as political subversives or blasphemers. Calvin would now be able to rely upon his doctrine from his Institutes which taught that it is a Christian duty to submit to tyranny and not rebel. <a name="marker=924940"></a> Institutes 4:20.1 ("spiritual <a name="marker=924943"></a> liberty may very well consist with political servitude.") As a result, Calvin could now twist this principle to his advantage, so that "it was considered blasphemy to speak against the foreigners who had taken refuge at Geneva for the sake of religion."<sup><span class="footnote"> 14</span> </sup>In other words, any political speech that exposed the stratagem of how Calvin would subvert and eventually did subvert the city government was banned as blasphemy!</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481292"></a> William Naphy does not hide all the evil that was afoot by Calvin and his cohorts. These stringent policies were used to effectuate the "mass explusion of... many leading citizens" to solidify Calvin's dominion. Id., at 197. In May 1555, just over a year after Servetus' execution and on the heals of the February 1555 prohibition on mixing-of-sexes during church services and other similar tyrannies, Perrin (the leader of the Swiss traditional ruling class) tried opposing the church now taking over the entire life of Geneva. This led to a melee, Perrin's expulsion and "the execution of four of his associates."<sup><span class="footnote"> 15</span></sup> All involved were tried without the benefit of being arrested and hence the right to defend their innocence. Yet, the final decrees ordered their death.<sup><span class="footnote"> 16</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=510314"></a> William Naphy sums up the whole pernicious process of how <a name="marker=924929"></a> Calvin and his `ministers' subverted the entire city government:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481301"></a> It is essential to recall that the margin of the Calvinists' victory [in February 1555] and electoral swing which produced it were very slight. [The Calvinists exploited this slim margin and] they were ruthlessly willing to alter the Genevan electorate to secure their grip on power: and when presented with the chance, they were able and willing to crush [sic: kill] the opposition and expel a significant number of their fellow citizens. As the next chapter will show, the Calvinists were not content with this singular victory; they used their new-found political power to sweep away much in Geneva's ruling elite. <em>Id.</em>, at 199.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=485550"></a> Ironically, Calvin had committed the very wrongs that Tyndale, a leading reformer, said the Pope and the Catholic church had done to the civil governments of Europe.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=485559"></a> In <a name="marker=924922"></a> Tyndale's <em>Answer to More,</em> Tyndale proved the Catholic church has long been corrupt because the Pope had managed to subvert temporal power. Tyndale argued the Pope has become the true ruler of Europe. The monarchs of Europe were only his servants. Yet, look at Calvin in Geneva? He had subverted the civil system, and turned it into a power-mad servant of his lusts for killing to guarantee control. Remember, real people died for mere thoughts in Geneva's Republic during Calvin's Reign of Terror.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=924797"></a> The Lesson This Teaches</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=924798"></a> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Yet, in August 1553, Calvin's long-term strategy was not known. It was not clear how the killing of Servetus as a heretic would create a precedent -- a very dangerous precedent -- to steal the liberty of every Genevan. We cannot trust the motive of the learned or the religious when they come to take away our liberty of thought. Instead, we must guard the law from ever being used to infringe on the freedom of speech. Any such effort perverts the purpose of the law and allows the loss of every other protection offered by the law. For once a community loses freedom of thought due to overbearing laws or prosecutors, all other liberties can be destroyed. For freedom of speech is the foundation of all other liberties. Without it, all citizens are subject to the whim of the state. No one explained this principle better than Calvin himself, which proves his knowing violation of it in 1553. Prior to becoming a Christian, Calvin wrote a commentary in 1532 entitled <em>Seneca's book On Mercy</em>. There Calvin said:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=924806"></a> If there is anything free in man, it is his tongue. A man is thrust into<strong><em> utter slavery when his FREEDOM OF SPEECH is taken away.</em></strong> In a free city, says <a name="marker=924886"></a> Tiberius [Suet., Tib. 28.1], there must be free speech.<a class="footnote" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#pgfId=924842"> </a><sup><span class="footnote">17</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=924891"></a> All these words but the last sentence are Calvin's own thoughts at one time.<sup><span class="footnote">18</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=924804"></a> Thus, Calvin meant in 1532 that <strong><em>anyone who seeks to infringe on the freedom of speech of his neighbors</em></strong>, and wishes to cast them onto the fire for disagreement with their views, <strong><em>is nothing but a tyrant</em></strong> -- the enslaver of men. Ironically, these words belong to none other than Calvin himself. As our Lord Jesus said, "you will be judged by every word that comes out of your own mouth."</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944587"></a> Yet, the lesson Calvin taught in 1553-1554, not 1532, is the one that his adherents followed, with deadly consequences. Next we shall see the example of subversion at Geneva was repeated in the Dutch Republic, leading to killings of heretics and loss of religious liberty.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944356"></a> </span>
|
||||
<div><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><img src="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579-1.gif" /></span></div>
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Other Nightmarish Murders by Calvinists For Which Calvin's Precedent With Servetus Makes Calvin Morally Responsible</span></h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944358"></a> Calvin's murderous precedent with Servetus and lesson in the Defensio of 1554 lived on among his most zealous followers. The first place this repeated itself outside Geneva was in the Dutch Republic in 1618 and 1659-1661.</span></p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=948884"></a> The Dutch Republic Turns To Murder of Non-Calvinists</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=948871"></a> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the <a name="marker=948870"></a> Dutch Republic, freedom of conscience was enshrined in the 1579 <a name="marker=948872"></a> Union of Utrecht. This was the Republic's basic constitutional document. Article 13 of the Union specifically stated: "each person shall remain free, especially in his religion, and that no one shall be persecuted or investigated because of their religion."</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948873"></a> However, by a series of subversions, the Calvinists gained hegemony. They began doing so in 1582 by means of censorship laws. With a Calvinist as governor over the most influential province of Holland, the Calvinists used censorship laws to persecute religious views different from strict Calvinism. As a result, the Dutch Reformed Church became the de facto but never de jure church of the Netherlands. All other denominations were suppressed.<sup><span class="footnote"> 19</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948877"></a> This persecution became murderous at Dort in 1619 and at Boston in 1656.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=948836"></a> The Murderous Council of Dort of 1618-1619</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">The unchristian and murderous behavior of Calvin's heirs towards heretics is on full display in the Council of Dort. (The Dutch name was Dordrecht.) This council was to determine policy for Holland -- one of the seven provinces of the United Netherlands. It was not a national council of the Netherlands, even though Holland was the most influential province.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"></span> We in the Reformed churches praise the rulings at the Council, but we are never told the same men who endorsed the five principles of Calvinism at this Council simultaneously ordered beheaded a famous pastor. This pastor's crime? He did not believe in rigid predestination. All the others who dissented from strict Calvinism were banished.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948840"></a> How could leaders of Calvinism have the gospel truth but engage in judicial murder, contrary to our Lord's words in the <a name="marker=948894"></a> Parable of the Wheat and the Tares? Our Lord commands us to make this review, and reject as an authority in the church anything taught by men guilty of such misdeeds.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948842"></a> What is particularly deplorable about the Council of Dort is that many times we are taught in the Reformed Church that this council "settled" points of doctrine within the church. The way this is depicted is one would think this was a fair-minded discussion. However, what is instead true is the dissenting group of pastors at Reformed churches who did not accept rigid predestination and "eternal assurance" doctrine<sup><span class="footnote"> 20</span></sup> were invited to have a fair discussion and vote alongside the Reformed leaders invited from eight countries.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948935"></a> The deck was stacked from the beginning. The opponents of the Arminian Remonstrants invited as voting members to this church synod a superfluity of Calvinists from eight other countries. This created a total of 86 voters who likely could be counted upon to side with the Contra-Remonstrants. At the inception, the Arminian Remonstrants were given three seats with voting rights.<sup><span class="footnote"> 21</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949145"></a> However, after arguments had been presented fairly by both sides for 26 sessions, on the 27th session everything was changed. The Synod displaced the three voting Arminians, and denied them their seats. Being forced to yield their chairs, now only the side opposing the Arminians were both the judge and witnesses.<sup><span class="footnote"> 22</span> </sup>The Arminians were cut off any longer from any ability to dispute doctrine as equals, and vote as judges. "[T]he Arminian representatives were detained and were not allowed to sit on the synod. Thus the judges were comprised entirely of individuals who had already rejected the Arminian view."<sup><span class="footnote"> 23</span> </sup>As one wry observer noted, the Arminian Remonstrants "were predestined to fail."<sup><span class="footnote">24</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949068"></a> They were displaced effectively, contrary to the entire spirit of the meeting up to that point. Their opponents alone were thereafter permitted to be seated, vote and speak. The 86 remaining voting members of the synod, including the many foreigners who had been invived, then voted "unanimously" that the displaced Remonstrants were wrong in doctrine. The 86 then made pronouncements of imprisonment, banishment and through their influence over the States General death upon one famous supporter of the Arminians. Schaff--a Calvinist and famous historian--summarizes the results:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949107"></a> The victory of orthodoxy was obscured by the succeeding deposition of about two hundred Arminian clergymen, and by the preceding though independent arrest of the political leaders of the Remonstrants, at the instigation of [Prince] Maurice. Grotius was condemned by the States-General to perpetual imprisonment, but escaped through the ingenuity of his wife (1621). Van Olden Barneveldt was unjustly condemned to death for alleged high-treason, and beheaded at the Hague (May 14, 1619). His sons took revenge in a fruitless attempt against the life of Prince Maurice. (Schaff, <em>Creeds of Christendom</em>, Vol. I, 514.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948843"></a> Hence, the Council of Dort is not a ruling we can raise as an honorable event, as is still done today in Calvinist denominations.<sup><span class="footnote"> 25</span></sup> Instead, it was conference tainted by murder, tyranny and oppression. The ones following the arguments of Arminius were, as the Freewill Baptist Quarterly relates, "persecuted with inveterate malice."<sup><span class="footnote"> 26</span></sup> All these 200 ministers in dissent from strict Calvinism "were accordingly silenced in their churches, or forced into exile" in the state of Holland. Id.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949189"></a> In <em>Historia Quinquarticularis</em> (London: 1650), the famous English preacher Peter Heylin, D.D. (1600-1662) commented that at the Synod of Dort ".... what the Contra Remonstrants (strict Calvinists) wanted in strength, they made good by power .. they prosecuted their Opponents in their several Consistories, by suspensions, excommunications, and Deprivations, the highest Censures of the church."<sup><span class="footnote"> 27</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948940"></a> As one dispassionate summary states:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948850"></a> If we pass over into Holland [i.e., one of the seven provinces of the Netherlands], we shall also find that the reformers there, were, most of them, in the principles and measures of persecution.... the most outrageous<strong><em> quarrel </em></strong>of all was that between the Calvinists and Arminians.... The moment the two parties had thus got a dogma to dispute upon, the controversy became irreconcilable, and was conducted with the <em><strong>most outrageous violence</strong></em>. The ministers of the predestinarian party would enter into no treaty; the remonstrants [non-Calvinists] were the objects of their furious zeal, whom they denominated, mamalukes, devils and plagues;<strong><em> animating the magistrates to destroy them</em></strong>; and when the time of the new elections drew near, they prayed to God for such men as would be zealous, even to blood, though it were to cost the whole trade of their cities. At length, a synod being assembled, acted in the usual manner; they laid down the principles of faith with confidence, condemned the doctrine of the remonstrants; <em><strong>deprived their antagonists of all their offices</strong></em>; and concluded by humbly beseeching God and their high mightinesses, to put their decrees into execution, and to ratify the doctrine they had expressed. The states obliged them in this Christian and charitable request, for as soon as the synod was concluded, <em><strong>Barnwelt</strong></em> [Dutch: John of Olden Barneveld], a friend of the remonstrants and their opinions, <em><strong>was beheaded</strong></em>,<sup><span class="footnote"> 28</span></sup> and <a name="marker=948851"></a> <em><strong>Grotius condemned to perpetual imprisonment</strong></em>; and because the dissenting ministers would not promise wholly, and always to abstain from the exercise of their religious functions, the states passed a resolution for <em><strong>banishing them</strong></em>, on pain, if they did not submit to it, of being treated as disturbers of the public peace." (J.J. Stockdale, <em>The History of the Inquisitions </em>(1810) at xxviii, xxix.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949161"></a> Yet, one often hears Calvinists claiming the Council of Dort was an ecumenical council, with broadminded input that then `settled' certain thorny issues, as if in a dispassionate manner. However, as the Court in <em>Groesbeeck v. Dunscomb</em> (New York Practice Reports, 1871), said, such a depiction of the Council of Dort as an "ecumenical council... wholly misrepresents" those proceedings. Instead, "it is perfectly notorious that it never pretended to settle doctrines of the Christian communion, but only some miserable controversies between Calvinists and Arminians." (Id. at 314). Some members of the church of England were invited, but they were without power of that church to commit to anything. "The decrees of the synod were never accepted in England, and were vigorously opposed by both the king and the archbishop of Canterbury."<em> Id</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949162"></a> In England, the condemnation of the Council of Dort long echoed throughout history. Samuel Parr (1747-1825) wrote that we are "shocked at the vindictive dispositions of those who presided at the Council of Dort."<sup><span class="footnote"> 29</span></sup> He went on:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948857"></a> In England, we are disgusted by the sullen obstinancy of some puritans, at the brutal ferocity of others, and at the insolent domination of their headstrong and infuriated oppressors. <em>Id</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949177"></a> The horrors of the Council of Dort are thus more of the terrible legacy of Calvin.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=948751"></a> Calvinist Death Penalties At Boston: 1659-1661</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=948752"></a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"> In 1656, the Quakers of Boston were threatened by death by the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC)--a Dutch chartered corporation which means it was directly controlled by the Dutch Republic. In 1656, Endicott, the MBC governor, threatened the Quakers<sup><span class="footnote"> 30</span> </sup>with the death penalty if they resisted the Dutch Reformed Church as the sole lawful church. "Take heed," he said, "ye break not our ecclesiastical laws, for then ye are sure to stretch by a halter."<sup><span class="footnote"> 31</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948759"></a> The Dutch rulers were serious. Four Quakers were executed thereafter solely for their beliefs. These became known as the <a name="marker=948760"></a> Boston Martyrs. Three were English members of the Society of Friends (Quakers): Marmaduke Stephenson, William Robinson and Mary Dyer. The forth was the Friend William Leddra of Barbados. Each were "condemned to death and executed by public hanging for their religious beliefs under the legislature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1659, 1660 and 1661."<sup><strong>3</strong></sup><span class="footnote"><sup><strong>2</strong></sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=944596"></a> Murders by Calvinist Pilgrims of Massachusets: 1620-1693.</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=944597"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> In Massachusetts -- murderous Calvinists known as <a name="marker=944598"></a> Separatists (aka Dissenters) engaged in what is nothing less than mass murder. These were Puritans who morphed into `Separatist' <a name="marker=944599"></a> Pilgrims but who were still Calvinist Puritans in doctrine.<sup><span class="footnote"> 33</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944607"></a> In Salem, they restarted the pattern of Geneva. At first, they landed peaceably at Salem, Massachusetts from 1620-1630. Gradually, they passed laws that expelled "from the territory all those who did not profess what they called the orthodox faith" -- sending Priests, Quakers and other Protestants to resettle elsewhere.<sup><span class="footnote"> 34</span> </sup>But then by 1692-1693, this turned ugly. The violent practices of Geneva revived in Salem. During those two years, the church there initiated discipline over church members that resulted in the killing of 29 women as alleged <a name="marker=944611"></a> witches. (These were largely church-goers.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944612"></a> The Pilgrim-Puritan/Calvinist party saw themselves as in a new type of Geneva: "the Puritans [of Salem] had established a type of theocracy... in which the church ruled in all civil matters, including that of administering capital punishment for violations of a spiritual nature."<sup><span class="footnote"> 35</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944616"></a> Thus, one sees here the Salem Church, like the Church Consistory of Geneva under Calvin, arrogated to itself the right to impose punishment upon church members. These punishments included death. This was in reliance on the practices that Calvin inaugurated at Geneva. Hence, we see once more that Calvin's misdeeds suffered repetition. The reason it took so long to undo this pattern is that Calvin's defenders over the Servetus Affair continued to promote the power of the church to kill those in dissent or who were perceived as heretics. Calvin bears on his ledger all those murdered at Salem as well.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944594"></a></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<div class="footnotes">
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 1.</span> <a name="pgfId=925135"></a> See <a class="XRef" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#10919"> </a> and accompanying text.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 2.</span> <a name="pgfId=925104"></a> Berthelier was soon replaced. Calvin's modern apologists deceptively argue that Berthelier was the "attorney of Servetus," but in fact he was the prosecutor. However, he favored applying the law as currently written -- a punishment of expulsion. Consequently, at this early juncture before Calvin appeared as a witness, it very much appeared that the court would be inclined to simply banish Servetus. After Calvin appeared as a witness and began testifying, the prosecutorial team was reshuffled, and Berthelier was no longer involved, and now the penalty under discussion gradually shifted to death. Hence, one may infer that Berthelier was in favor of allowing Servetus to be banished. Given his own struggles against Calvin, one could foresee Berthelier being mild to Servetus.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 3.</span> <a name="pgfId=937731"></a> For a deplorable example of such `historical writing, see "The Burning of Michael Servetus," at http://www.albatrus.org/english/potpourri/historical/burning_of_servetus.htm (accessed 6/29/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 4.</span> <a name="pgfId=924961"></a> The Pastor of Berne, <a name="marker=924981"></a> Haller, strongly regarded Calvin's doctrine on predestination as virtually blasphemy of God's good nature. See <a class="XRef" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#31822"> </a> , and accompanying text.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 5.</span> <a name="pgfId=547012"></a> Amédée Roget, <em>Histoire du peuple de Genève depuis la réforme jusqu'à l'escalade</em> (Geneva, J. Jullien, 1877) Vol. IV at 170 explains this incident in French: "By Le 10, André Vulliod, citoyen et notaire, est dénoncé par Calvin et les ministres comme coupable de blasphème. Ce personnage avait dit que «nous avons grand tort de nous arrester à Jésus-Christ, lequel les Juifs ont reffusé et livré aux gentils;» on lui reprochait aussi de s'être ingéré à recevoir la Cène, bien qu'elle lui eût été défendue. Il est banni pour trois ans par arrêt du Conseil."</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 6.</span> <a name="pgfId=547337"></a> "Lives of Calvin," <em>London Quarterly</em> (March 1809) at 286 ("Attendance at sermons was rigidly insisted upon.")</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 7.</span> <a name="pgfId=547262"></a> Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) at 252.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 8.</span> <a name="pgfId=547181"></a> Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) at 253.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 9.</span> <a name="pgfId=547149"></a> Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) -- a sympathetic work to Calvin -- mentions the following facts:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547157"></a> [1] in April 1546, Ami <a name="marker=924952"></a> Perrin was put on trial for refusing to testify against several friends who were allegedly guilty of having <a name="marker=924953"></a> danced. She was incarcerated for refusal to testify. (Id., at 189.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547158"></a> [2] on Thursday, June 23, 1547, several women are tried for having danced, this time including Ami Perrin. (<em>Id</em>., at 189.)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 10.</span> <a name="pgfId=547276"></a> Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) at 253 ("The age of marriage depended on the ability to procreate. The union of the widow <a name="marker=924948"></a> Claude Richardot, said to be seventy years of age, with her servant Jean Archard, a "youngster of twenty-five or twenty-six" was forbidden. The Council gave the following decision (Tuesday, January 5, 1557): `Such a union would be against nature, and rather to support fornication than the marriage state, which should be kept holy....[T]he servant wanted to take his mistress, not for the principal objects of marriage, to have descendents or for reproduction or other comforts, but for riches. So that it is not according to God.")</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 11.</span> <a name="pgfId=547200"></a> In <a name="marker=924930"></a> Exodus 15:20, Miriam was <a name="marker=924941"></a> dancing to celebrate the victory God's power had brought at the Red Sea. In <a name="marker=924942"></a> 2 Samuel 6:12-16, it recounts David "danced before the Lord" to celebrate the Ark of the Covenant being brought back to Jerusalem. <a name="marker=924931"></a> Psalm 149:3 & <a name="marker=924932"></a> 150:4 mention that we can praise or worship God through dance. There is no prohibition in the Law or Prophets or in Jesus' words on a man and woman dancing.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 12.</span> <a name="pgfId=547311"></a> "Lives of Calvin," <em>London Quarterly</em> (March 1809) at 286.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 13.</span> <a name="pgfId=547326"></a> "Lives of Calvin," <em>London Quarterly</em> (March 1809) at 286 ("To <a name="marker=924933"></a> laugh during a sermon was a matter which drew after it three days' imprisonment.")</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 14.</span> <a name="pgfId=547295"></a> "Lives of Calvin," <em>London Quarterly</em> (March 1809) at 286.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 15.</span> <a name="pgfId=510293"></a> David Sloan Wilson, <em>Darwin's Cathedral: Evolution, Religion, and the Nature of Society</em> (University of Chicago Press, 2002) at 115.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 16.</span> <a name="pgfId=547392"></a> According to Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) -- who is sympathetic to Calvin we learn at page 198, the following facts:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547381"></a> On Monday, June 3, <a name="marker=924951"></a> 1555, several leading citizens were judged without even their presence in court or being put under arrest for the melee of May 1555. In that melee they were in protest against the new tyrranical laws. <a name="marker=924923"></a> Perrin was condemned to have the hand of his right arm cut off, i.e., the hand with which he grabbed the baton that represented the church-head's (syndic's) office. He and those involved in the melee were condemned to decapitation. Then the heads and Perrin's hand were to be nailed up in public and he and his friends' bodies were to be cut into four quarters. The brothers <a name="marker=924924"></a> Comparet received the sentence of decapitation and their bodies were also to be quartered. In response, most fled. Those who refused to be intimidated, and stayed eventually were executed. Two other men, Claude Galloys and Girard Thomas, were put in a sort of pillory in two different parts of town. Galloys also received the sentence of having to carry a torch and ask for mercy. <a name="marker=924927"></a> Berthelier's brother Francois-Daniel was among the victims of the repression. At the same time, <a name="marker=924928"></a> Calvin completely justified the severity of these sentences.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 17.</span> <a name="pgfId=924842"></a> John Calvin, <em>Commentary on Seneca's De Clementia</em> (1532) (Battles/Hugo translation)(1969) at 141.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 18.</span> <a name="pgfId=924903"></a> See <a class="XRef" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#22674"> </a> .</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 19.</span> <a name="pgfId=948876"></a> See our oline article http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/Lessons/Dutch %20 Republic%20 %20 Calvinist%20subversion %20of%20 freedom%20of%20religion.pdf.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 20.</span> <a name="pgfId=949039"></a> More specifically, the Remonstrants, as they were also called, were Reformed Pastors who taught election on the basis of foreseen faith, a universal atonement, resistible grace, and the possibility of lapse from grace. Schaff points out that the five points of the Remonstrants later became tenets of Wesley's Methodists and the Episcopalian Church. (Schaff, Creeds, Vol. I, 516.)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 21.</span> <a name="pgfId=949147"></a> http://arminiantoday.blogspot.com/2007/09/synod-of-dort.html (accessed July 6, 2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 22.</span> <a name="pgfId=948922"></a> William A. McComish, <em>The Epigones: A Study of the Theology of the Genevan Academy at the Time of the Synod of Dort</em> (Pickwick Publications, 1989) at 59.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 23.</span> <a name="pgfId=949058"></a> "Synod of Dort," <em>Wikipedia</em>, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Dort (accessed July 6, 2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 24.</span> <a name="pgfId=949095"></a> Dewar, M.W., "The British Delegation at the Synod of Dort - 1618-1619," <em>The Evangelical Quarterly </em>(Ap-Je, 1974) 46: 103-16.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 25.</span> <a name="pgfId=948846"></a> If it is binding, then why do we not follow all its rulings? "Christmas, Easter, Ascension...holydays are all denounced by the assembly at Dort...." <em>Groesbeeck v. Dunscomb</em> (New York Practice Reports, 1871) at 302, 344.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 26.</span> <a name="pgfId=948849"></a> "The First Chapter of Ephesians, or Personal Predestination," <em>Freewill Baptist Quarterly</em> (Oct. 1868) at 388, 397.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 27.</span> <a name="pgfId=948959"></a> William A. McComish, <em>The Epigones: A Study of the Theology of the Genevan Academy at the Time of the Synod of Dort </em>(Pickwick Publications, 1989) at 48.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 28.</span> <a name="pgfId=948975"></a> McCormish calls this "a shameful judicial murder, when John of Olden Barneveld, the foremost citizen of the Netherlands, after forty years of the noblest public service, was beheaded on an absurd charge of treason...." McComish, <em>The Epigones: A Study of the Theology of the Genevan Academy at the Time of the Synod of Dort </em>(Pickwick Publications, 1989) at 124-25. He was killed</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 29.</span> <a name="pgfId=949165"></a> Samuel Parr, LL.D, <em>The Works of Samuel Parr</em> (Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1828) at 212.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 30.</span> <a name="pgfId=948755"></a> "The Friends believed that God's grace did not filter through the hierarchy of the religious elite, but reached each person directly. In taking this theological approach, the Quakers bypassed the authority of clergy and rulers, and recognized that the common person could be elevated to the `priesthood of all believers.' This rendered the current cultural order obsolete and formed the core ideal of the American republic that would arise more than a century later." "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 31.</span> <a name="pgfId=948758"></a> "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the <em>Liberty Magazine</em>, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 32.</span> <a name="pgfId=948763"></a> "Boston Martyrs," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 33.</span> <a name="pgfId=944603"></a> The difference between a <a name="marker=944602"></a> Puritan and a Pilgrim is simple. A Puritan wanted to purify the Anglican church. The Pilgrim was a Puritan who gave up the effort, and decided a life of pilgrimage to others lands to live a Christian life. See <a class="XRef" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#36936"> </a> . Hence, Pilgrims were known as Puritans who separated from the Anglican church. See http://www.pilgrimhall.org/PSNoteNewPilgrimPuritan.htm (2/24/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 34.</span> <a name="pgfId=944610"></a> These are the editor's words in a footnote to Thomas Paine, <em>The Theological Works</em> (J.P.Mendum: 1859) at 181.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 35.</span> <a name="pgfId=944615"></a> "Salem Witch Trials," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_witch_trials (accessed 2/18/2008). "Much, but not all, of the evidence used against the accused was `spectral evidence,' or the testimony of the afflicted who claimed to see the apparition or the shape of the person who was allegedly afflicting them." Id. The Rev. William Milbourne, a Baptist minister in Boston, publicly petitioned the General Assembly in early June 1692, challenging the use of spectral evidence by the Court. Milbourne had to post 200£ bond or be arrested for "contriving, writing and publishing the said scandalous Papers." Id. To the same effect was the petition on June 15, 1692 of twelve local ministers including Increase Mather, Samuel Willard, and Cotton Mather. It was entitled The Return of several Ministers to the Governor and Council in Boston, cautioning the authorities not to rely entirely on the use of spectral evidence, stating, "Presumptions whereupon persons may be Committed, and much more, Convictions whereupon persons may be Condemned as Guilty of Witchcrafts, ought certainly to be more considerable, than barely the Accused Persons being Represented by a Spectre unto the Afflicted."</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1259920<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="https://www.jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/755-calvin-doctrine-god-predestines-all-evil.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul, Faith Alone, Dispensationalism, Ebionites, Commands of Jesus, Original Gospel of Matthew, Hebrew Matthew" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Calvin doctrine God predestines all evil" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="DJD" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus' Words as Primary Focus for Christians" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Calvin doctrine God predestines all evil</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >"Paul is the apostle of the heretics." Tertullian,<em> Adversus Marcion</em> 3:5 (207 A.D.)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li id="current" class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesusorpaul.html"><span>Jesus or Paul</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/topicindex/753-bookstore.html"><span>Bookstore</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="6" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 3223" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "3223") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<ol style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<li style="display: block; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-bottom: 35pt; font-size: 24pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong> </strong></span></li>
|
||||
<li style="display: block; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-bottom: 35pt; font-size: 24pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong>Excerpt of book by Standford Rives: <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/753-bookstore.html">Did Calvin Murder Servetus </a>(2008) Ch. 33</strong></span></li>
|
||||
<li style="display: block; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-bottom: 35pt; font-size: 24pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 36pt;"><strong>The Hole in Calvin’s </strong></span></li>
|
||||
<li style="display: block; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 36pt; margin-bottom: 35pt; font-size: 24pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 36pt;"><strong>Conscience</strong></span></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<h2 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 29pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Introduction</span></strong></h2>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin must have found a way to rationalize killing a person for heresy [i.e. Servetus] when he always previously thought doctrine, not the sword, was the right remedy for heresy. How could he kill Servetus when he wrote that the popes had tyrannized, oppressed and murdered Christians by using violence to enforce belief?</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">There is a solution to this mystery. There was a hole in Calvin’s otherwise impervious spiritual armor that allowed this thought of killing Servetus to enter into his heart. This hole was big enough to permit Calvin to harbor an intense murderous hatred over six years until he could pounce on his adversary for insulting his <strong>Institutes</strong> and implying Calvin had a demon.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">There is a doctrine Calvin believed which could completely take away any fear of killing Servetus. A friend and colleague of Calvin, the Pastor at Berne, warned Calvin about this just two years earlier. In 1551, this pastor told Calvin that his belief that God constantly deprives men of free-will and that God supposedly ordains such evil as unbelief (and all evil) would “strip... the wicked of the reproaches of their conscience.”<a href="#fn1" id="ReturnFN1">1</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a id="R_FN1">By </a>1553, Calvin’s conscience had become utterly stripped when it came to the issue of Servetus. The pastor at Berne foresaw this consequence of Calvin’s beliefs. It is this doctrine by Calvin about God ordaining evil, even an unjustified homicide, which fully explains why Calvin felt he could murder Servetus despite Calvin’s knowledge that Scripture identifies murder as evil.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">For Calvin said God “wills and wills not the very same thing” and yet God ‘remains free of any taint.’ (<strong>Institutes</strong>, 1:18.1 [See CCEL <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.pdf?url=">1230 of the PDF</a> of Institutes, at pages 193-200, viz., 193-94].) In context, Calvin meant God wills evil and wills not evil at the very same identical time, but is not morally culpable for having willed evil.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">With this odd doctrine in hand, Calvin could see in himself the same divine spirit he saw in God. Calvin could will and will not the very same deed. Thus, if God could live with such a contradiction between His purposes and will, and will Himself murder but be free of any taint, then Calvin too could imagine he could will a murder but likewise be free of any taint.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">This may all sound a bit bizarre, but that is only because dear Reader you have not yet encountered the bizarre theological view of Calvin on the role of God in evil.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<h2 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 29pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Calvin’s Belief About Free-Will and God’s Control</span></strong></h2>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin believed Satan has no free will. Neither does any human. Calvin reasoned that to give man a moment of free will disrespected God’s honor of controlling everything.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-955215">2</a> Calvin thus taught God directs all the evil thoughts as well as the good thoughts of both humans and Satan. The idea of free-will is a false “idol.” (<strong>Institutes</strong> 1.5.11.) Free-will is supposedly a name without substance. (<strong>Institutes</strong> 3.2.16.) [See also 2.5 "The Arguments Alleged in Support of Free-Will Refuted" at <strong>Institutes</strong> PDF page <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.pdf?url=">260</a>.]</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin taught this idea about God as the driving force behind every evil thought and deed most pointedly in Chapter Eighteen in Book One of the <strong>Institutes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Christian</strong> <strong>Religion</strong>. This chapter was entitled “The Instrumentality of the Wicked Employed by God While He Continues Free from Every Taint.” The citation is <strong>Institutes</strong>, 1:18. [See PDF Institutes <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.pdf?url=">pages 193-94</a>.]</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">There Calvin says “whatever we conceive in our minds is directed to its end by the secret inspiration of God.” In other words, all thought--including all evil thoughts, malice, unbelief, and our lost condition--are directed, not merely permitted, by God.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">How then can a God who intends good also intend evil? Calvin answers this by unabashedly insisting that when God directs evil, God “wills and wills not the very same thing.” (<strong>Institutes</strong>, 1:18.1.) Calvin defends a completely schizophrenic God.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">To maintain this view of God, Calvin insisted free-will was a chimera, and that we “do not discuss and deliberate on anything but what he has previously decreed with himself [i.e., God], and brings to pass by his secret direction....” (<strong>Institutes</strong> 1:18.1.)</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">In the same section, Calvin writes that God “directs [Satan and his angels’] malice to whatever end he pleases, and employs their iniquities to execute his judgments.” (<strong>Institutes</strong>, 1:18.1.) As one of Calvin’s key proofs, Calvin cites a Bible passage in 1 Kings 22:19-23. Calvin is correct that the prophet Micaiah is recorded in Kings as saying God directed lying prophets to lie to a ruler. As literally phrased, Calvin was correct that Kings records Micaiah (a little known prophet) saying God directly ordered an evil action by lying prophets--a lie. But Calvin did not realize this verse is spoken therefore by a prophet who turned false,<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951157">3</a>just like Balaam was a true prophet of Christ in Numbers 24 but later proved false by the false-prophet principle in Deut. 13:1-5. For Balaam later taught it was permissible to eat meat sacrificed to idols (Rev. 2:14), and thus by contradicting God’s law turned from a true to a false prophet. Micaiah was likewise just such a prophet who turned false by attributing to God an attribute (i.e., the ability to lie) which God denies is possible in the Law given Moses. (<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=numbers+23%3A19&version=YLT">Numbers 23:19</a>.)</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Thus, incorrectly relying on this passage from Kings to prove God affirmatively spreads lies, Calvin writes: “The fiction of bare permission [of evil] is at an end,” meaning it is false to say that God merely permits evil; supposedly, instead, God directs evil. Id.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Calvin’s Lack of Any Explanation On How God Remains Good</span></strong></h1>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin knew the counter-argument against his ideas. Calvin’s idea necessarily makes God the author of sin. The pastor Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575) in Calvin’s dispute of 1551 with Bolsec over predestination, took the side of Bolsec, to the dismay of Calvin. Bullinger explained why:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">None <strong>are reprobate by the eternal decrees of God</strong>, save those who of their own choice refuse the election freely offered to all. How shall we believe that God ordains the fate of men before their birth, foredooming some to sin and death, others to virtue and eternal life? Would you <strong>make of God an arbitrary tyrant, strip virtue of its goodness, vice of its shame, and the wicked of the reproaches of their conscience?</strong> It cannot be said of God that He blinds, hardens, and gives to perdition any man, without at the same time assuming that it is God who is the Author of human blindness and reprobation, and therefore the cause of the sin committed.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-955911">4</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Castellio earlier in the 1540s had likewise condemned Calvin’s doctrine on God predestining the lost to be lost with no free will to accept God. Castellio said Calvin’s idea did not square “with the nature of God. <strong>Nothing could be more contrary to God than the creation of sons...for the purpose of punishing them</strong>.”<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-956697">5</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">The pastor Bullinger and Castellio were simply echoing the kindly words of the brilliant scholar and theologian, Erasmus, in his debate with Luther over free-will. Erasmus explained the same point in more depth--which evidently is what led the Lutheran party to abandon the young Luther’s ideas on the bondage of the will. Erasmus wrote:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">Those who deny any freedom of the will and affirm absolute necessity, <strong>admit that God works in man not only the good works, but also evil ones</strong>. It seems to follow that inasmuch as man can never be the author of good works, he can also <strong>never be called the author of evil ones</strong>. This opinion seems <strong>obviously to attribute cruelty and injustice to God, something religious ears abhor vehemently.</strong> (He would no longer be god if anything vicious and imperfect were met in him.)<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-955943">6</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Servetus had similarly written about Calvin’s view:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">Mankind, in your account, is no more than stupid blocks. And God in your system is no other than <strong>a monster of arbitrary fate.</strong>...<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-963452">7</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">This doctrine was similarly Castellio’s primary reason for falling out with Calvin. As just noted, Castellio said Calvin’s notions that God directs the lost to be lost with no free-will option to escape because such a notion does not square “with the nature of God. <strong>Nothing could be more contrary to God than the creation of sons...for the purpose of punishing them</strong>.”<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-984619">8</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Thus, Calvin knew the objection to his theory was that God would be culpable for evil, and thus God’s unwilling tools--whether man or Satan--would be the innocent ones. If you wish to deny man any credit for good works and thus insist God controls and directs man’s will at all times, you thus necessarily also are ascribing to God all the credit for the evil works of man and Satan.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin responded by saying God orders and dictates all sinners to sin but God ‘remains above every taint.’ However, that is no answer. It is just an ad hoc statement or disclaimer. (This is known as the ad hoc fallacy which supposes that saying it is so makes it so.)</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">But Calvin had not given a true answer. One cannot give all the facts that, if true, make God the author of sin and then declare the logical implication that follows does not indeed follow. That is pure sophistry.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin realized this too. When pressed on the point, Calvin himself admitted there is no answer he could offer. Calvin confessed “ignorance” on how God is a cause of sin and not culpable for it. Calvin wrote:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">But <strong>how</strong> it was ordained by the foreknowledge and decree of God what man’s future was <strong>without God being implicated as associate in the fault as the author and approver of transgression, is clearly a secret</strong> so much excelling the insight of the human mind, that I am not ashamed to confess ignorance.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-952124">9</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">At other times, Calvin used bullying and bluster to suppress the logical result being used to impugn his ideas. For example, Calvin argued that if one thinks his idea leads to “absurdity” about God, the fault is not in his argument, but rather in our “carnal” mind for not accepting this truth. (Institutes 1:18.1.)</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Then at other times, Calvin tried to offer a rationale, but it broke down into vagueness. He said “we attribute the same work to God, to Satan, and to man as author,” but because their purposes can vary, God is innocent.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-952131">10</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">But Calvin clearly gave no freedom to finding any purpose in the human mind that was free and voluntary from the persistent direction of God. If man has no free-will at any moment, as Calvin repetitiously insisted, then we must ask: at what point does a human have the free will to form a murderous plot that is outside God’s ordering it? Controlling it? Thinking it first? Calvin left no room for man to be found culpable if man has utterly no free will. But Calvin hoped by double-speak, and disingenuous sophistry, to justify attributing evil to God’s doing and think we would not recognize <strong>blasphemy</strong> when we see it in print.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Hence, Calvin never had a real explanation for his doctrine on God’s role in evil. Modern Calvinists have struggled to do better than Calvin, but they only offer mumbo-jumbo about ‘negative causation’ or ‘ultimate causation’ as a means to justify the unjustifiable.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-954526">11</a></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>Calvin’s Bizarre Idea Is Mainstream Among Calvinist Christians</strong></span></h1>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">This idea that God directs evil, both the thought and the deed which comprise the act, deprived Calvin at times from differentiating right-from-wrong. It certainly was proof of a moral hole in Calvin’s spiritual armor. For anyone who thinks God directs evil as much as good can himself no longer differentiate the unholiness of evil from the holiness of that which is good.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">This is not to say that one cannot sanely explain the doctrine. However, once it is ingested and forms part of one’s moral fibre for a long period of time, it necessarily must dissolve those moral fibres which originally welcomed the idea. Then by virtue of the sheer viciousness of the doctrine itself, one’s moral center will suffer a hole--the same hole by which Calvin processed and countenanced the murder of Servetus.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">The best proof that sane Christian men can initially rationalize what Calvin taught is the Westminster Confession of Faith (1648)(“WCF”). Calvin’s bizarre idea is still reflected in this document which to this day remains the foundation-stone of the Presbyterian church (a Calvinist church). It likewise states Calvin’s horrific principle. Like him, the Westminster Confession of Faith tries to deflect the blasphemous implication of Calvin’s bizarre idea by simply appending an affirmation that God is not to be blamed for evil even though He is the one who causes it. The Westminster Confession hopes that by denying the obvious logical conclusion that the problem is thereby skirted, just like Calvin sought to do. (To repeat, this is known as the ad hoc fallacy.) The WCF states:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';"><strong>God</strong> from all eternity did, by the most wise and holy counsel of His own will, freely and <strong>unchangeably ordain whatsoever comes to pass</strong>; yet so, as thereby <strong>neither is God the author of sin, nor is violence offered to the will of the creatures</strong>, nor is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather established.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951005">12</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">The Westminster Confession of Faith (“WCF”) 5:4 (just like Calvin) denies that God merely “permits evil.” It insists that evil takes place due to the “powerful bounding” and “order” from God’s will, yet the WCF still insists sinfulness somehow proceeds “only from the creatures and not from God.”<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951027">13</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Thus, we see a group of sane Christian men were able to endorse the same bizarre idea that Calvin taught 100 years earlier. The heirs of the WCF--the Presbyterian Church--perpetuate the WCF in Bible classes throughout America each Sunday. But this doctrine presents a moral hole in all who teach and believe it. It is a wide-open highway to succumb to any temptation to sin as “God’s will” even though God “wills it not” at the very same moment. There is no limit to the capacity of what can be justified once you go down this road. In fact, once you embrace the premise, and lose sight of Calvin’s disclaimer, a murderer can console himself that his thoughts of murder are God’s instigating those thoughts, and when he murders, that it was God’s deed, and thus justified.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Hence, one can see that rational sane men can believe such a bizarre teaching. But one can also see, it is an idea directly destructive of the soul’s strength in differentiating any longer between right and wrong. If harbored upon, it will in due course grow like a cancer in the soul, and potentially can lead to a sort of insanity of the mind--the very kind of depravity that can lead one to murder another individual.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">The Logical Implication Is Not So Easily Denied</span></strong></h1>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet, despite all the twisting to avoid it by Calvin and the WCF, it logically follows that if God “from all eternity did.... unchangeably ordain whatsoever comes to pass” (WCF) then God ordains all evil. If God powerfully “bounds” and “orders” evil, and does not merely “permit” evil, as the WCF says, then God is responsible directly for all evil. The additional tag that says God is not the “author of sin” is contrary to the direct implication of the main premise. The writers of the WCF are deluding themselves and tricking the reader into affirming a blasphemy, reassuring themselves and others it has no blasphemous implications. But it certainly does. Simply denying the logical implication does not remove the blasphemy and the insult of God. Using words to “mystify the reader by pious words commendatory of God’s sanctity” does not remove the stain because it still adds up to saying God authors sin.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-952253">14</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Some Christians sympathetic to Calvin tacitly agree that such a disclaimer that ‘God does not author evil’ cannot erase the implication of the doctrine. While they claim Calvin is entitled to the defense which his disclaimer is intended to provide, yet they agree his doctrine leads to only one inevitable deduction: God is the author of sin. For example, a Methodist text of 1831 recognizes this quandary: “even though [Calvin’s] principles directly lead to it [i.e., God is the author of sin], since he has put in this disclaimer [i.e., God is free of every taint], he is entitled to be exempted from the charge [i.e., of blasphemy saying God authors sin], but the logical conclusion is inevitable.”<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-952205">15</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">But this is a terrible error of analysis. A disclaimer is a rhetorical tool known as the ad hoc fallacy. It has many common names today such as double-speak. You are speaking out of both sides of your mouth at once. Such a disclaimer is deliberately used to protect a dangerous expression to pass into a listener’s conscious mind. The counter-affirmations never properly remove the premise. They only are present to cause the listener to relax, and not recognize the perniciousness of the main idea advanced. Double-speak is indeed useful often for self-delusions as well. Indeed, this doctrine about God and evil became Calvin’s strongest self-delusion.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Sane Men Can Rely Upon This Bizarre Doctrine & Believe in God</span></strong></h1>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Thus, this bizarre notion of Calvin was not bizarre enough for his followers to recognize as bizarre and reject it. This doctrine still lives on in the Westminster Confession of Faith as well as numerous Calvinist modern authors’ works. It was still insisted upon in a sermon I heard in July 2008 in a Presbyterian church.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Accordingly, it is a bizarre idea that a perfectly sane person can ingest and repeat without realizing how bizarre and foolish it sounds. A whole panel of divines wrote the Westminster Confession of Faith, and repeated Calvin’s horrible claim about God. Thus, there is every reason to understand Calvin never woke up from his delusion about God’s role in evil being the binding force of every thought and every deed, good or evil. Thus, this doctrine could be the basis of concluding Calvin suffered from a form of insanity when he killed Servetus.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">In other words, this very powerful delusion was something Calvin’s hate for Servetus could feed upon, until Calvin could will and will not Servetus’ death. Calvin could believe he killed Servetus in obedience to God’s will, even as God willed and will not the same event. And just as God bore no guilt for murder He willed, Calvin’s mind could likewise reject any taint on his own conscience. This doctrine on evil very easily could have been the hole in Calvin’s psyche--in his deepest soul--that permitted this terrible crime.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Even A Maverick Can See The Problem</span></strong></h1>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Just as the Swiss Pastor Bullinger in 1551 said Calvin’s depiction of God makes Satan the innocent one, President Thomas Jefferson said Calvin’s god is indistinguishable from a demon. Jefferson was not a man of any orthodox faith, yet he was a lover of God in his own unique way. Jefferson could readily see the error in Calvin’s thinking.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">On April 11, 1823, Jefferson wrote John Adams, rebuffing Adams’ request that he become a Calvinist:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">I can never join Calvin in addressing his god. He was indeed an Atheist, which I can never be; or rather his religion was Dæmonism. If ever man worshipped a false god, he did. The being described in his 5 points is not the God whom you and I acknowledge and adore, the Creator and benevolent governor of the world; but a dæmon of malignant spirit. It would be more pardonable to believe in no god at all, than to blaspheme him by the atrocious attributes [given him by] Calvin.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-512008">16</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">If Jefferson can see this, why wouldn’t every non-Christian see it as well? There is no rebutting Jefferson, because it is true. Calvin’s god by the time of the 1553 trial of Servetus had all the characteristics of a demon, and was thoroughly indistinguishable from one. (This is not saying Calvin was demon-possessed. Rather, Calvin’s depiction of God’s role in evil made Calvin’s god indistinguishable from a demon, which is what could provide the moral hole through which Calvin rationalized his misdeed.)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Modern Baptist & Christian Thinkers See The Bizarre Depiction of God in Calvin’s Thinking</span></strong></h1>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Indeed, when viewed as a whole, Calvin’s structure of salvation doctrine, mixed with predestination of the lost and God’s orchestration of their damnation and evil behavior, is very troublesome. Dr. Roger Olson, a professor of theology in George W. Truett Theological Seminary (Baptist) at Baylor University, said it best in 2007:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">Is God, then, the author of evil? Most Calvinists don’t want to say it. But logic seems to demand it. If God plans something and renders it certain, how is he not culpable for it? Here is where things get murky....The God of Calvinism scares me; I’m not sure how to distinguish him from the devil. If you’ve come under the influence of Calvinism, think about its ramifications for the character of God. God is great but also good. In light of all the evil and innocent suffering in the world, he must have limited himself.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951820">17</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Tim Warner of the Pristine Faith Restoration Society wrote Where Calvinism Leads (2003) and he likewise opined:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">When the philosophy that drives Calvinism is projected to its logical conclusion, even Satan’s activity is an extension of God’s sovereignty. God sovereignly controls Satan’s every move. This makes God the author of everything evil, and the most wicked sinner of all. Some Calvinists actually admit this, and seek to defend it from Scripture. If ultimately God sovereignly is in control of everything, and if free will of man, angels, or even Satan, is ultimately under the control of God, then the responsibility for all wickedness and evil must be placed at the feet of God Himself. Are Satan’s actions of his own free will? If so, then God has obviously limited His sovereignty regarding Satan’s activities. He allows Satan free will. If Satan’s actions are ultimately under the control of God, then Satan is merely God’s puppet, or “dark side.” The God of the Bible does not resemble this kind of god.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951825">18</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">All lovers of God must concur. Calvin’s perspective is clearly inimical to respecting God as Holy, Good and Just. With this thought dominating Calvin’s theology, how could he ever resist the desire to murder a man? How could his conscience ever think he is responsible for such a crime if his God planned the whole thing and supposedly remains above taint?</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Lutherans View Calvin’s Bizarre Notion As Evil</span></strong></h1>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">The fact Calvin’s depiction of God is truly and utterly blasphemy was not lost on our Lutheran brethren of yesteryear. Luther and Lutheranism had initially embraced a similar idea of the bondage of the human will, but in due course Lutheranism firmly rejected it, thereby creating the major point of disagreement between Calvinism and Lutheranism.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Melancthon, who succeeded Luther as head of the Lutherans in 1546, commented on Calvin’s views as qualifying truly as madness and “fatal to morals.” His exact words were:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">This opinion [that God directs evil] ought everywhere to be held in horror and execration; it is a stoical madness, fatal to morals, monstrous and blasphemous.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-958323">19</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">[The] disputations respecting fate [are] offensive in their nature, and noxious in their tendency.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-958353">20</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Nearing death, Melancthon wrote again on Calvin’s ideas in a letter dated March 20, 1559. Melancthon said that he had come to reprove near 1529 the notion of “necessity” because it is “reproachful toward God and injurious to morals.” He adds: “I openly reject and abhor” the “furies that affirm that all things necessarily happen, evil as well as good actions,” calling this a “monstrous opinion” which is “contumelious against God and pernicious of morals.”<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-956053">21</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">After Melancthon’s death, the Lutheran party systematically criticized Calvin for his doctrines on free-will and God’s role in evil. This critique began in 1592. In that year, according to Schaff (a Reformed/Calvinist), the Lutheran church made a concerted effort to extinguish what Schaff calls “crypto Calvinism” in German lands.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951686">22</a> One of the main blasting points by the Lutherans of Calvin was Calvin’s doctrine that God is the direct author of evil, including lying.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">In 1592, a “famously contentious and dogmatic Lutheran, Conrad Schlüsselburg”<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951697">23</a> (b. 1543), Pastor of the “Lutherans of Antwerp”<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951700">24</a> and later Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg, wrote in his Theologiae Calvinistarum libri tres (1592) a critique of this doctrine of Calvin:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">This Calvinistic error is horribly injurious to God, and of all errors the most mischievous to mankind. According to this Calvinistic theologian, [i.e., Calvin] God would be the most unjust tyrant.--It would no longer be the devil, but God himself would be the Father of lies.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951704">25</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Schaff who favors Calvinism<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951719">26</a> notes again good men of the Lutheran profession viewed this doctrine of Calvin as “downright blasphemy.” Schaff recounts the case of Philip Nikolai who abhorred this ‘God as director of sin’ doctrine of Calvin which made God into a “hellish Behemoth” and “a fiend of men.” Schaff’s summary was:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 0pt; margin: 7pt 18pt 7pt 30px; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'ZapfEllipt BT';">Philip Nikolai, a pious Lutheran pastor at Unna, afterwards at Hamburg, and author of two of the finest German hymns (Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern, and Wachet auf! ruft uns die Stimme), called the God of the Calvinists “a roaring bull” (Wucherstier und Brüllochs), “a bloodthirsty Moloch, a hellish Behemoth and Leviathan, a fiend of men!”<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951725">27</a></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">A Wide Consensus Sees Horrid Image of God in Calvin’s Bizarre Idea</span></strong></h1>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Thus, with the canvass above, we see that many solid Christian thinkers recognized that the god of Calvin had become a “demon,” a “hellish Behemoth” (Nikolai), a “fiend of men” (Nikolai), “the father of lies” in place of Satan (Schlüsselburg), “the most unjust tyrant,” (Schlüsselburg), the “most wicked sinner of all” (Warner), “an arbitrary tyrant” (Pastor of Berne) and “a dæmon of malignant spirit” (Jefferson). One exasperated pastor said: “I’m not sure how to distinguish [Calvin’s god] from the devil” (Truett).</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">They all agreed that Calvin’s notion was “fatal to morals” (Melancthon), would “strip... the wicked of the reproaches of their conscience” (Pastor of Berne), and be “injurious to morals” (Melancthon).</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Clearly, Calvin’s notion leads to viewing God as both having a good and evil spirit, sending us back-and-forth as His whimsy allows. Surely, such a pernicious view of God would give Calvin license to murder, consoling himself that God even formed the intent, and that his God was making him do it, thereby making the murder holy. A terribly wrong premise about God’s role in evil leads logically to sanction murder. “God does it [i.e., evil] and the fiction of bare permission is at an end,” if we use Calvin’s own words. (Institutes 1.18.1.)</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">By contrast, nothing Servetus ever taught was as dangerous as Calvin’s blasphemy about free-will and God’s direction of evil.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>Calvin Likely Arrived At This Bizarre Idea Inadvertently and For A Good Faith Purpose</strong></span></h1>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 29pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Introduction</span></strong></h2>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">I would like to point out in fairness to Calvin that the original purpose of this perverse doctrine in Calvin’s Institutes of 1536 was likely not to sanction murder. Nor do I believe Calvin started out wanting to make the God of the Bible responsible for all evil.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Rather, this doctrine attributing to God a direct role in evil was Calvin’s only way to explain a contradiction with how he read Paul’s words and what Jesus taught. Jesus in the Parable of the Sower said Satan snatches the word lest the unbeliever believe. But Paul spoke differently, and said God hardens the heart of Jews in unbelief. Paul’s statement fit well into Calvin’s view on predestination. Calvin thought God predestines the lost to damnation with no free will opportunity to ever believe. God supposedly makes the lost never believe. However, if read that way, Paul attributes to God what Jesus said was the work of Satan.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">This is where Calvin’s notion that God directs Satan perfectly resolves the apparent contradiction between Jesus and Paul. It was the elegance of this fit and solution which made Calvin advance what everyone else around him readily saw as a deplorable idea.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin should have realized that his inability to explain how God is free of moral taint for directing evil was a hint he had somewhere taken a wrong turn. The only hero of Calvin’s theology by logical necessity is Satan, just as the Swiss pastor Bullinger said in 1551 in the case of Bolsec.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951756">28</a> For Calvin insists Satan does his evil at God’s total beck-and-call, which means Satan has the least moral guilt of all, being controlled with no moment of acting free of the directing-will of his creator.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 29pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Let’s Recreate Calvin’s Likely Original Evident Salutary Purpose In Devising This Doctrine.</span></strong></h2>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin likely came up with this doctrine that God directs and controls all evil thoughts and deeds, including those of Satan, to solve a textual dilemma. It was not because he wanted to end up worshipping a being that instigates all evil, or had some great love of Satan to give him a basis for exoneration. Calvin’s spirit clearly started with wholesome objectives, and thus we must recognize that he backed into this doctrine inadvertently and in good faith.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">The dilemma Calvin faced was that unless one believes God directs all evil, then Jesus refutes the predestination doctrine as Calvin construed from Paul’s writings. Jesus does this in the Parable of the Sower. Jesus in Luke chapter eight says after the word is sewn on the first hard soil, Satan comes and snatches the word “lest they believe and be saved.” (<a href="http://biblehub.com/luke/8-12.htm">Luke 8:12</a>.)</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">In Calvin’s view, Paul says the opposite, and attributes to God the hardening of the heart of unbelievers. Calvin relied upon Paul’s teaching that God hardens the Jews in unbelief in <a href="http://biblehub.com/romans/11-8.htm">Romans 11:8</a> [FN<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-529766">29</a>] and <a href="http://biblehub.com/romans/11-32.htm">11:32</a>. [FN <a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-529671">30</a>] In other words, God supposedly prevents belief in them.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-529710">31</a> Calvin liked this reading because it confirmed his view that God predestines the lost without any free-will ability to accept the Gospel. (Some commentators find other ways of reading Romans 11:32 that does not support this view.)<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-529689">32</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Hence, according to Jesus, it is Satan who causes unbelief, not God. But Paul’s teaching, if he really uttered it and meant what Calvin thought, is falsified by Jesus. What would we do with such a contradiction between Jesus and Paul? If the contradiction were real, Jesus said “the apostolos is not above the one who sent him.” (<a href="http://biblehub.com/john/13-16.htm">John 13:16</a> [see Greek tab "apostolos"].) So if such contradiction cannot be explained, we follow Jesus, and reject any doctrine that opposes that of Jesus.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-950552">33</a></p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet, Calvin did not see that as an option. He felt convinced there was a contradiction that needed harmonization because he read Paul saying God predestines the lost in unbelief, but Jesus said Satan snatches the word lest the nonbeliever should believe. Calvin felt compelled to find a way to reconcile Paul to Jesus. Calvin found the solution in the doctrine we have been discussing. If Satan when he snatches the word and prevents belief was simultaneously being commanded and predestined by God to do so, then Paul and Jesus are reconciled. What Paul says about God hardening some in unbelief and what Jesus says about Satan snatching the word to prevent belief are then both simultaneously true.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 29pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Calvin Should Have Re-examined His Edifice of Doctrine</span></strong></h2>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">However, whatever explanation could ever truly reconcile Paul’s words to Jesus, no Christian could ever solve this dilemma by attributing the snatching of the word by Satan to God’s controlling or directing Satan. This would attribute an immoral act or evil to God. The idea that God wills the lost to be lost also directly contradicts Ezekiel. That prophet says God does not desire the damnation of the lost.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-529861">34</a> Unless God can will against His own desire--“wills and wills not” the same conduct (as Calvin insisted was possible), Ezekiel is the final word. Calvin’s solution would attribute to God Himself what Jesus directly says is the work of Satan--the prevention of belief by snatching the word sewn. To attribute this snatching by Satan to God would truly be blasphemy of God.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 29pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Why Is Calvin’s Solution Blasphemy?</span></strong></h2>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Why is Calvin’s words so injurious to God’s reputation? Jesus says that to attribute the works of the Holy Spirit to Satan is blasphemy. (Matt. 12:27-32.) By converse logic, any attribution of the works of Satan to the Holy Spirit would likewise be blasphemy. Hence, to attribute to God the snatching by Satan of the word and causing unbelief in men must itself be a blasphemy of God. It is an insult on God’s goodness--a statement which satisfies the quintessential true meaning of blasphemy.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-954919">35</a> Whether from Calvin or Paul, blaming human unbelief (rejection of God/Jesus) on God would be an insult on God, and false doctrine. Calvin did not see that priority for Jesus’ words, and sought a solution that required a horrifying doctrine that God directs evil.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin’s mistake was not being willing to throw out all his pet doctrines--even his view of predestination--because it required a blasphemous view of God to make all the pieces fit.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
<h1 style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-top: 44pt; margin-right: 48.024pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>A Thought About 1 Kings 22</strong></span></h1>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin’s key Scriptural proof was 1 Kings 22. It says God sent lying prophets to lie to someone. This verse directly implicates God in evil. However, a little more careful reading of 1 Kings 22 would have proven Michaiah was a false prophet when he said God sent lying prophets to lie.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-951658">36</a> Rather than attempting to vindicate God from every stigma, Calvin recklessly embraced every verse he could find that attributed evil to God, including the passage in 1 Kings 22, so that the perceived textual dilemma between Jesus and Paul could be solved.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">But that passage in 1 Kings at the same time proves Micaiah’s prophecy in Kings was spoken as a false prophet, and hence the statement was uninspired. Calvin never thought of that possibility. Instead, Calvin ended up unabashedly attributing immoral evil directly to God without any concern for the dignity and honor of God. The other verses Calvin cites all have similar solutions, e.g., a mistranslation, an uninspired voice is speaking, a hyperbole, etc.<a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#pgfId-954436">37</a></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<hr style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" />
|
||||
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a id="fn1">1</a>. Robert Willis, M.D., <strong>Servetus and Calvin: A Study of an Important Epoch in the Early History of the Reformation</strong> (H.S. King & Co. 1877) at 341-342 (quoting the pastor). For the full quote, see the text accompanying <a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#36516">See Calvin, Concerning the Eternal Predestination of God (London: James Clarke and Co., 1961) at 124. </a>In the same context, Calvin tries to draw possible conceptions of how God’s will could coexist with our evil will. Calvin says God is the “ultimate remote cause” of sin, and we are the proximate cause. Id., at 181. Yet, that does not wash with Calvin’s teaching that man has no free-will. How can an involuntary being whose every thought is enslaved to God, and who utterly lacks free-will, in any sense be a cause of anything? [<a href="#R_FN1" target="_self">Return to Text at Footnote 1.]</a></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">2. “Nothing, however slight, can be credited to man without depriving God of his honor, and without man himself falling into ruin through brazen confidence.” Calvin’s Institutes 2.2.1. Calvin believed if man truly had free will, he might believe his good works are his own product, and hence suffer from pride. “[I]t ought to be clearly evident how important it is for him to be barred from false boasting.” Id.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">3. See <a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#31367">See The most abhorrent conclusion is deduced by Calvin from 1 Kings 22:20-23. Calvin claims it is an inspired message that God puts a lying spirit in some prophets to lie. Calvin says God wanted Ahab deceived, and Satan is sent by God “with a definite command [from God] to be a lying spirit in the mouth of all the prophets” (Calvin’s words). Calvin has no problem saying God commanded a lie. While Calvin is textually correct, his assumption that this message is itself inspired is wrong.</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Robert Willis, M.D. Servetus and Calvin: A Study of an Important Epoch in the Early History of the Reformation (H.S. King & Co. 1877) at 341-42. Willis does not mention his name, but the pastor from a nearby Swiss city was Bullinger. He is clearly the author of this quote as Calvin wrote Bullinger on January 21, 1552 saying, “yet you defend this man [Bolsec]--a thing to be most vehemently lamented.” (Henry:139). Bullinger similarly wrote to Calvin: “Believe me, many are displeased with what you say in your Institutes about predestination.”</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">5. Castellio, Four Dialogues, quoted in John Marshall, John Locke, Toleration and Early Enlightenment Culture (Cambridge, 2006) at 320.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">6. Erasmus -- Luther: Discourse on Free Will (trans. & ed. by Ernst F. Winter) (New York: Frederick, Unger, 1961), Ch. VIII, Sec. 59.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">7. Hodges, An impartial history of Michael Servetus, burnt alive at Geneva for heresie (London: printed for Aaron Ward, 1724) at 108.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">8. Castellio, Four Dialogues, quoted in John Marshall, John Locke, Toleration and Early Enlightenment Culture (Cambridge, 2006) at 320.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">9. Calvin, Concerning the Eternal Predestination of God (London: James Clarke and Co., 1961) at 124. In the same context, Calvin tries to draw possible conceptions of how God’s will could coexist with our evil will. Calvin says God is the “ultimate remote cause” of sin, and we are the proximate cause. Id., at 181. Yet, that does not wash with Calvin’s teaching that man has no free-will. How can an involuntary being whose every thought is enslaved to God, and who utterly lacks free-will, in any sense be a cause of anything?</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">10. In Calvin’s Institutes 2.4.2, we read:</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">“How may we attribute this same work to God, to Satan, and to man as author, without either excusing Satan as associated with God, or making God the author of evil? Easily, if we consider first the end, and then the manner of acting...So great is the diversity of purpose that already strongly marks the deed. There is no less difference in the manner...Therefore we see no inconsistency in assigning the same deed to God, Satan, and man; but the distinction in purpose and manner causes God’s righteousness to shine forth blameless there, while the wickedness of Satan and of man betrays itself by its own disgrace.”</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">11. Calvinists cite Ephesians 1:11 to support this blasphemy. Paul says “we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to His purpose who works all things after the counsel of His will....” Calvin defenders say this means God “brings about” all things. “Everything is brought about by God.” See The Sovereignty of God Over Evil at <a href="http://www.geocities.com/athens/delphi/8449/comp1.html">http://www.geocities.com/athens/delphi/8449/comp1.html</a> (5/21/08). In Romans 11:36 we also read: “For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things.” A Calvinist rationalizes: “Thus, all things have their source in God’s eternal decrees, all things are brought to pass by God’s almighty power.” Id. The writer of this piece knows that the question arises: how can God not thereby be the author of sin? Here is his answer, and you can plainly see a mind caught in a logical dilemma but which will not confess the error of the premise. He says: “[God] is behind good in a way that renders Him fully deserving of all of the credit for it, but He is behind evil in such a way that He deserves none of the blame for it.” Id. How so? “God is the ultimate cause of sin, but He is not the positive cause of sin.” Id. “He does not produce sin in people’s hearts, but directs it by means of negative causation.” Id. Is this leaving people alone (permission) or directing them (instigation) to sin? Following Calvin, he says the latter: “I am not saying that God simply leaves a person to their own sinful nature, and that is all there is to it. God also directs the degree of evil in a person's heart by hardening it by means of negative causation.” Id. His main proof, like Calvin’s, is 1 Kings 22:19-23 because it says God was “sending a deceiving spirit to ‘entice Ahab to go up and fall at Ramoth-gilead.’” (This was a false, not true prophet speaking. See <a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#31367">See The most abhorrent conclusion is deduced by Calvin from 1 Kings 22:20-23. Calvin claims it is an inspired message that God puts a lying spirit in some prophets to lie. Calvin says God wanted Ahab deceived, and Satan is sent by God “with a definite command [from God] to be a lying spirit in the mouth of all the prophets” (Calvin’s words). Calvin has no problem saying God commanded a lie. While Calvin is textually correct, his assumption that this message is itself inspired is wrong.</a>.)</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">As you can see, The Sovereignty of God Over Evil repeats Calvin’s blasphemy, continuing to make the same illogical affirmance which Calvin did that God somehow is not logically thereby the author of sin. This is nonsense for it follows by logical necessity, proving the premise must be wrong. Yet, by injecting this ‘God is above every taint,’ Calvin and the sophists in his train were able to induce generations of Christians to repeat a blasphemy of God.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">12. Westminster Confession of Faith, 3.1, reproduced in Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Intervarsity Press and Zondervan Publishing House, 1994) at 1179-1196.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">13. The Westminster Confession 5:4 says: “The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom, and infinite goodness of God, so far manifest themselves in his providence, that it extendeth even to the first fall, and all other sins of angels and men; and that not by a bare permission, but such as hath joined with its a most wise and powerful bounding, and otherwise ordering and governing them, in a manifold dispensation to his most holy ends; yet so, as the sinfulness thereof proceedeth only from the creatures, and not from God, who, being most holy and righteous, neither is nor can be the author or approver of sin.”</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">14. “The Constitution of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (1833)” [book review], Brownson’s Quarterly Review (Benjamin H. Greene, 1847) at 538, 548.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">15. Richard Watson, John McClintock, Theological Institutes: Or, A View of the Evidences, Doctrines, Morals, and Institutions of Christianity (J. Emory and E.Waugh for the Methodist Episcopal church, 1831) at 353.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">16. Thomas Jefferson, letter to John Adams, from Monticello, April 11, 1823, printed in Lester J. Cappon, ed., The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence (Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1987) at 591-594.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">17. Dr. Roger Olson, “Calvinist view of bridge collapse distorts God’s character Aug. 28, 2007,” printed at <a href="https://www.baylor.edu/lariatarchives/news.php?action=story&story=46486">http://www.baylor.edu/lariat/news.php?action=story&story=46486 </a>(accessed 5/28/2008).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">18. http://www.pfrs.org/calvinism/calvin09.html (accessed 6/1/2008).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">19. Melancthon, Corpus Doctrinae Christianae (1560) quoted in Martin John Spalding, The History of the Protestant Reformation (John Murphy & Co., 1870) at 468. For background on Corpus Doctrinae Christianae, see Erwin Fahlbusch, The Encyclopedia of Christianity (Eerdman’s, 1999) at 691. Luther and Melancthon early on had endorsed the doctrine of the bondage of the human will. Melancthon in 1525 taught “Divine predestination takes away human liberty.” However, that changed radically later for both Luther and Melancthon. “On free will [Luther] had a sharp contest with Erasmus, but afterward kept almost silent on these perplexing questions, and, in the latter part of his life, strongly recommended Melancthon’s works, which taught a different doctrine. The Lutheran Church, receiving their impress from him, hold only a predestination based upon foreknowledge; in this, strictly agreeing with the Arminian view.” (Randolph Sinks Foster, Objections to Calvinism as it is (Swormstedt & Poe for the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1854) at 7.)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">20. Randolph Sinks Foster, Objections to Calvinism as it is (Swormstedt & Poe for the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1854) at 7.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">21. Richard Watson, A Biblical and Theological Dictionary (Carlton & Porter, 1856) at 605.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">22. See Schaff, Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. § 48. The Saxon Visitation Articles, (1592) at 345, reprinted at <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.viii.ix.html">http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.viii.ix.html</a> (accessed 2/24/2008). One of the key of four articles enforced in Lutheran lands was a negation of once in grace always in grace: “The fourth [article] teaches the universal atonement, and the vocation of all men to salvation, with the possibility of a total and final fall from grace.” Id. As Schaff notes of these Lutheran articles, they are “strongly anti-Calvinistic.” Id. Incidentally, in this period, the Lutherans allegedly committed their own killing of a Servetus-like figure -- Chancellor Crell. After ten years’ imprisonment, he was executed (1601), Schaff says “ostensibly for political offenses, but really for [Calvinist] opinions....” Id.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">23. Debora K. Shuger, Censorship And Cultural Sensibility (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006) at 21.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">24. K. Trübner, Bibliotheca Wiffeniana: Spanish Reformers of Two Centuries (1883) at 181.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">25. Conrad Schlüsselburg, Theologiae Calvinistarum libri tres (1592) fol. 48, quoted in Martin John Spalding, The History of the Protestant Reformation (John Murphy & Co., 1870) at 468.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">26. Schaff in 1843 “was called to become professor of church history and Biblical literature in the German Reformed Theological Seminary of Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, then the only seminary of that church in America.” (“Schaff, Philip,” Wikipedia.)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">27. Schaff, Creeds of Christendom (6th edition) reprinted at <a href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.viii.ix.html">http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.viii.ix.html</a>, citing Kurtzer Bericht von der Calvinisten Gott und ihrer Religion, Frkf. 1597; Die erst Victoria, Triumph und Freudenjubel über des Calvin Geistes Niederlag, 1600; Calvinischer Vitzliputzli, etc, and Frank, Vol. I. at 280.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">28. <a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/Calvin%20doctrine%20on%20God%20predestining%20all%20evil.htm#36516">See Calvin, Concerning the Eternal Predestination of God (London: James Clarke and Co., 1961) at 124. In the same context, Calvin tries to draw possible conceptions of how God’s will could coexist with our evil will. Calvin says God is the “ultimate remote cause” of sin, and we are the proximate cause. Id., at 181. Yet, that does not wash with Calvin’s teaching that man has no free-will. How can an involuntary being whose every thought is enslaved to God, and who utterly lacks free-will, in any sense be a cause of anything?</a> and accompanying quote.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">29. Paul in Romans 11:7-8 ASV says: “What then? that which Israel seeketh for, that he obtained not; but the election obtained it, and the rest were hardened: (8) according as it is written, God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear, unto this very day.” However, Isaiah 29:10 which Paul is quoting merely says God put a sleep upon prophets. Paul applies this to say unbelief, not merely sleep, is caused. Hence it is either a new inspired application, if Paul is a prophet, or it is a misapplication by a misreading by Paul.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">30. Other translations often have an ambiguous meaning. Romans 11:32 (ASV) reads: “For God hath shut up all unto disobedience, that he might have mercy upon all.” The Greek word for shut up is sunekleise. Barnes says it “is properly used in reference to those who are shut up in prison, or to those in a city who are shut up by a besieging army....”</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">31. Calvinists who insist God authors evil, citing 1 Kings 22:20-23, use Romans 11:32 to mock the notion of free-will: “Reader, if you believe in the free will of man, please investigate the ninth chapter of Romans in any version you please, come back, then tell me if you still believe in it. If you still do, then read Romans 11:32.” <a href="http://mandygetsserious.blogspot.com/2006/06/this-is-here-for-my-sake-not-yours.html">http://mandygetsserious.blogspot.com/2006/06/this-is-here-for-my-sake-not-yours.html</a> (2/24/2008).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">32. Clarke’s explanation appears to say that it is not a forcible closure but rather is a place closed due to a voluntary refusal to believe. He says “shut or locked up, under the jailer, unbelief; and there both continued in the same state, awaiting the execution of their sentence: but God, in his own compassion, moved by no merit in either party, caused a general pardon by the Gospel to be proclaimed to all. The Jews have refused to receive this pardon on the terms which God has proposed it, and therefore continue locked up under unbelief.”</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">33. This is the traditional solution of the early church, evident in Second Peter and many other early writings. Second Peter warned us about ambiguities and difficulty in interpreting brother Paul’s writings. Second Peter 3:15-16 ASV says: “And account that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation; even as our beloved brother Paul also, according to the wisdom given to him, wrote unto you; (16) as also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things; wherein are some things hard to be understood, which the ignorant and unstedfast wrest, as they do also the other scriptures, unto their own destruction.”</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">34. Calvin’s doctrine says God wills some to be lost when the Bible instead teaches that God’s will/desire is that all should be saved. See Ezekiel 33:11 ASV: “Say unto them, As I live, saith the Lord Jehovah, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel?” See also, 2 Peter 3:9 (“God does not will that any should perish but that all come to repentance.”)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">35. <a href="file:///E:/doug/Dropbox/Writings%20in%20Process/Servetus%20Revised%20Draft%20-%20Archives%20old%20stuff/Drafts/Ch%2033/ch%2033%20dcim.htm#27087"></a>et seq.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">36. The most abhorrent conclusion is deduced by Calvin from 1 Kings 22:20-23. Calvin claims it is an inspired message that God puts a lying spirit in some prophets to lie. Calvin says God wanted Ahab deceived, and Satan is sent by God “with a definite command [from God] to be a lying spirit in the mouth of all the prophets” (Calvin’s words). Calvin has no problem saying God commanded a lie. While Calvin is textually correct, his assumption that this message is itself inspired is wrong.</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">The 1 Kings account says a spirit came to the Lord and said he would entice Ahab to attack Ramoth Gilead foolishly. “I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of these prophets of yours.” God’s reply, according to Micaiah--an alleged true prophet according to Calvin, was “Go and do it.” (1 Kings 22:22.) Michaiah, the so-called true prophet in this story says--“Now therefore, behold, the LORD hath put a lying spirit in the mouth of all these thy prophets....” (1 Kings 22:23, KJV.) Are we forced to accept this verse proves ‘God can command a lie,’ as Calvin contends? No. In fairness, we will agree the translation is correct. Keil & Delitzh are reputable scholars, and they side with Calvin, saying this verse proves God “does work evil, but without willing it...” (A contradiction in terms!) They say this verse proves that God does not merely “express...permission” of evil, but insists that God “works evil,” just as Calvin said. How shocking!</p>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">There is a better solution that works. It is Michaiah who is the false prophet. God tells us that He tests us by allowing prophets to come who have true signs and wonders “that come to pass” but the prophet is actually a false prophet. (Deut. 13:3.) God permits them to test us whether we love God with our whole heart and soul. God commands us to test even a true prophet to see whether they seek to “seduce” us from following the Law. (Deut. 13:1-5.) For example, Balaam was a true prophet of the Star of Bethlehem. Balaam later became false by negating a principle in the Law. (Nu. 22; Rev. 22:14.) Did Micaiah have a teaching, like Balaam, that would seduce us from following the Law? Yes! The Law says “God is not a man, that He should lie.” (Nu 23:19). Hence, Michaiah was a false prophet even though what he previously prophesied about “had come to pass.” (Deut. 13:3.) A true prophet turns false once they teach anything contrary to the Law given Moses. (Deut. 13:1-5.) Nothing is more contrary to God’s word than to say God sends a lying spirit in lying prophets. To accept that as part of God’s nature is to unravel all Scripture. Calvin’s error was ever thinking a prophet was valid if he ascribed immoral evil, even lying, to God. God tests us by permitting lying prophets.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<p style="text-indent: -12.0002pt; margin-top: 3pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">37. If Job says he must accept the good from God as well as the “evil,” the statement does not affirm God causes evil. The narrator tells us that God merely permitted Satan to afflict Job. God did not order Satan to afflict Job. And Job is not a prophet anyway. When Joseph in Genesis tells us that what his brothers intended for evil “God intended for good,” this does not expressly tell us God made the brothers do the evil. God could have merely permitted their actions with the simultaneous intention of bringing good from it. Also, Joseph is never described as a prophet in Genesis. The other passages upon which Calvin relied create support for Calvin’s view by translating mishaps and destruction as “evil.” This is hyperbole because it is not actually a moral evil that God ‘creates’ but a circumstance of unwelcome natural disaster, etc., in those passages. We also know this doctrine is wrong because it necessarily creates a moral hole in any human who thinks like this. That should be enough to tell any Christian it is a false doctrine, and that we must find a different solution to these particular passages Calvin cites rather than taking them literally. Or we need to test whether the speaker quoted was described ever as an inspired prophet.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 19396529<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul, Faith Alone, Dispensationalism, Ebionites, Commands of Jesus, Original Gospel of Matthew, Hebrew Matthew" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Did Calvin Murder Servetus Background" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="18ptTR" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus' Words as Primary Focus for Christians" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Background Material - Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >"Second century Christians...continued to recognize that the teachings of Jesus--not Paul--were the central tenets of Christianity." (Bercot, <em>Theologians </em>(2010) at 51.)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesusorpaul.html"><span>Jesus or Paul</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/topicindex/753-bookstore.html"><span>Bookstore</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="19" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 8754" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "8754") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="https://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Background Material</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Background Material on Servetus Affair of 1553</span></h1>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">1. Founding of USA and Its Constitution</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Calvin revealed himself at Geneva, especially in the Servetus Affair, as less than an advocate of free speech and the freedom of religion. Yet, modern Calvinists claim our USA revolution was a Calvinist Revolution. Calvinists also claim the Christians who led our Revolution were Calvinists. Are these claims true? No.<br /><a href="/images/stories/Lessons/Appendix on Founding Fathers.pdf" target="_blank" title="Founding of the USA and Its Constitution"></a> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/49-founding-fathers.html">HTML Version</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">2. Was The Spirit for Religious Freedom Among Calvinists or Anti-Calvinists?</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">The first demands for freedom of religion in America were made in the 1657 Remonstrances by English citizens within the Dutch Republic. Even though article 13 of the Dutch Constitution protected the freedom of religion, the Calvinists had usurped that, and had persecuted those who resisted the Dutch Reformed Church in the Netherlands. By 1657, the Calvinists had extended this Calvinist persecution to Boston and New Amsterdaam (N.Y.) -- Dutch colonies. Thus, the 1657 Remonstrances was the first seed of religious liberty planted in America. It was specifically planted<strong><em> against Calvinist encroachment </em></strong>on the guaranteed freedom of religion in the Dutch Constitution of 1579. Thus, to say our revolution was Calvinist is absurd. We copied almost all of the Dutch Republic's institutions, but they were all formed prior to the usurpation of Calvinism in the Netherlands to take control. But to say our revolution, and its major concern over freedom of religion was spearheaded by the one denomination known for religious persecution, and which used the state to encroach on the freedom of religion in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire (all state-imposed Calvinist churches in the colonies) is exceedingly silly.<br /><a href="/images/stories/Lessons/Dutch Republic - Calvinist subversion of freedom of religion.pdf" target="_blank" title="The Danger of Calvinism to the Freedom of Religion in the Netherlands"></a><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/51-dangerofcalvinism.html" title="The Danger of Calvinism to the Freedom of Religion in the Netherlands">HTML Version</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">3. The Servetus Affair Teaches The Intent of the First Amendment</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Jefferson mentioned four times the Servetus Affair in his writings. In the First Amendment, Jefferson unquestionably desired to separate church from state in the sense violated at Geneva in 1553. One can only understand Jefferson's rationale for the First Amendment, and his words about separation, when one reads Jefferson's attacks on Calvin's behavior in the Servetus Affair. <br /><a href="/images/stories/Lessons/Origin of Our First Amendment & The Servetus Affair.pdf" target="_blank" title="The Origins of Our First Amendement & the Servetus Affair"></a><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/50-ourfirstamendment.html" title="The Origins of Our First Amendment and the Sevetus Affair">HTML Version</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">4. Books in the Public Domain on Servetus Affair</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="/images/stories/Books/Chaufpierre The_life_of_Servetus__tr__by_J__Yair.pdf" target="_blank" title="Chauffpierre, Life of Servetus 1771 (Calvin Apologist)">Chauffpierre, Life of Servetus, 1771 [Calvin Apologist]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="/images/stories/Books/Chaufpierre The_life_of_Servetus__tr__by_J__Yair.pdf" target="_blank" title="Chauffpierre, Life of Servetus 1771 (Calvin Apologist)"><br /></a><a href="/images/stories/Books/Hodges Impartial_history_of_servetus 1724.pdf" target="_blank" title="Hodges, Impartial history of Michael Servetus, 1724 (Calvin Critic)">Hodges, Impartial History of Michael Servetus, 1724 [Calvin critic]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="/images/stories/Books/Hodges Impartial_history_of_servetus 1724.pdf" target="_blank" title="Hodges, Impartial history of Michael Servetus, 1724 (Calvin Critic)"><br /></a><a href="/images/stories/Books/WrightAn_Apology_for_Dr__Michael_Servetus 1809.pdf" target="_blank" title="Wright, An Apology for Dr. Michael Servetus, 1809 (Calvin Critic)">Wright, An Apology for Dr. Michael Servetus, 1809 [Calvin critic]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="/images/stories/Books/WrightAn_Apology_for_Dr__Michael_Servetus 1809.pdf" target="_blank" title="Wright, An Apology for Dr. Michael Servetus, 1809 (Calvin Critic)"><br /></a><a href="/images/stories/Books/Servetus article The_Encyclopaedia_Britannica vol 21 1888.pdf" target="_blank" title=""Servetus," Encyclopedia Britannica, 1888 (Neutral)">"Servetus," Encyclopedia Britannica, 1888 [neutral]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><br /><a href="/images/stories/Books/Mannapology_right_of_private_judgment_pseu_servetus_v_calvin_1775_pp_1-50.pdf" target="_blank" title="Mann, Cursory Remarks . . .or an Apology for the Private Right Judgment ">Mann, Cursory Remarks...or an Apology for the Private Right Judgment...by Michael Servetus, 1775 [Calvin critic]</a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">5. Calvin's Subversion of Geneva in 1555 and Responsibility For Later Killing of Heretics</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Calvin set the precedent of killing heretics in Geneva in 1553. This was then used in 1555 to kill political opponents, and gain hegemony over Geneva. This tactic was repeated again in 1581 to subvert the young Dutch Republic which guaranteed religious liberty in its Constitution. Calvinists usurped the laws of the Netherlands, and then created a de facto state church out of the Dutch Reformed Church. They then persecuted and killed Christians who dissented from their views. They did this in the Council of Dort in 1619, and then again with the Boston Martyrs in 1659-1661. This tendency to kill anyone who was suspected of being different also led to the Salem Witch Trials, again perpetrated by Calvinist Puritans trying to imitate the Geneva Republic. For a detailed analysis, see this <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/70-calvin-subversion.html" title="Calvin Subversion">webpage </a>hosted here.</span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">6. Calvin's Moral Responsibility for Catholic Slaughter of Calvinists</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Calvin bears moral responsibility for the Catholic decision to kill Calvinists in the Netherlands and in France between 1568 and 1572 while leaving the Lutherans alone. This is because Lutherans did not believe in persecuting heretics, while Calvin, due to the Servetus Affair of 1553, endorsed killing heretics in 1554 as a means of deflecting the charge of murder over killing Servetus. Calvin's failure to admit his failing led to this poor excuse. The consequent message to Catholics was that they were in danger if the French Huguenots or the Calvinists of the Netherlands rose in influence because then they were a threat to kill Catholics as heretics. The Catholics then predictably made a pre-emptive strike on the Calvinists of France in 1572 (at least 25,000 were killed) and the Netherlands in 1568 (20,000 were killed). For a detailed analysis, see this <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/68-calvin-bear-resonsibility.html" title="Calvin Bear Responsibility">webpage</a> hosted here.</span><a href="/images/stories/Lessons/Does Calvin Bear Responsibility for Later Slaughter by Catholics of Calvinists.html" target="_blank" title="Calvin's Moral Responsibility for Catholic Slaughter of Calvinists"><br /></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-size: 18pt;">7. Lord Acton's Example Of A Christian's Duty To Expose Murder On Religious Pretexts</span></h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">Lord Acton was a Catholic who 300 years after the St. Batholomew's Massacre felt compelled to expose the Pope and his cardinals' responsibility for the murder of 25,000 to 100,000 French Huguenots. Lord Acton believed that because the Catholic Church claimed it was upolding true doctrine, it was important to remember it committed mass murder. It needed to repent. Lord Acton is an excellent example that Calvinists should imitate with respect to Calvin's role in killing Servetus. No matter how much time has gone by, it is imperative that those who claim to be the heirs of someone who turns out to be a murderer need to confess the crime, and seek repentance from all those following the criminal's doctrines and who honor his memory. For extensive analysis on Lord' Acton's exposure, see this <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/69-lord-acton-example.html" title="Lord Acton Example">webpage</a> hosted here.</span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<p><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;">8. Did Calvin Say He Exterminated Calvin</span>. </span></strong></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 18pt;">For discussion, see this <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/767-did-calvin-admit-he-exterminated-servetus.html">link</a>.</span></p>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 19411042<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/137-glasites.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Glasites" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="DJD" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Glasites</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Much contemporary preaching proceeds as if all that counts is selected sections or verses of the apostle Paul and the cross of Jesus. (Minister Anthony Buzzard, 1998)</span></p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="19" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 8674" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "8674") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Background Material</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h2>Glasite Conception Is Close To My Lesson</h2>
|
||||
<p class="p3">John Glas (1695-1773) was a Scottish clergyman/Presbyterian who came to realize pastors and church officers were contrary to the NT with the exception of neutral overseers (bishop). Nor was there to be any suspension from the Lord's Supper. This came to be known as the Glasite system.</p>
|
||||
<p class="p3">Unfortunately, while it began well in 1725-1730, and relied only upon Jesus's words initially, it eventually tried to meld Glas's original conceptions with Paul's doctrines. As a result, the church became unbearably subject to a panel of pastors and a requirement of unanimity of all members. See below "<strong>Degradation and Collapse of Glasites Due to Incorporating Pauline Doctrine."</strong></p>
|
||||
<p class="p3">So let's just focus up to the point in time when Glas emphasized solely Jesus' words, and see what truths he extracted.</p>
|
||||
<p class="p3">First, Glas rejected the use of a national hierarchical church system. In their place, each church was supposed to be independent. Glas said the NT gives no concept or examples of para-church organizations beyond the local level.</p>
|
||||
<p class="p3">In response, the Presbyterian party in England actually argued against John Glas by asserting the term "brethren" was a superior class over the ordinary churchgoer. And thus supposedly hierarchy was implicit in the early church in Jesus' statement that we are all "brethren," and none can excercise leadership authority but Christ over the other. Jesus was supposedly talking about an elite class in the church known as the "brethren." Glas showed this was never the usage of the term "brethren" in the NT. See <em>Works of John Glas </em>at<em> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA244">244</a>-46, <em>e.g.</em>, </em>Matt. 28 "if your brother trespass...")</p>
|
||||
<em>
|
||||
<p class="p3"><span style="font-style: normal;">How did Glas come to this realization about the error in the modern structure of the church? It came about when Glas in 1725 was preaching on "<strong><em>How Would Christ Execute The Office of the King?</em></strong>" His preparation led him to begin questioning the common church structure of England. Thus, in 1725, Glas wrote a letter to Francis Archibald, minister of Guthrie, Forfarshire, in which he repudiated the obligation of national covenants to a church hierarchy.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="p3"><span style="font-style: normal;">In Wikipedia's article on </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glas"><span style="font-style: normal;">Glas</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">, it summarizes his views on the correct structure of the church:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="p3" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">In the same year [sic: </span><a href="http://www.robinkent.com/356.html"><span style="font-style: normal;">1730</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">] he formed [at Edinburgh] a society separate from the multitude, numbering nearly a hundred, and drawn from his own and neighbouring parishes. The members of this ecclesiola in ecclesia pledged themselves to join together in the Christian profession,<strong><em> to follow Christ the Lord as the righteousness of his people</em></strong>, to walk together in brotherly love, and in the duties of it, in subjection to Glas as their</span><span><strong> overseer</strong></span><span style="font-style: normal;"> in the Lord, to observe the Lord's Supper once a month and to submit themselves to the Lord's law for removing offences. From the scriptural doctrine of the essentially spiritual nature of the kingdom of Christ, Glas in his public teaching drew the conclusions that:</span></p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><span style="font-style: normal;">there is no warrant in the New Testament for a national church</span></li>
|
||||
<li><span style="font-style: normal;">the magistrate as such has no function in the church</span></li>
|
||||
<li><span style="font-style: normal;">National Covenants are without scriptural grounds</span></li>
|
||||
<li><span style="font-style: normal;">the true Reformation cannot be carried out by political and secular weapons but by the word and spirit of Christ only.</span></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">In Glas's writings, we learn his scorn for a "<strong><em>single pastor</em></strong>" preaching "at a <strong><em>single</em></strong> time." (See, e.g., </span><span>Works of Glas</span><span style="font-style: normal;">, at </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA236"><span style="font-style: normal;">236</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">However, Glasite churches were viewed as undermining the social fabric for there was no one to control the activities inside the church. The article "</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasite"><span style="font-style: normal;">Glasite</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">" in Wikipedia records what happened in Danbury, Connecticut when the community understood what the Glasite church run by Glas's son-in-law, Robert Sandeman, truly represented:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Colonial resistance to Sandemanianism initially stemmed from the </span><strong><span style="font-style: normal;">absence of ministerial authority</span></strong><span style="font-style: normal;"> within their congregations. This </span><strong><span style="font-style: normal;">lack of a central authority</span></strong><span style="font-style: normal;"> challenged the existing social fabric throughout New England which relied upon the state to enforce church orthodoxy.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Glas himself pointed out that in Acts, when a missionary visited and preached, the missionary did not leave behind a single officer called the "pastor." (</span><span>Works of Glas</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> at</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA244"><span style="font-style: normal;"> 244</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">, citing Acts 14.) Glas regarded the true church system was "congregational" as opposed to "presbyterian." (</span><span>Works of Glas</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> at </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA244"><span style="font-style: normal;">244</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.) Everyone at church had an <strong><em>equal right to speak</em></strong>:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">At Glasite services, <strong><em>any member who "possesses the gift of edifying the brethren", was allowed to speak</em></strong>. The practice of washing one another's feet was at one time observed; and it was for a long time customary for each brother and sister to receive new members, on admission, with a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_kiss" title="Holy kiss"><span style="font-style: normal;">holy kiss</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">. ("</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasite"><span style="font-style: normal;">Glasite</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">," Wikipedia.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">What Glas evidently intended was that everyone in the congregation simultaneously had the equal right to speak up with a teaching or word from Scripture. It was a congregational structure versus presbyterian where only the elders/pastors could preach and teach. It appears that only later did Glasites employ a panel of pastors. Yet, still in keeping with the original doctrine, these pastors had </span><span><strong>no special qualifications</strong></span><span style="font-style: normal;">. At all times in the Glasite system, </span><strong><span style="font-style: normal;">no single church member was above another and none could serve as a single pastor. </span></strong></p>
|
||||
<p><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;">It also followed that anyone, even a layperson untrained in a seminary, was competent to speak with the spirit and teach. For example, Jamieson organized the Scotch Baptists on Glasite principles, and taught likewise that<strong><em> laypersons could teach/preach in church</em></strong>. (See </span>British History<a href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43362"><span style="font-style: normal;"> fn. 34</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.)</span></span></strong></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">The impact of such an open system of teaching and preaching led to what others criticized as "enthusiasm." Evidently, when all believers worshipped as equals, this led to what others condemned as enthusiasm. Glas rejected such criticism, and said this was "true Christianity," as it reflected "praying in the spirit." (<em>Works of Glas</em> at</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA3"><span style="font-style: normal;"> 3</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">To the criticism that this allowed the activity of false spirits to participate, Glas said that valid cautiousness should never deny a "true spirit" too could be present. <em>Id.</em> Glas said the real motivation to affix this stigma is there "does not seem to be any humor for anything like spirituality." <em>Id.</em>, at 3-4. Rather than reject all spirits, Glas quotes Apostle John who told us to "<strong><em>try the spirits</em></strong>" to see whether they are from God. <em>Id.</em>, at 4. The Spirit that "glorifies Christ," and does not deny "the father and the son," and does not speak of himself, and does not deny Jesus "came in the flesh" is a Spirit we should never hinder. <em>Id.</em>, at 4.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Glas also regarded the concept of a national church as contra-indicated by the NT reference to churches in various cities. Never was there a reference to the "Church of Israel," etc. (<em>Works of Glas</em> at </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA239"><span style="font-style: normal;">239</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;"> and </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA240"><span style="font-style: normal;"> 240</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Using Scripture, Glas refuted that it was proper to bring religious disputes before magistrates of the state. (<em>Works of Glas</em> at </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA5"><span style="font-style: normal;">5.</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">) Thus, Glas sought to disentangle the church from the state.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Glas also refuted any authority by a church government to suspend the<strong><em> right to take the Lord's Supper.</em></strong> (<em>Works of Glas</em> at </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA372"><span style="font-style: normal;">372</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.) Paul only told members to "examine themselves" whether they are worthy; Paul did not invest any pastor or elder with the job of excluding one from the Lord's Table. (<em>Id.</em>, at 373.) Glas challenges his critics if they believe otherwise: "Give such scripture for the suspension from the Lord's supper, and I'll embrace it." <em>Id.</em>, at 372. A man far ahead of his time.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Glas defended his teachings were solely based on the words of Jesus. Yet, he was condemned throughout England. Glas says he was now "</span><span><strong>debarred from access</strong></span><span style="font-style: normal;"> I once had to preach the gospel of the kingdom of Christ." (<em>Works of Glas</em> at </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA2"><span style="font-style: normal;">2</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.) To this reprisal, Glas responded in 1729:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">The true cause of my sufferings is the open confession of the testimony of Jesus Christ. (<em>Works of Glas</em> at </span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qGgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22works%20of%20john%20locke%22%201828&pg=PA2"><span style="font-style: normal;">2</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Glas explained his discoveries in Christ's word were "</span><strong>never designed to please any faction or party of this world</strong><span style="font-style: normal;">." (<em>Id</em>., at 3.) His goal was to please Christ. Now barred from preaching in any national church, Glas explained that his only option now was to use the press, which thanks to God is "yet free." (<em>Id</em>., at 3.) (Amen!)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">The physical layout of the Edinburgh church of the Glasites reveals some of its doctrine. The church took communion upstairs from the main meeting hall in what was called a "love feast." See this </span><a href="http://www.robinkent.com/356.html"><span style="font-style: normal;">link</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;"> from the Royal Architecture Conservation. Obviously, the seating at a table created a sense of equality, not differentiation. The photo of the pulpit makes it obvious it was not a traditional pulpit, or that the meeting place required focus on one person. As the Royal Society describes it: there was "a main meeting with a prominent central pulpit for preaching-centred meetings." </span><a href="http://www.robinkent.com/356.html"><span style="font-style: normal;">Id.</span></a></p>
|
||||
<h3><span style="font-style: normal;">Degradation and Collapse of Glasites Due To Use Of Pauline Passages</span></h3>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">The Glasite movement began in 1730 and Glas died in 1773. But his son-in-law Robert Sandeman took the movement into England and America, where the members were called "Sandemanians." ("</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasite"><span style="font-style: normal;">Glasite</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">," Wikipedia.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">At some point, the Glasites felt the urge to conform to Paul's doctrines on pastors, preachers, etc., and excluding heretics "after two warnings." Thereby, the simple doctrine of Glas to rely upon Jesus's teachings was lost and the system turned unbearable. Instead of the tyranny of the one as in most churches, it became the tyranny of the many. The "</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasite"><span style="font-style: normal;">Glasite</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">" article in Wikipedia explains:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">In their practice the Glasite churches aimed at a strict conformity with the primitive type of Christianity as understood by them. Each congregation had a</span><strong><span style="font-style: normal;"> plurality of elders, pastors, or bishops</span></strong><span style="font-style: normal;">, who were chosen according to what were believed to be</span><strong><span style="font-style: normal;"> the instructions of Paul</span></strong><span style="font-style: normal;">, without regard to previous education or present occupation, and who enjoy</span><strong><span style="font-style: normal;"> a perfect equality in office</span></strong><span style="font-style: normal;">.[6] To have been married a second time disqualified for ordination, or for continued tenure of the office of bishop.</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">In all the action of the church </span><strong><span style="font-style: normal;">unanimity</span></strong><span style="font-style: normal;"> was considered to be necessary; if any member differed in opinion from the rest, he must either</span><strong><span style="font-style: normal;"> surrender his judgement to that of the church, or be shut out from its communion</span></strong><span style="font-style: normal;">.[7] To join in prayer with anyone not a member of the denomination was regarded as unlawful, and even to eat or drink with one who had been excommunicated was held to be wrong.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">For excluding and then excommunicating members, the Glasites relied upon Paul: "Exclusion, following I Corinthians, was the first of</span><span> two steps to excommunication</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> from which there was no return." ("Glasite," </span><span>Wikipedia</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> Fn. </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasite#cite_note-36"><span style="font-style: normal;">#7</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.)</span></p>
|
||||
<h1><span style="font-style: normal;">Glas's Theology</span></h1>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Glas's views on theology are not well-known. It is known his son-in-law Sandeman was an extreme faith alone adherent. Glas's own views seem to be deliberately in the background, perhaps to try not to be too controlling. One doctrinal foray proves he did not like certain predestination doctrines:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Hervey's doctrine of "imputed righteousness" called for select individuals as being predestined and having a special relationship with God. Glas viewed this position as being self-serving and devoid of Biblical support. See page 24 of Cantor (1991) [</span><span>Wikipedia</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasite#cite_note-36"><span style="font-style: normal;"> #36</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.]</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">The Glasite church view of charity was a high priority:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">"[They] consider it to be their duty to abstain from blood, and from things strangled, considering the decree of the first council of Jerusalem to be still obligatory upon all Christians… They regard it as unlawful literally to lay up treasures on earth, and each member considers his property liable to be called for at any time to meet the wants of the poor and the necessities of the church." (Wikipedia Fn. </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasite#cite_note-36"><span style="font-style: normal;">#9</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">It appears they rejected baptism of babies:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong><span>[They] emphasizing immersion of adult believers</span><span style="font-style: normal;">. (</span></strong><strong><a href="http://www.klangchurchofchrist.org/html/beliefs.html"><span style="font-style: normal;">Klang Church of Christ</span></a></strong><strong><span style="font-style: normal;">)</span></strong></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">It is unclear what Glas's position was on the law. But it seems he was likely opposed to antinomianism, </span><span>i.e</span><span style="font-style: normal;">., the idea that the Mosaic Law was abrogated. This is based on the fact that Jamieson, who led the Scotch Baptists -- which followed the Glasite system, held this view against antinomianism:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">About ten years ago, a Mr. George Jamieson opened a place of worship in the Bigg Market, for a party of Scotch Baptists, whose ministers are laymen, who refrain from eating blood, observe the kiss of charity, and, like the Glassites, avow <strong><em>a complete equality among the brethren</em></strong>. Mr. Jamieson published two pamphlets, in 1817, against </span><span>Antinomianism</span><span style="font-style: normal;">, which were answered by Mr. Briggs, in a pamphlet entitled "More Work for George Jamieson." (See Eneas Mackenzie, </span><span>Historical Account of Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Including the Borough of Gates Head</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> (1827) </span><a href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43362"><span style="font-style: normal;"> fn. 34</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.)</span></p>
|
||||
<h1></h1>
|
||||
<h1><span style="font-style: normal;">A Broader Movement</span></h1>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">The very nature of the Glasites was to inspire, not control. Thus, the Glasite's ideas spread by imitators and disciples setting up similar independent congregations. In the 1800s a nonsectarian movement arose that tried to restore primitive Christianity in a series of church settings similar to the original Glasite system. This included the early Scotch Independents, which would by description include the Glasites. There were the Scotch Baptists who were of like mind. There were the Plymouth Brethren of England, etc. For an article on this movement of the spirit, see this </span><a href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120069881/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0"><span style="font-style: normal;">link</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></p>
|
||||
<h1><span style="font-style: normal;">Impact on American Politics</span></h1>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">In colonial Massachusetts, the church entirely belonged to the state of Massachusetts. Each citizen was mandated to pay taxes to support the church even if they did not believe in Christianity or wish to attend. In opposition arose Glasite ideals. In 1772, frustration at abridgment of freedom of religion boiled over in the words of Rev. John Wise. Wise had been a former pastor of the Glasite church in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Now in 1772, he declaimed against the rule of state over church, and instead emphasized the </span><strong><span style="font-style: normal;">equality of all brethren</span></strong><span style="font-style: normal;">. He claimed this meant:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">"</span><strong><span>Democracy is Christ's government</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></strong><span style="font-style: normal;">in Church and State." ("</span><a href="http://www.fullbooks.com/The-Development-of-Religious-Liberty-in4.html"><span style="font-style: normal;">Development of Religious Liberty</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">")</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">In light of this pamphlet, joined by similar ones, in May 1777, the taxes in support of the state church were abridged if one could prove they attended some other church. The summary of this development is as follows:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Yet in May, 1777, such toleration was broadened by the "Act for exempting those Persons in this State, commonly styled Separates from Taxes for the Support of the established Ministry and building and repairing Meeting Houses," on condition that they should annually lodge with the clerk of the Established Society, wherein they lived, a certificate, vouching for their attendance upon and support of their own form of worship. Said certificate was to be signed by the minister, elder, or deacon of the church which "they ordinarily did attend." ("</span><a href="http://www.fullbooks.com/The-Development-of-Religious-Liberty-in4.html"><span style="font-style: normal;">Development of Religious Liberty</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">")</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Yet, in this change of politics was the underlying ideal that Christ did not intend there to be a superior class over an inferior class. We were all brethren. The administration of our affairs were by neutral overseers who imposed no individual/personal will on us. They served the will and direction of the people within the church who were, with testing, led by the Spirit of God. This led eventually to the republican ideal that elected officials were agents of the people in whom such equal and joint right to rule resided at all times.</span></p>
|
||||
<h1><span style="font-style: normal;">Influence: Pastor-Free Churches</span></h1>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">A series of Churches arose which only went by the name of "Christian," and adopted much of the creed of the Glasites. Some within the modern Church of Christ claim their church arose from these non-sectarian independent evangelical churches -- where the key modern root is the Glasite system. For example, the Klang Church of Christ records this history which they contend proves the church where Christ is the sole pastor has always subsisted in the midst of traditional churches. After finding the Glasite link, here is the history that they tell about the American experience in this admirable direction -- this text being taken from this</span><a href="http://www.klangchurchofchrist.org/html/beliefs.html"><span style="font-style: normal;"> link</span></a><span style="font-style: normal;">:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">In North Carolina, America, in 1790, Presbyterian James McGready began preaching congregations should be independent and should have <strong><em>only the Bible as its creed</em></strong>. In 1793 in North Carolina and Virginia, Methodist James O'Kelly tried in vain to convince his episcopate that congregations should be independent, and the New Testament their only creed, so his congregation became independent. At first known as Republican Methodists, they later resolved to be known as Christians only with <strong><em>no head but Christ and no creed but the Bible</em></strong>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">19th century: Not knowing about these movements, in Vermont Baptist Abner Jones pleaded that <strong><em>sectarian names and creeds be abolished</em></strong>. His congregation became independent in 1800. In 1803 a similar group of the church of Christ formed in New Hampshire.</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">About the same time, not knowing about the others, Baptist Elias Smith of New Hampshire influenced his congregation to become independent. The church spread all over New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Canada. They, too, <strong><em>went only by the name Christian</em></strong>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Not knowing about them, down in Kentucky Presbyterian Barton W. Stone, who had earlier been a Methodist and a Baptist, preached the same thing to over 20,000 people in a camp meeting. Presbyterians McNamar, Thompson, Dunlavy, Marshall and David Purviance in Kentucky declared their congregations independent of any denomination. Some people called them the "Christian Connection."</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">In 1808 Presbyterian Thomas Campbell arrived in Pennsylvania preaching that <strong><em>denominational creeds should be discarded in order to bring people of all (Christian) faiths together</em></strong>. Later his son Alexander preached the same thing.</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">By 1860 it was estimated that there were some half million people in North America declaring themselves to be Christians only, with no creed but the Bible, and <strong><em>no head but Christ</em></strong>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">20th century: By the mid-20th century, there were estimated to be around 3,000,000 Christians only. However, an accurate count is impossible because churches of Christ as set up by Christ and his apostles do not have a world headquarters, their only headquarters being in heaven.</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Missionaries have found the church of Christ among people in India, Africa and other places of the world. They had copies of the scriptures and do not know how they got them because they'd "always had them." They baptized adult believers by immersion and kept the Communion every Sunday. The Apostles of Jesus Christ went throughout the world. Perhaps that is who they got the scriptures from. Congregations do not have to know about other congregations in order to be the true church that Christ founded. All they have to know is the Bible and have a desire to follow it alone.</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">And thus we see that the church of Christ, the church that has <strong><em>only Christ as its head</em></strong> and in its name, has always existed.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Amen!</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-style: normal;"><br /></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
</em>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1221406<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/461-sarit-hadad-shema-israel.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Sarit Hadad Shema Israel" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="DJD" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Sarit Hadad Shema Israel</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><p>It is misleading to build a thelogical system on certain texts in Paul's epistles without first taking into account the Hebrew Bible and the Synoptic accounts of the Gospel as it came from the lips of Jesus. (Minister, A. Buzzard, 1998)</p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="19" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 2449" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "2449") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Background Material</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1>Sarit Hadad Shma Israel - "Hear Oh Israel"</h1>
|
||||
<p>Sarit has rendered a stirring and beautiful modern Psalm in the same spirit of David for suffering, turning to God for strength. Here is a<a href="http://youtu.be/HQlRrrReua0" style="line-height: 1.3em;"> Link</a> to one You Tube video. (I could not find it on Amazon or for download anywhere.) Here is another <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TH5TbQfV0II">Link</a> to a Spanish-translation subtitle version with Sarit herself singing dressed as an angel.</p>
|
||||
<p>You can sing along using the Hebrew transliteration below, and if you rely upon the English "Machine" Translation from Lyrics Translate at this <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html" style="line-height: 1.3em;">link</a>, which is copied below, you can appreciate the sentiments:</p>
|
||||
<h1>Shma Israel</h1>
|
||||
<div id="new_selection_block0.261652952991426" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; border: none;">
|
||||
<div id="translittab" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; height: 20px;"><a id="link0" class="activel" style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdb; font-size: 11px; line-height: 20px;">Original</a><a id="link1" style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdb; font-size: 11px; line-height: 20px;">Transliteration</a></div>
|
||||
<div id="content0" class="contenttr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Kshehalev bohe rak elokim shomea<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hake-ev ole metoh haneshama<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Adam nofel lifne shehu shokea<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Vetfilat ktana hoteh et hadmama</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma Israel elohay ata hakol yahol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Natata li et hayay natata li hakol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Beenay dima halev bohe besheket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Oo'kshe halev shotek haneshama zo-eket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Shma Israel elohay ahshav ani levad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hazek oti elokay asse shelo efhad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hake-ev gadol veen lean livroah<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Asse shehigamer ki lo notar bi koah</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Kshehalev bohe hazman omed milehet<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Adam roeh et kol hayav pitom<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />El halo noda hu lo rotse lalehet<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Le elokav kore al saf tehom</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma Israel elokay ata hakol yahol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Natata li et hayay natata li hakol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Beenay dima halev bohe besheket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Ookshe halev shotek haneshama zo-eket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Shma Israel elohay ahshav ani levad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hazek oti elohay asse shelo efhad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hake-ev gadol ve-en lean livroah<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Asse shehigamer ki lo notar bi koah</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" data-mce-mark="1"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Read more at <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #003399;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99">http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99</a></span></div>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com">http://lyricstranslate.com</a><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></span></p>
|
||||
<div id="new_selection_block0.7835194715298712" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; border: none;">
|
||||
<h2 class="title-h2" style="margin: 8px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.3em; color: #000000; height: 26px;">Shma Israel</h2>
|
||||
<div id="translittab" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; height: 20px;">When the heart cries</div>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">only God hears<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The pain rises out of the soul<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />A man falls down before he sinks down<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />With a little prayer (he) cuts the silence</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma (Hear) Israel my God,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />you're the omnipotent<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />You gave me my life,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />you gave me everything</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">In my eyes a tear,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />the heart cries quietly<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />And when the heart is quiet,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />the soul screams</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma (Hear) Israel my God,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />now I am alone<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Make me strong my God;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />make it that I won't be afraid</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">The pain is big,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />and there's no where to run away<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />End it because I can't take it anymore<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />(make the end of it because I have no more energy left within me)</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">When the heart cries,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Time stands still<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />All of a sudden, the man sees his entire life<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />He doesn't want to go to the unknown<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />He cries to his God right before a big fall</p>
|
||||
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Read more at <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #003399;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99">http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99</a></span><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com">http://lyricstranslate.com</a><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></span>
|
||||
<div id="new_selection_block0.7835194715298712" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; border: none;">
|
||||
<h2 class="title-h2" style="margin: 8px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.3em; color: #000000; height: 26px;"> </h2>
|
||||
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1221656<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/49-founding-fathers.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Founding Fathers" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Founding Fathers</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><p>"But if we must focus on Paul's letters to establish the Christian faith, then truly the servant has become greater than his Master." (Bercot<em>Theologians </em>(2010) at 40.)</p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Book Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="19" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 8147" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "8147") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Background Material</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1"><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: x-large;">Did Calvin Found America? What Were The Religious Scruples of the Founding Fathers? </span> </h1>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1">[<a href="/images/stories/Calvin_Murder_Servetus/Calvin_Background.mp3">MP3 Audio Version</a> - 18 minutes]</h1>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Introduction</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Those who believe that there is no free-will, such as Calvinists, can never claim they ever believe that there are God-given liberties that no human government can infringe. There are, however, many Calvinists who fantasize that they should be given the lion's share credit for the American Revolution which was fought on that premise. These claims are ridiculous.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In 1776, true Calvinists could not support any kind of revolt from the King of England's rule in the colonies. Calvin insisted that a Christian owed unjust rulers a duty of obedience unless the ruler sought to prevent the true worship of God. (Calvin's <em>Institutes</em> 4.20.30-1.)<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930317" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>1</sup></span></a> Because in the colonies no such prohibition was present, true Calvinists could not support any kind of revolt.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">John Zubly (1724-1781) was a Calvinist preacher and delegate from Georgia in the Continental Congress. Based upon Calvinist doctrine, he resisted any kind of independence from Britain.<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930334" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>2</sup></span></a> This call was heeded by the majority of Calvinists. Despite the presence in the Colonies of significant numbers in the Calvinist denominations (<em>e.g</em>., Puritan, Presbyterian and Congregational), they are virtually invisible among the signers of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the Constitution of 1789, and the First Congress.<span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"><a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930374" class="footnote"> </a> See charts below.</span></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Calvinist Fantasies About A Calvinist-Driven American Revolution</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Despite the statistical evidence, Loraine Boettner in his <span style="font-style: italic;" data-mce-mark="1">Calvinism in History: Calvinism in America</span><a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930352" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>4</sup></span></a> wishes to give the lion's share of responsibility for the American Revolution to Calvinists. He, in fact, says it was a "Presbyterian" revolution. However, this is a clearly exaggerated analysis. Most of the `proof' is based on loose-statements by British enemies of the young colonies. The British liked to blame Calvinists precisely because of the sour-reputation of Calvinists in England as dissenters back in England to the Crown. By asserting the American Revolutionists were Calvinists, the British authorities could besmirch our Revolution with the then bad taint of Calvinism in England and make it also appear it was a seditious extension by domestic opponents of the Crown in England.</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" data-mce-mark="1">Boettner then relies upon historians who in turn rely upon these weak second-hand claims to weave a story that is wholly unrealistic. Yet, based upon such sketchy evidence, Boettner makes the following extraordinarily baseless claim: "History is eloquent in declaring that <strong><em>American democracy was born of</em></strong> Christianity and that that Christianity was <em><strong>Calvinism</strong></em>." Then, Boettner quotes the most preposterous claim of all by Ranke, a scholar, who said: "John Calvin was the virtual founder of America."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930427" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>5</sup></span></a></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Reality: Calvinism Inspires Tyrannical Behavior</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">One of the most important lessons of the Servetus Affair, and the aftermath at Geneva, is about the origin of tyrannical behavior. Those who believe in there being no free will, whether Calvinists or materialists, will have no reason to resist making themselves tyrants. Because Calvinism denies free will exists in man at all, true Calvinists can never imagine by tyrannical behavior that they are infringing on any God-given inalienable right to freedom of conscience or thought. This is precisely because without a belief in a free-will, then how could Calvinists believe that a right to free-expression exists? How can they believe there is a right to freedom of religion on the national level when Calvinists insisted upon a state church in the colonies Massachusetts, NH, and Connecticut? (Denial of such freedom explains Calvin's behavior at Geneva. It also explains Fisher Ames' doctrine in 1804 as well, as discussed below.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">As a result, it should not surprise us to find that except for a very small number, none of the Founding Fathers of the U.S.A. were known Calvinists.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">A website eager to find Calvinists among the Founding Fathers concedes there is scant evidence of their presence:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"Despite the prevalence of Calvinism among Colonials, most Founding Fathers were apparently not identified primarily by the label `Calvinist.' Among all of the people who were signers of the Declaration of Independence, signers of the U.S. Constitution, and members of the very first U.S. Congress and Senate,<em><strong> there is only one man whose religious affiliation is identified as `Calvinist:' Fisher Ames</strong></em>."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=929974" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>6</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">We have a lot to say about Fisher Ames in a short while.<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930298" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>7</sup></span></a> We will prove that as the<strong><em> lone open Calvinist</em></strong> in the early Congress, Ames made it clear that he did not share in any of the American values that shaped the United States Constitution. In 1804, Ames advocated repealing almost every fundamental liberty of the young nation. He felt it was an experiment that had run its course. Ames believed the republic was teetering upon collapse unless immediately the government put in effect measures identical to those employed in the Geneva Republic of the direct government establishment of religion -- the Christian religion. Hardly a voice in keeping with our First Amendment!</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Statistical Studies of The Founders' Faith</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">If one examines those who signed the original Constitution, and judge among those whose religious affiliations are known,<a href="fhttp://www.bizforum.org/FFR.htm" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>8</sup></span></a> only five were Presbyterian (Calvinist) and one was Congregationalist (Calvinist in that era). There was only one Lutheran. The remaining 80% all belonged to denominations that believed in free will, and hence the sanctity of the freedom of conscience.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">If we move past the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution to the first elected congress, then the numbers improve to 48. This means 29% of the first congress belonged to Calvinist denominations.<a href="http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>9</sup></span></a> Yet, this leaves a significant 71% belonging to Christian denominations which believed in free-will.</span></p>
|
||||
<table><caption>
|
||||
<h6 class="TableTitle">Founding Fathers of Denominations Believing in Free Will</h6>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr><th>
|
||||
<p class="CellHeading">Denomination</p>
|
||||
</th><th>
|
||||
<p class="CellHeading">Number</p>
|
||||
</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Episcopalian</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">17</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Quaker</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">3</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Anglican</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">2</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Methodist</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">2</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Roman Catholic</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">1</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">Total</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<p class="CellBody">25/31 = 80%</p>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This is not intended to deprecate the many Presbyterians/Calvinists who participated in valiant efforts as soldiers and even commanders in our Revolutionary War. But this evidence proves the spiritual leadership for the revolution came from <strong><em>Christians of a different stripe</em></strong>. Rather, what is more fair to say is that the Calvinists in America who desired to free the U.S. from Britain were numerous although a minority within the Calvinist churches. They joined the American Revolution because their motives aligned at significant points with other Christians.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">For example, Calvinists in NH, Mass. and Conn. since the early 1600s had an official monopoly that only the Calvinist "Congregational" churches were legal in New Hampshire, Massachussets and Connecticut. (See<a href="http://undergod.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=69"> link</a>.) Thus, Calvinists had as much interest as anyone in states where freedom of religion reigned to prevent the Anglican church of England from becoming the official church of NH, Mass., or Connecticut. Yet, Calvinists, unlike other Christians, were enjoying their localized Genevas where religion was forced, mandatory, and rigorously enforced by the judiciary. [Fn 10 below.] See also examples of such laws at this<a href="http://undergod.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=69"> link</a>.<span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> </span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, the Calvinists of America who supported the revolution did not aspire to a freedom of religion for all citizens. They did not share the spirit which animated the overwhelming majority of Christians who were leading the American Revolution. These other Christians wanted everyone to enjoy a freedom of religion even from an `enlightened' new Geneva in America.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Consequently, the predominating Christian spirit in the Revolution came from Christians who believed in human free will. They wanted freedom from Calvinist church-and-state marriages as much as from any other kind of marriage of church-and-state.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2">Proof From Madison Contrasted to Ames</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The difference between Calvinist Christians and the type of Christian leading the American Revolution is demonstrable by comparing the views of the lone self-avowed Calvinist in the early Congress -- Fisher Ames -- to the views of James Madison. As you may know, <strong><em>Madison was the actual writer/drafter of our Constitution and Bill of Rights</em></strong>. He is sometimes called the Father of the Constitution.</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Madison's Views on Church-and-State</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">First, we will start with Madison. He became President in 1809. He was of the stripe of man who regarded the Christian religion as having been debased when it ever had been entwined with the civil arm to persecute heretics.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">In 1784, Madison wrote in his <em>Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments</em> his rationale for rejecting laws intended to establish the Christian religion over other religions. In this speech, he declaimed against the church-state bond that persecuted heretics in ages past which resulted in "spiritual tyranny":</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"During almost fifteen centuries has the legal establishment of Christianity been on trial. What have been its fruits? More or less in all places, pride and indolence in the Clergy, ignorance and servility in the laity; in both, superstition, bigotry and persecution."</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"What influence, in fact, have ecclesiastical establishments had on society? In some instances they have been seen to erect <em><strong>a spiritual tyranny on the ruins of the civil authority</strong></em>;<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930061" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>11</sup></span></a> in many instances they have been seen upholding the<em><strong> thrones of political tyranny</strong></em>; in<em><strong> no instance have they been the guardians of the liberties of the people</strong></em>. Rulers who wish to subvert the public liberty may have found an established clergy convenient auxiliaries. A just government, instituted to secure and perpetuate it, needs them not."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930064" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>12</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"Such a government will he best supported by protecting<strong><em> every citizen in the enjoyment of his religion</em></strong> with the same equal hand which protects his person and his property, -- by neither invading the equal rights of any sect, nor<em><strong> suffering any sect to invade those of another</strong></em>."</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">****</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">"Torrents of blood have spilled in the Old World in consequence of vain attempts of the secular arm to extinguish religious discord by<em><strong> prescribing all differences in religious opinion</strong></em>. Time has at length revealed the true remedy. Every relaxation of narrow and rigorous policy, wherever it has been tried, has been found to assuage the disease.<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930070" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">" <sup>13</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">The original purpose of the Founding Fathers in the First Amendment is thus clear. Among other purposes, it was to guard the state from ever engaging in a Calvinist-scheme of controlling the religion of man by persecuting heresy using the civil or prosecutorial arm of the state. It is a lesson lost on some prominent Christian voices of today like Pat Robertson.<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930075" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>14</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Instead, Madison wanted a religious liberty which was at total odds with Calvinist doctrine. It was this spirit at total odds with Calvinist doctrine which was the fundamental driving force of the Revolution. The American Revolution was thus not principally made by those who shared Calvin's values as Boettner claimed. It was made primarily by the followers of Christ who saw the crimes of Calvin and the church over centuries, and never wanted those kind of injustices to ever be repeated again on the face of this earth. They wanted religious liberty for everyone.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><span style="color: #0000ff;">Ames' Calvinist Spirit At Odds With Madison's Constitution</span></h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Fisher Ames, the lone self-professed Calvinist in Congress, in 1804 was the first member of Congress who sought to undo the civil liberties against religious establishment. He grounded this on Calvinist doctrine. This demonstrates two spirits within Christian denominations which were at odds with each other. There was the Christian spirit of men like Madison who wanted religious toleration of all. And then there was the Calvinist spirit of men like Ames who lost patience very quickly with the experiment, and suggested its repeal.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">This is set forth with subtlelty in Ames' 1804 <em>The Dangers of American Liberty</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Ames began this piece, like Calvin would, by smearing the entire nation he lived in as populated by libertines. Ames argued that the country was suffering from a "licentiousness fatal to Liberty." As a result of such decline, Ames claimed there has arisen an "hostility to our religious institutions."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930130" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>15</sup></span></a> Then Ames says the cure is to reverse the course whereby our "religious institutions" have been "abandoned by our laws." But religion, he said, is the support of all governments. What should the government do now that it can see that religion institutions are teetering? Ames said with the government taking no proactive steps, the only basis to religious institutions is mere habit. Ames says the only reason why religious institutions have not yet collapsed was due to the "tenasciousness of ...even a degenerate people" to their "habits."<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930134" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>16</sup></span></a></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, in point one, Ames is arguing in a round-a-bout manner for the state-establishment of religion, just as at Geneva. It is the only way the laws no longer abandon the cause of religion, and the force of law can restore the languishing, almost dead state of religion (as Ames saw it).</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Second, Ames will give us a further step to stop this decline. Speaking just like Calvin, Ames says we must prefer in the appointment of judges men who "profess the best moral and religious principles...." (<em>Id</em>. at 356.) In other words, legal acumen is not vital. Instead, because if point one is established (<em>i.e</em>., state support for religious institutions), now the judge himself must play a role in enforcing morals and religious values. Hence, Ames says we need judges so trained in religious principles and morals to end the "licentiousness" all about us. Thus, Ames argued, just like Calvin would, that everyone around them is a Libertine, and the only solution is to empower judges to enforce morals and religion. To this end, the church would act as watchdogs of religious and moral principles to feed fresh charges to the judges on a regular basis.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Third, the paralell to Calvin's doctrine continues as Ames takes aim at the press writers. Ames clearly expresses that such men deserve to die for the words they utter. Rather than the Press serving as a tool to fight tyrrany, Ames says the "press has been the base and venal instrument of the very men whom it ought to gibbet [<em>i.e.</em>, hang] to universal abhorrhence." (<em>Id</em>., at 357.) Ames means the press writers should be hanged for the things they say as they are co-conspirators with those degrading morals in our land. Ames would bring back Calvin's persecution of Servetus-like writers as an everyday occurence had he the chance.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Fourth and finally, Ames would adopt Calvin's view on democracy. Calvin said history proves that a combined aristocracy with democracy is the best form of government. (<em>Institutes</em> 4.8.)<a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.html.htm#pgfId=930471" class="footnote"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1"> <sup>17</sup></span></a> What would Ames say about that?</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Ames said the right to vote improperly belongs now to immoral corrupt hands who cannot fathom the information necessary to make any informed decision. "It is in vain, it is indeed childish to say, that an enlightened people will understand their own affairs." (<em>Works of Fisher Ames, supra</em>, at 364.) "How are these millions of students to have access to the means of information?" (<em>Id</em>., at 364.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Hence, Ames leaves us to imply only one solution: the right to vote should be restricted so only an informed elite can vote and elect representatives from within their own elite members, <em>i.e.</em>, an aristocracy.</span></p>
|
||||
<h1 class="BodyAfterHead"><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt; color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">Conclusion</span></strong></h1>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1">Thus, Ames, as the lone open Calvinist in the early Congress, reminds us what Calvinists truly believed back then. They shared no agenda in common with the majority on issues of free-will, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and the broad right of suffrage based on minimal qualifications. Ames shows us what the heart of the Calvinists would have been, had they been the leaders of the Revolution. They would have restored the tyrannical regime at Geneva under Calvin. In fact, it can be truly said that <em><strong>no principles of liberty in any government was more antithetical to Calvinist political values than the original United States of America and its Constitution</strong></em>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<div class="footnotes">
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">1.</span> This flows logically from Calvin's belief that God is sovereign over evil, and directs it. Thus, in Calvin's thinking, to seek to overthrow an unjust ruler is to contravene the sovereign will of God.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">2.</span> "John Joachim Zubly," <em>Wikipedia</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">3.</span> <a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.#19283" class="XRef"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">See Statistical Studies of Founders' Faith</span></a> et seq.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">4.</span> <a href="http://graceonlinelibrary.org/articles/full.asp?id=70%7C%7C868">http://graceonlinelibrary.org/articles/full.asp?id=70%7C%7C868</a> (accessed 6/8/08)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">5.</span> Quoted without citation in Egbert Watson Smith, <em>The Creed of Presbyterians</em> (Baker & Taylor Co., 1901) at 119.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">6.</span> "Famous Calvinists,"<a href="http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html"> http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html</a> (accessed 6/5/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">7.</span> <a href="file:///C:/Servetus/Appendix%20on%20Founding%20FathersHTML.#18542" class="XRef"><span style="color: #0000ff;" data-mce-mark="1">See Ames' Calvinist Spirit At Odds With Madison's Constitution</span></a>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">8.</span> http://www.bizforum.org/FFR.htm (accessed 6/8/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">9.</span><a href="http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html"> http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_calvin.html</a> (accessed 6/8/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">10.</span> "John Calvin's system was the archetype of Winthrop's. In youth, Winthrop studied carefully the works of John Calvin." John A. Taylor, <em>British Monarchy, English Church Establishment, and Civil Liberty</em> (Greenwood Publishing, 1993) at 34.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">11.</span> It seems most likely that Madison here is specifically referring to Calvin's role in the Servetus Affair.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">12.</span> William Cabell Rives, <em>History of the Life and Times of James Madison</em> (1859) at 637, top para. and bottom para. However, Calvinists persist in seeing in Madison "echoes of Calvin." But the idea of checks-and-balances because of human proclivity to evil is based on history, and not a religious doctrine of human depravity.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">13.</span> William Cabell Rives, <em>History of the Life and Times of James Madison</em> (1859) at 638.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">14.</span> While I strongly admire the spiritual work of Pat Robertson, I find it troubling he says the "separation of church and state" is a "<em><strong>lie of the left</strong></em>," and Christians must "work together .... [to win] back control of the institutions that have been taken from them over the past 70 years." (Pat Roberston, <em>Pat Robertson Perspective </em>(Fall 1991).) Since 70 years ago, there has been no official religion in the USA. I therefore doubt Pat means what this quote sounds like. But Pat is wrong factually. Our founders did understand the First Amendment to create a wall of separation. How that was originally meant and how it is often today defined has diverged, and therein lies the problem. See accompanying text above to this footnote.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">15.</span> Ames, "Fisher Ames 1758-1808: The Dangers of American Liberty," in Charles S. Hyneman, <em>American Political Writing During the Founding Era: 1760-1805</em> (1983) vol. 2; <em>Works of Fisher Ames</em> (Little Brown, 1854) at 345, 356.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Ames is an excellent writer, filled with brilliant wit. When Fisher Ames talks about the dangers of democracy, as distinct from a republican form of government, he is excellent. Yet, he saw the USA as overcome by "democratic licentiousness" (<em>id.</em>, at 348), and that some of the experiment had to be reversed.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">16.</span> <em>Works of Fisher Ames</em> (Little Brown, 1854) at 356.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span class="footnoteNumber" data-mce-mark="1">17.</span> However, Calvin said that Scripture supports that obedience should only be given "one man" to "whose will all others are subjected." (<em>Institutes</em> 4.7.)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 8897272<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/50-ourfirstamendment.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Our First Amendment" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Our First Amendment</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >"As early as the Apostle [Paul], <em>the scaling down process begins</em>, and the natural man gets off a little easier in becoming a Christian." (Kierkegaard Journals 1855)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Book Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="19" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 3559" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "3559") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Background Material</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1>The Origins of Our First Amendment & The Servetus Affair</h1>
|
||||
<h2>A. Background of the US First Amendment</h2>
|
||||
<p><span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The phrase "[A] hedge or </span><em>wall of separation</em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"> between<em><strong> the garden of the church</strong></em> and the <strong><em>wilderness of the world</em></strong>" was first used by Baptist theologian </span><a style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" title="Roger Williams (theologian)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Williams_(theologian)">Roger Williams</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">, the founder of the colony of </span><a style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" title="Rhode Island" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island">Rhode Island</a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">, in his 1644 book </span><em><a class="mw-redirect" title="The Bloody Tenent of Persecution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bloody_Tenent_of_Persecution">The Bloody Tenent of Persecution</a></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">.</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">In "The Bloody Tenent" Wikipedia, we read:</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>Using biblical reasoning, the book argues for a "wall of separation" between </span><a title="Separation of church and state" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state">church and state</a><span> and for state toleration of various Christian denominations, including Catholicism, and also "paganish, Jewish, Turkish or anti-Christian consciences and worships."</span><sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bloody_Tenent_of_Persecution#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup><span> The book takes the form of a dialogue between Truth and Peace and is a response to correspondence by Boston minister, </span><a title="John Cotton (Puritan)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cotton_(Puritan)">John Cotton</a><span>, regarding Cotton's support for state enforcement of </span><a title="Religious uniformity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_uniformity">religious uniformity</a><span> in Massachusetts. Through his interpretation of the Bible, Williams argues that </span><a title="Christianity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity">Christianity</a><span> requires the existence of a separate </span><a title="Civil authority" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_authority">civil authority</a><span> that may not generally infringe upon </span><a class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty of conscience" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_of_conscience">liberty of conscience</a><span> which Williams interpreted to be a God given right.</span><sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bloody_Tenent_of_Persecution#cite_note-books.google.com-1">[2]</a><img style="float: right;" alt="bloudy_tenent_of_persecution_for_cause_of_conscience_by_roger_williams" height="292" width="220" src="/images/stories/JWOBook/bloudy_tenent_of_persecution_for_cause_of_conscience_by_roger_williams.jpg" /></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">In 1776, Jefferson and James Madison were delegates and close friends in colonial Virginia's legislature although Jefferson was eight years Madison's senior. In 1776, Madison proposed to Virginia's Constitution:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>[A]ll men are equally entitled to the full and </span><br /><span>free exercise of [religion], according to the </span><br /><span>dictates of conscience...." (Craig Smith, <a href="http://www.csulb.edu/~crsmith/mad.html">Madison and the Constitution</a>.)</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">From this point forward "the two became fast friends upon meeting in 1776 and remained friends until Jefferson's death fifty years later on July 4, l826." (<em>Id</em>.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">In 1779, Jefferson this time took the lead in the Virginia legislature to get such a bill passed. <span> I</span><span>n 1779 Jefferson presented a bill to guarantee full religious liberty to all Virginians—not merely tax exemptions to non-Anglicans. Jefferson met with resistance from those who deemed his measure too radical. Among them was Patrick Henry, who countered by proposing a “general assessment” on all citizens to support Christianity itself as the established religion of Virginia. “What we have to do I think is devoutly to pray for his [Henry’s] death,” Jefferson joked in a letter to Madison.</span><span> (<a href="http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/sepchust.htm">National Humanities Center</a>.) The bill failed.</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Jefferson and Madison were undaunted, and continued to press the Virginia legislature to grant the right of religious liberty. Madison responded to Henry that government's role was not to promote any religion. If Virginia sponsored all Christian religions, as Henry requested, it would be dangerous to liberty, for “Who does not see that the same authority, which can establish Christianity, in exclusion of all other Religions, may establish with the same ease any particular sect of Christians, in exclusion of all other Sects?” </span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>In 1785, Thomas Jefferson wrote </span><a target="_blank" href="http://historyofideas.org/toc/modeng/public/JefVirg.html"><em>Notes on the State of Virginia</em></a><span> (1785), and said in similar fashion: “The legitimate powers of government extend to such acts only as are injurious to others. But it does me no injury for my neighbor to say that there or twenty gods or no God. It neither picks my pocket nor breaks my leg.” (C.L. Heyrman, "<a href="http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/sepchust.htm">The Separation of Church and State</a>.")</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>In 1786, the Virginia legislature finally passed </span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.vahistorical.org/sva2003/vsrf.htm">Jefferson’s bill for religious freedom</a><span>. It provided that “…no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever…<strong><em>nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief</em></strong>; but that all men shall be <strong><em>free to profess,</em></strong> and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities.” (<em>Id.</em>)</span></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">The reasoning of the two men -- Madison and Jefferson -- were so identical on this issue that when Jefferson in 1789 sent his draft provision on what became the first amendment, it read almost identical to what Madison drafted -- even though Jefferson's version came late in the mails from France during 1789. In it Jefferson insisted that "all persons shall have full and free liberty of religious opinion; nor shall any be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious institution." (</span><a style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;" href="http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/spring07/jefferson.cfm">History.org</a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Thus, by long collaboration in the Virginia Legislature on the identical terms of what became the First Amendment, it can fairly be said that <strong><em>both</em></strong> Madison and Jefferson were its drafters.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">On January 1, 1802, Jefferson explained the thinking behind the First Amendment to the Baptist Association of Danbury, Connecticut, and being the literate man Jefferson was, he alluded to Roger William's book of 1644 -- <em>The Bloody Tenent </em>which mentioned the goal of a 'wall of separation between church and state':</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;"><span>"Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man & his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should ‘make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,’ thus <strong><em>building a wall of separation between Church & State</em></strong>."</span>(</span><span>Boyd, Julian P., Charles T. Cullen, John Catanzariti, Barbara B. Oberg, et al, eds. </span><a target="_blank" rel="external" class="external text" title="http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6323" href="http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6323"><em>The Papers of Thomas Jefferson</em></a><span>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950 at </span><span>36:258. Source: <a href="http://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/jeffersons-religious-beliefs#footnote9_7nwwu3x">Monticello.org</a>.)</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>B. The Servetus Affair</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Servetus Affair helps us further understand our First Amendment. In fact, that episode with Servetus was an event mentioned many times by the first drafter of the First Amendment, Thomas Jefferson. It indubitably helps explain what he meant by the rationale for the First Amendment as creating a separation of church and state.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">What a history lesson teaches is that the modern practice of distinct boundaries -- the church having domain over conscience and the state over true crimes -- was the real objective behind the doctrine of separation of church and state as reflected in the First Amendment. (<em>Reynolds v. U.S.</em> (1879) (that metaphor "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the amendment.") Thankfully, the First Amendment has largely succeeded in its original purpose.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, because many modern jurists have forgotten the Servetus Affair, they are also slowly losing grip on the true meaning of and purpose of the First Amendment. As a result, the law is slipping backwards as the explosion of hate-crime legislation proves.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Indeed, the concept of `separation of church and state' by Jefferson in his famous letter of 1802 was <strong><em>meant to reflect the lessons learned from the Servetus Affair</em></strong>. Jefferson was very familiar with the Servetus case, having written elsewhere that modern-day Calvinists were accusing a Dr. Cooper of "Unitarianism...as if it were a crime, and one for which, like <strong><em>Servetus</em></strong>, he should be burned...." <sup>1</sup> Jefferson also bemoaned modern day Calvinists who rely upon "their oracle Calvin who consumed the poor <em><strong>Servetus</strong></em>." <sup>2</sup> Jefferson spoke again of "the fire and faggots [<em>i.e.</em>, burning logs] of Calvin and his victim <strong><em>Servetus</em></strong>." <sup>3 </sup>In another allusion to the Servetus' case, Jefferson said "the Trinitarian idea triumphed not by reason but by the word of the fanatic Athanasius, and grew in the blood of thousands and thousands of martyrs." <sup>4</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Only with that context can one deeply understand Jefferson's famous letter of 1802 (and Roger William's reference in 1644). Jefferson explains the rationale to the First Amendment was to form "<em><strong>a wall of separation between church and state</strong></em>." But this did not mean a wall at the public courthouse prohibiting entry of an emblem of the Ten Commandments. It did not mean we cannot put "in God we trust" on our coins. It did not mean our patriotic anthem cannot thank God for our blessings. These are<strong><em> childish applications</em></strong> of the literal words about `separation.' </span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Rather, the prohibition on Establishing Religion or Abridging the freedom of religion in the First Amendment had primarily to do with the countours of <strong><em>punishment or state burdens (like taxes) over conscience</em></strong>. Jefferson explained in this same letter to the Danbury Baptist Association (Jan. 1, 1802) what he meant. It matches precisely the lessons learned from the Servetus Affair:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">"All attempts to influence [religious thoughts] by <strong><em>temporal punishments or burdens</em></strong>, or by civil incapacitations, tend only to <em><strong>beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness</strong></em>, and are a departure from the plan of the Holy Author of our religion, who being both Lord of body and mind, yet chose <strong><em>not to propagate it by coercions </em></strong>on either, as was his Almighty power to do." <sup>5</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, Jefferson meant that the state had no role any longer in imposing on the liberty of conscience (<em>i.e</em>., our First Amendment, transgressed by "meanness" in the Servetus Affair). Conscience was the domain of the church or private belief. At the same time, the church had no right to inflict in matters of conscience the punishments or burdens that belonged to the state, such as deportation, confinement, taxes or death (<em>i.e.</em>, transgressed by Calvin's use of the criminal courts to punish heresy). Hence, <em><strong>the powers of the state were kept from the church</strong></em>. They were not to be used in matters of conscience which belonged to the kingdom of God. Hence, a wall. Luther's theory in the 1500s of two kingdoms was a precursor of this view.<sup>6</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">What was on his mind was the same concern when Jefferson got passed into the Virginia Constitution a bill in 1776 which ended civil punishments for not attending church.<sup>8 </sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Similar changes took place outside Virginia during 1776-1777 as the legislatures repealed taxes which had been imposed on everyone to pay for the state churches in Massachusetts and Connecticut. See our discussion of the same under the "<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/137-glasites.html">Glasite</a>" movement which influenced such new ideals.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Hence, the wall of which Jefferson spoke was <em><strong>not to separate any emblem of Law that comes from religion such as the Ten Commandments. </strong><span style="font-style: normal;">He would laugh if someone wished to take 'In God We Trust' off our coin.</span><strong> </strong></em>Rather, what was on the mind of the founders was the Servetus Affair, and the need to put<em><strong> a wall separating the church from any longer using the state's power to punish or coerce to force a religious belief or practice upon any single individual</strong></em>. If you failed to believe, or failed to attend church, or did not want to support a church body, the punishment or imposing a burden on your decision <strong><em>no longer belonged to the state</em></strong>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, reviewing the Servetus Affair helps remind us that the principle of 'separation of church and state' did not originate to remove symbols of religion on public land or buildings or coins. To think religion could be established by mere civic expressions of a generalized faith in God or appreciation for the Ten Commandments is silly. To think that prohibiting such activities was the First Amendment's intended purpose (or could ever be its intended meaning) is to lose sight of its true message that the state should not impose its terrifying penalties or painful burdens for wrong belief or failure to financially support a church. Putting up the 10 Commandments in Court imposes no penalties for looking away. Putting "in God we trust" on a bill does not reward its user for its use, or penalize anyone who does not agree with its statement.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Implication on Hate Crime Legislation</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This is why modern hate crime legislation,<sup>9 </sup>which exacerbates criminal penalties based on hateful beliefs, is so inimical to the underlying premise of the separation of church and state. The true theory behind that phrase was that matters of private <strong><em>belief</em></strong>, whether religious or otherwise, would no longer be punished with criminal penalties. Once hate crimes were legitimized in the U.S.,<sup>10</sup> and now exist in 43 states, it was no surprise that<strong><em> expressive</em></strong> gestures that do no physical harm but which `intimidate' others can now be criminalized, so says the Supreme Court. <sup>11</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The better solution is to use wholesome teaching on civic responsibilities, supported by appropriate civil damages after-the-fact and/or injunctions to correct the effects of invidious bias and socially-unacceptable ideas (<em>e.g</em>., false and misleading defamation, civil rights violations, etc.). On the other hand, it should be strongly presumed as<em><strong> wrong to use criminal penalties to change the way people think</strong></em>. Hate-crime legislation should be subjected to the heighest scrutiny, given the original goals of the First Amendment. It was originally intended to correct for the<em><strong> abuse of criminal laws over conscience</strong></em>, as the Servetus Affair was etched into the minds of those who drafted the amendment.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, whenever criminal penalties today are heightened purely on the basis of <em><strong>socially undesirable</strong></em> thoughts, that hits at the core of what the First Amendment sought to eradicate. Having lost the memory of the Servetus Affair has caused the loss of memory of what was the core purpose of the First Amendment. This memory loss has opened the door to approval of hate-crime legislation among other slips in upholding freedom of speech and religion.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Side-Note on Jefferson's Support of Government Bequests to Christian Causes</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Many claim that Jefferson's own legislative policies prove the state can fund Christian causes in the USA without violating the Establishment of Religion Clause. They cite the fact Jefferson supported the federal government giving money to build a Catholic church for an Indian tribe, and supporting Congress giving missionary money to preach the gospel to the `heathen.'<sup>7</sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, Jefferson probably regarded support of a Christian religion among non-US citizens, <em>i.e.</em>, Indians (as they were then viewed as a 'foreign nation') and "heathen" in other lands did not transgress the Establishment of Religion clause of the First Amendment. It is doubtful he would have agreed on such expenses to promote a specific church or religion among US citizens inside the USA.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">For more information, see "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution">First Amendment</a>,"<em>Wikipedia.</em></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><em>See also</em> Philip Hamburger, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=s1pzTh9oh2gC">Separation of Church and State</a> (2002)<br />--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">1. May 1820, quoted in <em>The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia</em> (1900) at 207.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">2. Edwin Scott Gaustad, <em>Sworn on the Altar of God: A Religious Biography of Thomas Jefferson</em> (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1996) at 177.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">3. Thomas Jefferson, <em>Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies: From the Papers of Thomas Jefferson</em> (F. Carr & Co., 1829) at 45-46.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">4. Charles B. Sanford, <em>The religious life of Jefferson</em> (1984) at 90.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">5. <em>Social and Political Philosophy</em> (John Sommerville & Ronald E. Santoni, eds.) (1963) at 247. The back-draft negative effect of zealous pursuit of mere heresy was that we lost the ability to prosecute the only religious crime which was ever legitimately also a public crime: blasphemy. But since we are not angels, and do not follow the Bible's requirement of two eye-witnesses, it appears we are far from ready to ever re-invigorate such a crime into modern codes.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">6. Justo L. Gonzalez, <em>The Story of Christianity </em>(Harper Collins, 1984) at 36.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">7. David E. Guinn, <em>Faith on Trial: Communities of Faith, the First Amendment, and the Theory of Deep Diversity</em> (Lexington Books, 2006) at 31.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">8. Marion Levy, Leonard W. Levy,<em> Seasoned Judgments: The American Constitution, etc</em> (Transaction Publishers, 1997) at 100.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">9. Once authorized by the Supreme Court in 1993, hate-crimes are now used in 43 states. They provide enhanced penalties if a defendant in committing the crime acted with a purpose to intimidate an individual or group of individuals because of race, color, gender, handicap, religion, sexual orientation or ethnicity. A hate crime is not a crime where the hateful motive is relevant to proving the elements of crime, contrary to how some explain these laws. So far, a hate crime is something already criminal which is<em><strong> punished more severely because the ideology (motive) behind the hate was a societally-rejected bias</strong></em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">10. In approving hate-crime legislation, the Supreme Court engaged in a euphemism to resolve its contradiction of sound jurisprudence. It first admitted correctly this principle: "But it is equally true that a defendant's <strong><em>abstract beliefs</em></strong>, however <strong><em>obnoxious to most people</em></strong>, may not be taken into consideration by a sentencing judge." <em>Wisconsin v. Mitchell</em>, 508 U.S. 476, 485 (U.S. 1993). However, then by labelling the enhancement as punishing the <strong><em>evil motive </em></strong>of selecting a victim due to an ideology (there racism), the Supreme Court said this was not punishing thought, <em>i.e.</em>, abstract beliefs. Yet, it is indeed punishing thought, albeit a more dangerous thought that may lead to crimes.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Dr. Phyllis Gerstenfeld in <em>The Hate Debate and Policy Problems</em> (Sage Publications: 2004) mentions this criticism, and says "I admit to <strong><em>still feeling ambivalent</em></strong> on this matter myself." She adds: "I remain<strong><em> firmly on the fence</em></strong>." (<em>Id.</em>, at 3, 37.) In other words, she feels queezy about adding penalties to an act that is already criminal solely because of the kind of thoughts held by the perpetrator. Perhaps the biggest problem is that such a statute, in the wrong hands, is an evil weapon, which we saw how it worked in Calvin's hands in 1553. Today, any prosecution of any crime, if a prosecutor wishes to intimidate a defendant, can turn your life upside down. The prosecutor simply starts<em><strong> interviewing all your friends and family to find out any hateful thoughts you ever expressed about a person in the category of your alleged victim.</strong></em> If it is there, the prosecution becomes a vendetta against your abstract thoughts if they can fall into the category of 'evil motive.' Hence, we have arrived at punishing abstract thoughts on the pretense we are not doing so, and are merely punishing an evil motive. These are words without any distinction.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">11. "The First Amendment permits Virginia to outlaw cross burnings done with the intent to intimidate because burning a cross is a particularly virulent form of intimidation."<em> Virginia v. Black</em>, 538 U.S. 343, 363 (U.S. 2003)(held without such limitation, it was unconstitutional).</span></p>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 8897210<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/51-dangerofcalvinism.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Danger of Calvinism" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Danger of Calvinism</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><p><span style="color: #001320; font-family: Trebuchet, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; background-color: #fdfeff;">You became weary on your many journeys, but you did not say, "I give up!" You found a renewal of your strength; therefore you did not grow weak. (Isaiah 57:10 Holman.)</span></p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Book Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="19" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 8596" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "8596") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Background Material</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1>The Danger of Calvinism To the Freedom of Religion in the Netherlands</h1>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">As an aside, the Netherlands is a lesson in how a constitutional guarantee of freedom of religion in a true democratic republic can be usurped by a militant religious party. This is more important than ever as candidates from both the Democrat and Republican parties both support `faith-based' inititives--a dangerous precedent to the freedom of religion to those `faiths' not favored by government largesse.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">After the Netherlands declaration of independence, it formed a new government known as The United Provinces of the Netherlands or the Dutch Republic. It lasted from 1581 to 1795. The Dutch Republic was a compromise system between Catholics and Protestants.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Like the USA in Almost Every Way: Our Clear Model</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Dutch Republic provided the best example of a true confederative republic to our young United States. Upon closer examination, it is obviously the source of our own Constitution in almost every detail, even on the guarantee of the freedom of religion. Early supporters of the American revolutionists came from the Dutch who had strong roots as the original founders of New Amsterdam, later known as New York. It obviously was their contribution of ideas taken from the Netherland's Constitution that helped shape the system adopted in our Constitution.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the Netherlands up to that time, each of the seven provinces were governed by its local Provincial States, and by a stadtholder (governor) who was subordinate to his respective Provincial State. Some provinces were Catholic, and others Protestant. Some were democratic and some were aristocratic, such as Holland. Each province had one vote in the senate of sovereign states also known as the States General. The States General alone could declare war or conclude peace. Their resolutions were decisive law for the Republic. It alone appointed ambassadors although the ambassadors reported to the President of the Republic (soon to be discussed). All cities formed virtual independent states. At the same time, the primary stadtholder akin to a President was elected and subject to the States General, <em>i.e.</em>, the national legislative body. He was also the captain-general and admiral-general, but he could not declare war or make peace. This president alone had the right to appoint magistrates. This confederative republic lasted just over 200 years.<sup><strong>1</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the Dutch Republic, freedom of conscience was enshrined in the 1579 Union of Utrecht, the Republic's basic constitutional document. Article 13 of the Union specifically states, "each person shall <strong><em>remain free, especially in his religion</em></strong>, and that no one shall be persecuted or investigated<strong><em> because of their religion</em></strong>."</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, the Calvinists used their influence to come to dominate the Dutch Republic and soon made Calvinism the <em>de facto</em> state religion in violation of the Netherlands Constitution.<sup><strong>2</strong></sup> Soon laws were made that outlawed Catholic, Lutheran or Anabaptist worship. In the Catholic provinces, an oath was required of public servants that they would fight the "papist religion" which had the effect of disqualifying all Catholics from public office<strong>.</strong><sup><strong>3</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">There were efforts to correct this Constitutional imbalance in favor of the Calvinist Reformed Church. This effort at enforcing the freedom-of-religion clause in the Dutch Constitution began ironically in what later became the United States.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Calvinist Death Penalties At Boston</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1656, the Quakers of Boston were threatened by death by the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony--chartered by and thus controlled by the Dutch Republic. In 1656, Endicott, the governor, threatened the Quakers <sup><strong>4</strong></sup> with the death penalty. "Take heed," he said, "ye break not our ecclesiastical laws, for then ye are sure to stretch by a halter."<sup><strong>5</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Dutch rulers in America were serious. Four Quakers were executed thereafter solely for their beliefs. These became known as the Boston martyrs. Three were English members of the Society of Friends: Marmaduke Stephenson, William Robinson and Mary Dyer. The fourth was Friend William Leddra of Barbados. Each were "condemned to death and executed by public hanging for their religious beliefs under the legislature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1659, 1660 and 1661."<sup><strong>6</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<h2>The 1657 Remonstrance</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">It is in this context that we can now understand the courage of those who in 1657 signed a petition called the Flushing Remonstrance. It sought to correct this error, asking that freedom of conscience be restored.<sup><strong>7</strong></sup> Flushing was in what is today Flushing Queens on Long Island. Many of those who signed it happened to also be Englishmen, thus revealing how their ideas later percolated in the British colonies. Also, one can see the demand for religious freedom in what later became the United States was first sought <strong><em>against Calvinist encroachment</em></strong> under the Dutch Constitution. A mild irony from our Creator to teach us how history runs in circles.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Edward Hart was the town clerk of Vlissingen (as Flushing, Long Island, was then known in Dutch) and he wrote this remarkable remonstrance. It was signed by thirty-one fellow townsmen on December 27, 1657. It was in opposition to West India Company Director-General Petrus Stuyvesant's harsh ordinance against anyone found harboring Quakers. (Baptists too had been persecuted under the same ordinance.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Remonstrance in opposition cited the Flushing patent of 1645. It had promised "the right to have and enjoy <strong><em>liberty of conscience, according to the custom and manner of Holland</em></strong>, without molestation or disturbance from any magistrates, or any other ecclesiastical minister."<sup><strong>8</strong></sup> The Remonstrance asked for enforcement of this provision, which was based upon Article 13 of the Netherlands' Utrecht Union Constitution.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Remonstrance stated that the "molestation" clause of their town charter of 1645 was granted "in the name of the States General" by West India Company resident director Willem Kieft, and could not be withdrawn by a later director. The petitioners protested "we can not condemn them [Quakers]" nor "punish, banish or persecute them."</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Stuyvesant replied with reasoning reminiscent of Calvin's own, that this freedom of religion had permitted the moral license of this "disobedient community" and thus freedom of religion was justly abridged.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">As a result, Stuyvesant charged that the town had violated the director-general's orders and New Netherland's charters, which stated "<strong><em>no other religion</em></strong> shall be publicly admitted in New Netherland except the Reformed." The term "Reformed" was short for the Dutch Reformed Church. Stuyvesant arrested Hart and Vlissingen scout Tobias Feake who delivered the remonstrance to him, and two other Vlissingen magistrates who had signed the document. Under this pressure the signatories recanted the document and admitted their "error."</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, the first effort to hold up the constitutional and foundational city-charters against later decrees failed.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Dutch Legal Scholars in the 1700s Try to Voice Constitutional Concerns</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the mid-1700s, Christian Trotz, a legal scholar and professor at Utrecht in the Netherlands in 1755, did a thorough analysis of the Netherlands Constitution. He concluded the Calvinist Reformed Church had usurped, in essence, the freedom of religion granted in Article 13. He claimed upholding one religion over another was an irrelevant objective within the framework of the Constitution of the Netherlands state.<sup><strong>9</strong></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">But in reply, Cornelis van Bynkershoek (1673-1743) argued that Article 13 did not trump `states rights'--the independence of each province to determine the public faith to perpetuate. <em>Id.</em></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, under that approach, Article 13 would thereby be gutted. It said: "each person shall remain free, especially in his religion, and that no one shall be persecuted or investigated because of their religion." Thus, in the Netherlands, no law could infringe the freedom of religion of any person, regardless of <strong><em>which state</em></strong> made the law.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Yet, Joris van Eijnatten points out that "contemporary commentators eagerly appropriated the argument" of Bynkershoek.<sup><strong>10</strong></sup><sup> </sup>Thus, because Article 13 did not explicitly prohibit laws abridging freedom of religion, each individual state could do so and somehow not violate the right of "each person" to their own religious belief.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Obviously, this reading was ignoring the implied prohibition on making any law abridging the freedom of conscience. Article 13 had come to be a dead letter. The Calvinists in each province came to control the laws, and thus defeated the right of "each person" to their own religious beliefs.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>Notice How Carefully Worded Is Our First Amendment</h2>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The First Amendment to our own Constitution tried correcting the wording of such a right. It not only enshrined the "freedom of religion" of each person, but also prescribed<em><strong> Congress</strong></em> from making any law to "abridge" the freedom of religion. The Calvinist loophole in the Netherlands' Constitution was closed by our very wise founding fathers. Of course, they preserved state rights, but most states preserved the freedom of religion, following the lead of the founders in this respect in each state. Thus, our First Amendment took away the argument of the Dutch Calvinist legal scholars who found a way to ignore the implied prohibition on making laws establishing religion in Article 13 of the Utrecht Constitution.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Yet, what the Calvinists did in the Netherlands can happen in any country that lets its laws degrade into the support of religion. The law that favors one faith or groups of faith naturally saps the energy of the others, and thus undermines those of different faiths or those of no faith. We thus should be abhorring government largess to 'faith-based' initiatives because whoever is given money and hence promoted by the state negates those faith groups who do not equally receive monies.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><br />--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">1. See Friedrich Edler, <em>The Dutch Republic and the American Revolution</em> (The Johns Hopkins Press, 1911) at 11-12 fn. 2. See also, "Dutch Republic," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">2. In 1651, a law was passed that no organized religion that had not existed when the republic was formed could be authorized to be practiced in the Netherlands. See Joris van Eijnatten, <em>Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Brill, 2002) at 257.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">3. "Dutch Republic," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">4. "The Friends believed that God's grace did not filter through the hierarchy of the religious elite, but reached each person directly. In taking this theological approach, the Quakers bypassed the authority of clergy and rulers, and recognized that the common person could be elevated to the `priesthood of all believers.' This rendered the current cultural order obsolete and formed the core ideal of the American republic that would arise more than a century later." "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at <a href="http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/">http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">5. "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at <a href="http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/">http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">6. "Boston Martyrs," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">7. See "The Flushing Remonstrance," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">8. The patent is quoted in "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at <a href="http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/">http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/</a> (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">9. See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2002) at 255.</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">10. See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2002) at 255.</span></p>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 8897220<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/68-calvin-bear-resonsibility.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Calvin, inquisition, Huguenots, Sevetus, Acton, Erasmus, anti-Catholicism" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Calvin Bear Responsibility" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="John Calvin's responsibility for Catholic Inquisition in persecution of Huguenots in St. Bartholomew Day Massacre and in Netherhands under the Duke d'Alva" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Calvin Bear Responsibility</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><div>The prophets divine lies...and strengthen the hands of the wicked, that he should not turn from his wicked way, by promising him life. (Ezekiel 13:8-23)</div></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Book Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="19" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 9962" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "9962") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Background Material</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h2>Does Calvin Bear Any Responsibility for Later Slaughters by Catholics of Calvinists?</h2>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1"><strong>Calvin Was Begged To Repent in 1554 To Save Lives</strong></h1>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1554, critics of Calvin warned that Calvin's killing of Servetus as a mere heretic would give fresh impetus to the Roman Catholic Church to repeal the toleration that it exercised since 1520 toward the Protestant `heresy' (as Catholics viewed it.) Calvin should have foreseen the danger that his conduct would justify the Catholic church to persecute Protestant heretics, for Calvin's action undercut the principled Protestant arguments against persecuting heretics that had caused Catholicism to sheepishly withdraw the practice of persecution by 1520.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, Calvin having had Servetus killed for heresy in 1553, Calvin provided Catholics, as Pastor Benson pointed out in 1753, with "an <em><strong>invincible argument</strong></em> against themselves [<em>i.e.</em>, the Calvinists]" that any killing of Calvinist Protestant heretics by Catholics would now be just.<span class="footnote"> <sup>1</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Fritz Barth (1856-1912) made the same point in<em> Calvin und Servet </em>(1909) that the "gravely compromised Calvinism ... put into the hands of the Catholics...the <em><strong>very best weapon for the persecution of the Huguenots </strong></em>[<em>i.e</em>., Calvinists of France], who were nothing but heretics in their eyes."<span class="footnote"><sup>2</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Zagorin summarizes Calvin's response to this argument in his <em>Defensio</em> of 1554. Calvin was answering Christian critics who warned Calvin's new principle within Protestantism of killing heretics will lead to the Catholics to revisit their then current pattern of tolerating Protestants:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">He<strong><em> dismissed</em></strong> the argument that the Protestants' punishment of heretics <strong>would likewise justify the Catholics' persecution of Protestants</strong>, answering that Catholics were wrong because they persecuted the truth, whereas Protestants defended the true religion ordained by God.<sup><span class="footnote">3</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Calvin was using a lawyer's trick in this reply. He changed the issue and then answered the question which he preferred. Calvin never properly addressed the problem whether Calvin's violent ideas toward heretics could revive Catholic violent intolerance of Protestant heretics, as it later did.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In other words, if Calvin's principle of death-to-heretics were well-publicized, as it came to be, then the Catholic leaders would learn Calvinists concurred on that issue. Then, based upon Calvin's clear defense of killing heretics, Roman Catholics could re-assert death to Protestant heretics. At least, the <em><strong>Catholics would be justified killing Calvinist Protestants because the Calvinist leader conceded the principle</strong></em>. The Calvinist Protestants did not all live in safety like Calvin did in Geneva. Over 100,000 Calvinist Huguenots lived in Catholic France. Several million Calvinists lived in the Netherlands under Catholic rule. They were all at risk if Calvin miscalculated what his example of murderous intolerance at Geneva in 1553 would signal to Rome.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The question the critic wanted answered was a good one: `What if the Catholics of France or the Netherlands learn from you a principle, unless you repent quickly, that will be turned on the Calvinists in each land, leaving them <strong><em>no moral defense to say the principle of killing them as heretics is wrong</em></strong>?'</span></p>
|
||||
<h2>The Boomerang Consequence of Calvin's Intolerance</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Roman Catholic Inquisition's murder of the Calvinists of the Netherlands in 1568 and those of France in 1572, as we shall soon discuss, thus turned in significant part on the failure of Calvin to repent. Calvin's reversal in 1554 of his prior doctrine of tolerance, and then insistence that killing heretics was absolute and inviolable, had foreseeable tragic consequences.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">That's the reason why Calvin did not address this crucial point of his critic. As a consequence, the lives of over 25,000 Huguenots -- perhaps as many as 100,000 -- were seized prematurely in 1572. It appears at least 20,000 were killed in the Netherlands in 1568. This was largely due to the fact their spiritual leader -- Calvin -- did not have the good sense of repenting from his decision to have Servetus killed in 1553 as a heretic. For the<strong><em> Catholics took no similar action against the Lutherans who made a mutual pact with the Catholics to never persecute one another as heretic</em></strong>s. They each had the <em><strong>Peace of Augsburg</strong></em> protecting them. Catholics and Lutherans had agreed that no Lutheran or Catholic "heretic" in the other's domain would be killed merely for heresy.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, no action was taken by Catholics against Lutherans in this entire period. By contrast, after 1554 when Calvin announced death to heretics, and when the Catholic effort in 1561 failed to enter into the same agreement as the Peace of Augsberg with the Calvinists of France (see<em> infra</em>), the Roman Catholics used the Inquisition in Spain and France as murderous weapons upon the Calvinists.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Let's review this in more detail. The salient facts are simply more tragedies that belong on Calvin's long list of bad "fruit."<strong><a name="pgfId=532142"></a></strong></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
<h3>Roman Catholic Toleration Is Ended Only For Calvinist Protestants As A Matter of Self-Defense</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Calvin can be blamed in significant part for subsequent Catholic resort to killing of Calvinists as heretics. As a French text bitterly relates this consequence from Calvin's defense of the right to kill heretics: "[Calvin's Defensio of 1554] <strong><em>furnished the Catholics an invincible argument</em></strong>... against the Protestants who had reproached them previously against any killing the Calvinists of France." (Louis Mayeul Chaudon, "Servetus," <em>Dictionnaire universel historique</em> (1812) XIX:156.) One can hear the bitterness between the lines of Chaudon's heartbreak over what happened next.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">What Calvin had single-handedly done is unwind all the progress at fostering tolerance by Catholics for the Calvinist Protestants in particular, and especially those of France and the Netherlands.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">For Erasmus in 1520 successfully poured shame on the Catholics for persecuting heretics. This had the immediate effect of insulating Lutherans. Erasmus' pleas created an era of Catholic tolerance of the Lutheran Protestants from 1520 onward. The Catholics still regarded all Protestants as heretics, yet took no effort at massive violent suppression until its clear hand in the 1568 execution of Calvinists in the Netherlands and the 1572 massacres of Calvinist Huguenots.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Lord <a name="marker=924574"></a> Acton (a Catholic) pointed out this Catholic tolerance lasted from 1520 until the Catholic church's wars on the Calvinists, plotted in the late 1560s.<span class="footnote"><sup>4</sup></span></span><strong><a name="pgfId=943339"></a></strong></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
<h3>Calvin's Responsibility for the 1568 Decree That All Inhabitants Of The Netherlands Should Be Killed</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">After 1537, "Calvinism became the theological system of the majority in...the Netherlands."<a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#pgfId=943343" class="footnote"> </a><sup><span class="footnote">5</span></sup> "The third wave of the Reformation, Calvinism, arrived in the Netherlands in the 1560s, converting both parts of the elite and the common population, mostly in Flanders."<span class="footnote"> <sup>6</sup></span> "By the 1560s, the Protestant community had become a significant influence in the Netherlands, although it clearly formed a minority then."<span class="footnote"> <sup>7</sup></span> Yet, this was a <strong>Catholic land</strong>. Its Spanish ruler, Philip II, King of Spain, engaged in various oppressions of the Calvinists. Then in 1566, some Calvinists apparently committed a systematic vandalism of idolatrous images in Catholic churches.<sup><span class="footnote">8</span> </sup>This was not a political but a religious rebellion. However, Philip called it a `rebellion' and sent Spanish troops into the Netherlands to suppress it. In 1568, the "Spanish government, under <a name="marker=943494"></a> Phillip II started harsh prosecution campaigns, supported by the Spanish Inquisition."<sup><span class="footnote"> 9</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">These "harsh prosecution campaigns" against defenseless citizens is recounted in John Lothrop Motley (1814-1877)'s<em> Rise of the Dutch Republic </em>(N.Y.: 1856)(reprint Thomas Crowell, 1901). He relates:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=943349"></a> Upon the 15th of February <a name="marker=943495"></a> 1568, a sentence of the Holy Office<em><strong> condemned all the inhabitants of the Netherlands to death as heretics</strong></em>. From this universal doom only a few persons, especially named, were excepted. A proclamation of the King [Phillip II of Spain], dated ten days later confirmed this decree of the Inquisition, and <strong><em>ordered it to be carried into instant execution without regard to age, sex, or condition</em></strong>. This is probably<em><strong> the most concise death-warrant that was ever framed</strong></em>.....<em><strong> Three millions of people, men, women and children, were sentenced to the scaffold in three lines</strong></em>. Under the new decree, the executions certainly did not slacken. Men in the highest and humblest positions were daily and hourly dragged to the stake. Alba, in a single letter to Phillip II, cooly estimates the number of executions which were to take place immediately after the expiration of Holy Week at "eight hundred heads." (<em>Id.</em>, Vol. 1 at 597-98.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This is confirmed by other historians. King Philip through the Duke of Alba set up "arbitrary and sanguinary tribunals" throughout the Netherlands, and "multitudes were<strong><em> daily delivered over to the executioner</em></strong>; nothing was to be seen or heard but seizure, confiscation, imprisonment, torture and death."<sup><span class="footnote"> 10</span></sup> The Protestant William of Nassau, Prince of Orange, sought to rescue the Protestants from further murder, but his army of 28,000 were no match for the Spaniards stationed in the Netherlands.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Inquisition was working hand-in-glove with Fernando Alvarez de Toledo known as the <a name="marker=943615"></a> Duke of Alba aka Alva. He was the right-hand man of King <a name="marker=943616"></a> Philip II of Spain. In one episode just prior to the Inquisition decree of 1568, several men had come to the Duke of Alba, pleading for clemency on behalf of those imprisoned for being tolerant of Protestantism.<span class="footnote"> <sup>11</sup></span> The Duke of Alba made a "passionate and ferocious reply" that "his Majesty would rather the <strong><em>whole land should become an uninhabited wilderness than that a single Dissenter should exist</em></strong> within its territory." (Motley,<em> id</em>, I: 597.) Later the Duke of Alba came to the Netherlands with just such a mission.</span></p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2">Connection to the Events To Come in France in 1572</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">These sanguinary events in the Netherlands have a connection to those in 1572 in France, which we discuss in the next section. In 1572, King Charles of France instigated by a Catholic cardinal orchestrated the murder of 25,000-100,000 Calvinists known as Huguenots, not pitying women or children.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">What politically transpired in the case of the Netherlands in 1568 directly relates to what happened in France in 1572. <strong><em>Cardinal Lorraine</em></strong> of France in 1568 was <strong><em>conspiring with Spain to have King Philip put at the head of France</em></strong> should King Charles of France perchance "die." (Motley, I: 590.) At minimum, Spain in recompense would receive a few territories in France if it suppressed Calvinism in the Netherlands.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The royal throne of France appears to have gotten wind of what was afoot, and <strong><em>felt the pressure from the Catholic Church to kill the Calvinist Huguenots</em></strong>. Soon after this Catholic conspiracy was begun with Spain, the Queen dowager of France (the effective monarch because Charles was still a young boy) wrote to her counterpart in Spain--the Duke of Alva. She discussed the Calvinist Huguenot problem. She said that unless she had 2000 Spanish musketeers, she would have to succumb to a peace, <em>i.e.</em>, enter into a peace with the Huguenots. (This did take place in 1570.) But the reply came from the Duke of Alva on behalf of King Philip of Spain. In Motley's account, Alva said "it was much better to have <strong><em>a kingdom ruined preserving it for God</em></strong> and the king by war, than to have it kept entire without war, to the profit of the devil and his followers."<a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#pgfId=943359" class="footnote"> </a><span class="footnote"><sup>12</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">As we shall see, it was this same Roman Catholic ferocious pressure which was applied upon the Queen Mother of France and the young King Charles in 1572 who in turn slaughtered the Huguenots without mercy or trial -- whether man, woman or child.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2">Calvin's Moral Responsibility For the Deaths of the Calvinists of the Netherlands</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">But to repeat, Calvin remains morally responsible although obviously <strong><em>not in the same degree as those ordering the murders</em></strong>. For had Calvin not unleashed the dogs of war by saying (Calvinist) Protestants should kill heretics, the alarm at (Calvinist) Protestants gaining power in the Netherlands or in France would have posed no risk to Roman Catholics. But the rise of Calvinist Protestants politically <strong><em>put themselves at risk due to the new policy Calvin announced in 1554</em></strong> in the wake of the Servetus Affair. Calvin declared that Protestants of Calvinist persuasion would kill heretics, and felt it their duty to do so. Consequently, no Catholic ruler could ever let the Calvinists rise to power. <strong><em>Calvin made it become a life-and-death struggle</em></strong>. For to Calvinists, Roman Catholics were heretics, proven by Calvin's treatment of the Catholic Church in Geneva in 1535. Calvin made every Genevan confess in the Geneva Confession that the Roman Catholic Church was the <strong><em>"synagogue of Satan</em></strong>."<span class="footnote"><sup>13</sup></span> Hence, if the Roman Catholics did not kill the Calvinists now, the Catholics easily could imagine it would be too late to save themselves once the Calvinist Huegenots gained political power which appeared only a matter of time.<sup><span class="footnote"> 14</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This Catholic thought-process is precisely what Castellio warned Calvin would be the consequence of killing Servetus, especially due to Calvin's defending Servetus's killing on the principle of `death-to-heretics.' Calvin did not listen. Calvin was wrong. Calvin thus ends up <strong><em>morally responsible for all the predictable responses of the Roman Catholics in thereafter murdering pre-emptively the Calvinist Protestants</em></strong> throughout Europe.<strong><a name="12324"></a></strong></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Calvin's Responsibility for The Killings of French Huguenots</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The Roman Catholic Lord Acton in his famous article on the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in France exposes the Roman Cathloic church's role in that mass murder. It took place in 1572, beginning in Paris and spreading throughout France. When it ended, 25,000 to 100,000 Calvinist Huguenots of France were murdered as alleged heretics. Acton says up to the 1560s, the "Protestants...had won toleration" from the Roman Catholic church. Until this epoch, the attempt to "arrest [Protestantism's] advance by force had been abandoned."<sup><span class="footnote"> 15</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">However, in 1572, the Roman Pope's agents directly orchestrated at the pope's command the French king's actions to suppress the Calvinist <a name="marker=924573"></a> Huguenots. Prior to 1572, tensions were rising in France. Catholic meddling only had emerged in 1569 in a minor skirmish. But in 1572, the cat was out of the bag. Death to heretics of the Calvinist stripe was in full swing in France!<sup><span class="footnote"> 16</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1572, beginning with the <a name="marker=924572"></a> St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, the Roman church of France turned to killing Huguenots en masse. The Huguenots were a sect of Calvinists, so the irony should not be lost on anyone. Lord Acton was a famous Roman Catholic as well as objective historian. Acton commented on this 1572 episode: "I... point[] out that the Popes had, after long endeavours, <strong><em>nearly succeeded in getting all the Calvinists murdered</em></strong>."<sup><span class="footnote"> 17</span></sup></span><strong><a name="pgfId=943433"></a></strong><strong><a name="16349"></a></strong></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>History Proves Calvin's Moral Responsibility</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The reason for this change in Roman Catholic policy toward Calvinists in particular was directly related to Calvin's actions in 1553 and his later defense of those actions.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">For Calvin's change in the standard Protestant refrain that the <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"></span> Parable of the Wheat and the Tares meant no death of heretics was rejected in 1554 by Calvin. He boldly proclaimed killing of Servetus was defensible under the notion that Servetus was a heretic. Calvin now defended killing heretics as perfectly legal and mandatory for a member of Calvin's church. This new Calvinist policy had<em><strong> grave implications upon the safety of Roman Catholics</strong></em> in Geneva or in any land that might adopt Calvinist Protestantism like France or the Netherlands.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">For in Geneva, <a name="marker=924554"></a> Farel and Calvin banned the Catholic church, expelling all Catholic practitioners in 1535, while brazenly treating the Catholics who remained as all suspected heretics. In fact, the <a name="marker=924555"></a> Confession of Faith of 1535 in Geneva, written by <a name="marker=924556"></a> Calvin and Farel, said anyone who continued to associate with Catholicism belonged to the "synagogue of the Devil."<span class="footnote"> <sup>18</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">On August 27, 1535, <a name="marker=924547"></a> Geneva banned any saying of the Mass. Geneva also expropriated the property of the Roman Catholic church, which was a penalty Catholics previously applied historically to heretics.<sup><span class="footnote"> 19</span> </sup>Calvin's view of Catholicism as a heresy was obvious and open for all to see. If Catholics were heretics, and Servetus was a heretic,<em><strong> it does not take a brilliant mind to know the logical deduction of the Roman Catholic pope</strong></em>. He would expect Catholics in France to be persecuted even unto death if Calvinism politically triumphed over France any time after 1554.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">As long as this murderous view of this Frenchman (Calvin) was limited to a small city like Geneva, the danger to Roman Catholics was contained. As long as this Frenchman had stood by the firm resolve of all the other Protestants that Jesus' <a name="marker=924546"></a> Parable of the Wheat and the Tares meant no death to heretics, Catholics would have to grin and bear Calvin's success at Geneva. But with the killing of Servetus in 1553, and the subsequent dogmatic defense by Calvin in 1554 of killing of heretics (departing radically from Protestant norms and teachings), the Roman pope knew there was <strong><em>no hope for clemency in a Calvinist France for Catholics, should the Calvinists of France take power</em></strong>.</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Pope's Efforts To Gain Pact of Peace With Calvinists</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">To head off this possibility, in 1561, the Pope tried to obtain reconciliation with the Calvinists of France. This meeting was "sponsored by the French government at the <a name="marker=924550"></a> Colloquy of Poisy in 1561, where Calvinist and Catholic divines fruitlessly debated their differences."<sup><span class="footnote"> 20</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Having failed to find common ground, the Pope could not ignore that Calvin's Geneva thereafter gave him fresh and notorious examples of how those who are heretics in Calvinist eyes would be burned at the stake.</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Calvinists Persist In Killing Heretics in the 1560s</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1566, <a name="marker=924528"></a> Gentilis was arrested at Geneva.<sup><span class="footnote"> 21</span></sup> He was handed over to authorities in <a name="marker=924529"></a> Bern in 1566 for execution. The Calvinist magistrates there "beheaded [Valentine] Gentilis" for his alleged Arian teaching of an inferiority of Jesus to the Father.<sup><span class="footnote"> 22</span> </sup>Gentilis "did not hold the opinions of Servetus, as many writers affirm; but held Arian sentiments, and made the Son and the Holy Spirit to be inferior to the Father."<sup><span class="footnote"> 23</span></sup> Here, Gentilis' 'crime' is only heresy, not blasphemy. The verdict was death.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Ironically, <a name="marker=924530"></a> Calvin held the same view as Gentilis on the inferiority of Jesus to the Father.<sup><span class="footnote"> 24</span></sup> However, with Calvin's death in 1564, his followers in 1566 began to rectify what they now regarded as heresy even though their deceased leader taught the same thing. They now persecuted unto death those holding to this aspect of the Arian heresy.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Continuing on, there was another case initiated in 1566 at Geneva. This was another heresy "blasphemy" trial pending of a jurist named Grabaldus. A death sentence was hanging over him. However, the defendant died in prison, and the case never went to trial.<a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#pgfId=532289" class="footnote"> </a><span class="footnote"><sup>25</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In 1572, these several cases were still in recent memory of the Roman Pope who would see them as an alarm to the safety of French Catholics if the Calvinist Huguenots gained political supremacy in France.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Now obviously due to the abandonment of toleration by Calvinist Protestants of heretics, <strong><em>the Roman Catholic church had to abandon toleration in return of Calvinist Protestants</em></strong>. It was a simple equation of <strong><em>self-defense</em></strong>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, when Calvin and Beza in 1554 defended the right to kill anyone whom they thought was a heretic,<span class="footnote"> <sup>26</sup></span><sup> </sup>these were chilling words to Catholics as well. At that time, the Calvinist Huguenots in France openly operated with military field generals, especially in the South of France. They mustered militia-armies in self-defense whenever frightened at perceived Catholic designs.<sup><span class="footnote"> 27</span></sup> If the Huguenots should come to power in France -- which was not a far-fetched possibility because several members of the Royal family were Protestant, the Roman Catholics could then face a retaliatory Inquisition at the hands of the armed Calvinist Huguenots.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Hence, because the Geneva Reformer named Calvin insisted Catholics were heretics, Catholics in 1572 had to realize the <strong><em>best defense was an aggressive offense</em></strong>. Thus, Calvin's principle of `death to heretics,' proven by the killing of Servetus and many Genevans thereafter, was a direct threat to Roman Catholics if Calvinism should ascend into dominance in France.</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Contrast The Pacific Relations With Lutherans</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">By contrast, the Roman Catholics had <em><strong>no need to violently persecute Lutherans</strong></em>. In 1555, the Lutheran and Catholic churches had agreed to co-exist within the Holy Roman Empire. Neither would persecute the other as heretics. This was settled in the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. ("Peace of Augsburg," Wikipedia.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This contrast proves how crucial were the events in 1553 when Calvin had Servetus killed as a mere heretic. To repeat, Calvin's<em> Defensio</em> in 1554 and <a name="marker=924525"></a> Beza's similar fulminations that same year made it absolutely clear to Catholics that they had to kill off the Calvinist Huguenots of France. How could the Catholics permit the Calvinists to gain ascendancy in France and potentially turn the tables on the Catholics? If they did not do something violent themselves now, they would find themselves bitterly being killed as heretics later in a Calvinist Huguenot France.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Hence, by inexorable logic, directly deduced from the killing of Servetus in 1553, and the dogma upon which <a name="marker=924527"></a> Calvin later defended that killing, the Roman Catholic church orchestrated what remains <strong><em>one of the most bloody episodes of all time</em></strong>: the killing of masses of people merely for being perceived as heretics with no trial or opportunity to defend themselves. Instead, in 1572, their doors were marked and they were dragged from their beds, and clubbed and stabbed to death.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In a systematic wave of terror, the agents of the church and king slaughtered man, woman and child without any trial. Their homes and personages were marked as Huguenot heretics, and they were doomed. The smallest estimate of those murdered in the two month terror was 25,000. The largest estimate was 100,000.<sup><span class="footnote"> 28</span> </sup>The blood of each murdered soul cries out: `<strong><em>Thanks Calvin</em></strong>! You put the sword in the hands of our mortal enemies.'</span></p>
|
||||
<h3>Despite Catholic Responsibility, Calvin's Responsibility Remains</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">No one can remove the Roman Catholic stigma from these events. But Calvin's bloody hands were an important contributing factor to the events of 1572. For it was his example with Servetus and his unrepentant doctrine of 1554 that opened the floodgates. It opened them specifically only as to Calvinist Protestants. In 1572, the<em><strong> Lutheran Protestants went to bed as peacefully in those two months as they had since 1555</strong></em>. They had the Peace of Augsburg protecting them. They enjoyed the mutual understanding that no Lutheran or Catholic "heretic" in the other's domain would be killed merely for heresy.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Thus, one can now understand that killing Servetus for heresy had a far reaching impact on the history of Europe. That execution, and the subsequent and radically new Calvinist dogma of `death to heretics' (belatedly raised to justify the crime), clearly led to the mass murder of numerous good Christian souls. They<strong><em> paid the price of the sin of their leader</em></strong> -- John Calvin. Each of those 25,000 to 100,000 dead souls were a moral responsibility of John Calvin as his switch to persecuting heresy gave rise to the unholy alliance of the Pope at Rome and the King of France.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><br /> </span></p>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<div class="footnotes">
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 1.</span> <a name="pgfId=532209"></a> George Benson, D.D., "The Old Whig, or the Consistent Protestant," February 2, 1737-38," reprinted in G. Benson,<em> A Collection of Tracts</em> (London: 1753) at 189.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 2.</span> <a name="pgfId=935663"></a> Quoted by Walter Nigg, <em>The Heretics</em> (Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1962) at 328-29.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 3.</span> <a name="pgfId=532136"></a> Perez Zagorin, <em>How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West</em> (Princeton, 2003) at 80.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 4.</span> <a name="pgfId=532679"></a> <a name="marker=924558"></a> Acton omits considering <a name="marker=924559"></a> Queen Mary I killing of 300 Protestants during her reign. He evidently does not consider her actions as the responsibility of the Pope. This may be but she may have relied on the example of Calvin, for her killings were all subsequent to the execution of Servetus. Mary I became Queen of England on August 3, 1553, just a few days before Servetus' arrest. In the next year after Servetus' execution, Mary I in 1554 "orders bishops to suppress heresy beginning a long period of Protestant martyrdom." In 1555, "300 Protestants are executed." (See http://estc.ucr.edu/CHRONOLOGY_1473-1640.html.)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 5.</span> <a name="pgfId=943343"></a> "Calvinism," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism (accessed 7/5/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 6.</span> <a name="pgfId=943389"></a> "History of religion in the Netherlands," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_religion_in_the_Netherlands (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 7.</span> <a name="pgfId=943542"></a> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 8.</span> <a name="pgfId=943565"></a> "Early August 1566, a mob stormed the church of Hondschoote in Flanders (now in Northern France). This relatively small incident spread North and led to a massive iconoclastic movement by Calvinists, who stormed churches and other religious buildings to desecrate and destroy statues and images of Catholic saints all over the Netherlands. According to the Calvinists, these statues represented worship of idols. The number of actual image-breakers appears to have been relatively small and the exact backgrounds of the movement are debated." See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 9.</span> <a name="pgfId=943551"></a> "History of religion in the Netherlands," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_religion_in_the_Netherlands (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 10.</span> <a name="pgfId=943353"></a> William Russell, <em>The History of Modern Europe: with an account of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire</em> (H. Maxwell, 1802) II at 450.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 11.</span> <a name="pgfId=943597"></a> "Egmont and Horne [arrested in 1567] had been Catholic nobles who were loyal to the King of Spain until their death. The reason for their execution [in 1568] was that Alba considered they had been treasonous to the king in their tolerance to Protestantism." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 12.</span> <a name="pgfId=943359"></a> Motley, I: at 591.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 13.</span> <a name="pgfId=943458"></a> For the "synagogue of Satan" confession, see this <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=MlPrYQ5srKEC&lpg=PP1&dq=did%20calvin%20murder%20servetus&pg=PA337">link</a>. For discussion on the proofs of Calvin's moral responsibility, see <a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#16349" class="XRef"> See History Proves Calvin's Moral Responsibility</a> .</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 14.</span> <a name="pgfId=943641"></a> The reaction led eventually to revolution in 1572, and by the Act of Abduration in 1581--a declaration of independence.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 15.</span> <a name="pgfId=532227"></a> John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton,<em> History of Freedom</em> (MacMillan, 1907) at 102, 103.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 16.</span> <a name="pgfId=532147"></a> <a name="18161"></a> The outbreaks of religious violence in 1562-1563 in France were evidently not orchestrated by the Catholic church, unlike the killings of 1572. This 1562-1563 episode is called the first `Religious War' with Huguenots. It arose in 1562 merely out of a misunderstanding between servants of the Duc de Guise and a Huguenot congregation on a Sunday afternoon. The Duc de Guise ended up later being assassinated. Tensions mounted, and the Huguenots formed an army within France, and called for aid from Protestants of Germany and England. The Crown decided to peaceable settle the dispute. Prisoners were exchanged. The<a name="marker=924551"></a> Edict of Amboise issued March 16, 1563 granted "freedom of conscience" to nobles of the "reformed" faith with their "families and subjects." Next, in 1567-1568, when Spain's armies were passing the "Spanish road" from Italy to Flanders to subjugate the Netherlands, the Huguenots suspected treachery. They heard rumours that the pope wanted to invade France via Spain's armies and exterminate the Huguenots. The Huguenots overreacted, and attempted a coup at Meaux, and the capture of the king. The plan fizzled. Another edict of peace was signed, called the <a name="marker=924552"></a> Peace of Longjumeau. Finally, during 1568-1570, the Catholic Cardinal de Lorraine this time planned to capture the Huguenot military leaders. He failed initially. The Huguenot army in the south held off the royal armies. Finally another peace was signed at St. Germain. This last episode did involve a Catholic prelate directly meddling, and is the precursor to the <a name="marker=924553"></a> St. Bartholomew's Massacre of 1572. (This is based in part on http://www.lepg.org/wars.htm (2/24/08).)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 17.</span> <a name="pgfId=532251"></a> John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, <em>Selections from the Correspondence of the First Lord Acton</em> (Longman's Gree, 1917) at 55-56.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 18.</span> <a name="pgfId=532339"></a> See <a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#21013" class="XRef"> </a> and accompanying text.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 19.</span> <a name="pgfId=532345"></a> See <a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#15081" class="XRef"> </a> et seq.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 20.</span> <a name="pgfId=532642"></a> Perez Zagorin, <em>How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West</em> (Princeton, 2003) at 87.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 21.</span> <a name="pgfId=532320"></a> George Benson, D.D., "The Old Whig, or the Consistent Protestant," February 2, 1737-38," reprinted in G. Benson, <em>A Collection of Tracts </em>(London: 1753) at 190 ("Valentinus Gentilis... was afterwards imprisoned at Geneva for heresy...").</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 22.</span> <a name="pgfId=532279"></a> E. William Monter, <em>Calvin's Geneva</em> (New York: John Wilely & Sons, 1967) at 83-84.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 23.</span> <a name="pgfId=532285"></a> Johann Lorenz Mosheim, <em>Institutes of Ecclesiastical History</em> (Harper & Bros., 1841) at 227.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 24.</span> <a name="pgfId=545219"></a> See <a name="marker=924531"></a> Calvin's letter to the Polish Brethren quoted at length in Gaston Bonet-Maury & Edward Potter Hall, <em>Early Sources of English Unitarian Christianity</em> (1884) at 16 fn. 4. Calvin in 1563 wrote that Scripture makes "Christ, as mediator, <strong><em>inferior to the Father</em></strong>." Thus, Calvin clearly says Jesus is inferior to God-the-Father because of the verses where Jesus was speaking of his limitations in knowledge compared to the Father, etc. Cfr. Calvin in <em>Institutes</em> (1536), where Calvin previously said Jesus is not inferior to the Father. See this<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=UU9Ygc_c5woC&dq=calvin%20christ%20inferior%20father&pg=PA146#v=onepage&q&f=false"> link</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=924532"></a> This proves, incidentally, the superiority of Servetus' solution which sees two natures in Jesus rather than two distinct `Gods' -- one inferior to the other. Servetus explained that the human Jesus is a human, but otherwise, the Word was made flesh which is the divine in Jesus, and hence Jesus is identical to God in Jesus. Thus, Calvin should not have talked of the human limitations of Jesus as if they made Jesus an inferior God to God-the-Father.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 25.</span> <a name="pgfId=532289"></a> Mosheim relates: "Not much different [from Gentilis] were the views of Matthew Gribaldus, a jurist of Pavia, who was removed by a timely death, at Geneva, in 1566, when about to undergo a capital trial: for he distributed the divine nature into three Eternal Spirits, differing in rank, as well as numerically." Johann Lorenz Mosheim,<em> Institutes of Ecclesiastical History</em> (Harper & Bros., 1841) at 227.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 26.</span> <a name="pgfId=532171"></a> See <a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#32174" class="XRef"> </a> et seq.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 27.</span> <a name="pgfId=532178"></a> See <span class="XRef"> See The outbreaks of religious violence in 1562-1563 in France were evidently not orchestrated by the Catholic church, unlike the killings of 1572. This 1562-1563 episode is called the first `Religious War' with Huguenots. It arose in 1562 merely out of a misunderstanding between servants of the Duc de Guise and a Huguenot congregation on a Sunday afternoon. The Duc de Guise ended up later being assassinated. Tensions mounted, and the Huguenots formed an army within France, and called for aid from Protestants of Germany and England. The Crown decided to peaceable settle the dispute. Prisoners were exchanged. The Edict of Amboise issued March 16, 1563 granted "freedom of conscience" to nobles of the "reformed" faith with their "families and subjects." Next, in 1567-1568, when Spain's armies were passing the "Spanish road" from Italy to Flanders to subjugate the Netherlands, the Huguenots suspected treachery. They heard rumours that the pope wanted to invade France via Spain's armies and exterminate the Huguenots. The Huguenots overreacted, and attempted a coup at Meaux, and the capture of the king. The plan fizzled. Another edict of peace was signed, called the Peace of Longjumeau. Finally, during 1568-1570, the Catholic Cardinal de Lorraine this time planned to capture the Huguenot military leaders. He failed initially. The Huguenot army in the south held off the royal armies. Finally another peace was signed at St. Germain. This last episode did involve a Catholic prelate directly meddling, and is the precursor to the St. Bartholomew's Massacre of 1572. </span><a href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Does%20Calvin%20Bear%20Responsibility%20for%20Later%20Slaughter%20by%20Catholics%20of%20Calvinists.html#18161" class="XRef">(This is based in part on http://www.lepg.org/wars.htm (2/24/08).)</a> .</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 28.</span> <a name="pgfId=532188"></a> See <span class="XRef"> See Calvin Was Begged To Repent in 1554 To Save Lives</span> at this website.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 29.</span> <a name="pgfId=943795"></a> See Friedrich Edler, <em>The Dutch Republic and the American Revolution</em> (The Johns Hopkins Press, 1911) at 11-12 fn. 2. See also, "Dutch Republic," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 30.</span> <a name="pgfId=943938"></a> In 1651, a law was passed that no organized religion that had not existed when the republic was formed could be authorized to be practiced in the Netherlands. See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Brill, 2002) at 257.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 31.</span> <a name="pgfId=943819"></a> "Dutch Republic," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 32.</span> <a name="pgfId=944088"></a> "The Friends believed that God's grace did not filter through the hierarchy of the religious elite, but reached each person directly. In taking this theological approach, the Quakers bypassed the authority of clergy and rulers, and recognized that the common person could be elevated to the `priesthood of all believers.' This rendered the current cultural order obsolete and formed the core ideal of the American republic that would arise more than a century later." "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the <em>Liberty Magazine</em>, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 33.</span> <a name="pgfId=944031"></a> "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 34.</span> <a name="pgfId=944073"></a> "Boston Martyrs," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 35.</span> <a name="pgfId=943965"></a> See "The Flushing Remonstrance," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 36.</span> <a name="pgfId=943987"></a> The patent is quoted in "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the<em> Liberty Magazine</em>, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 37.</span> <a name="pgfId=943847"></a> See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2002) at 255.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 38.</span> <a name="pgfId=943902"></a> See Joris van Eijnatten,<em> Liberty and Concord in the United Provinces: Religious Toleration and the Republic in the Eighteenth Century Netherlands</em> (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2002) at 255.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 8897227<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/69-lord-acton-example.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Lord Acton Example" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Lord Acton Example</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><p>"But if we must focus on Paul's letters to establish the Christian faith, then truly the servant has become greater than his Master." (Bercot<em>Theologians </em>(2010) at 40.)</p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Book Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="19" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 1027" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "1027") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Background Material</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h2>Lord Acton's Example</h2>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading1">The Roman Catholic -- Lord Acton -- Denounced 300 Year Old Murders by Popes</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">A true Christian must recognize and denounce a murder done by his church leader. It is virtue to admit it. It would be complicity to cover it up. It would be compounding the crime to make pathetic illegitimate excuses. Lord Acton gave us a noble example of how true Christians respond to evidence that their religious leaders are criminals, even if such crimes took place 300 years earlier. The taint and criminality does not fade with time.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the 1860s, Lord Acton evaluated his Roman Catholic Church by the same measure that Standford Rives attempts to do with Calvin and Servetus. Mr. Rives indirectly demonstrates that a repentance is necessary from the Reformed Calvinists of today -- the spiritual ancestors of Calvin.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997356"></a> Lord <a name="marker=997355"></a> Acton in 1859 was the editor of a Roman Catholic monthly paper. When the Pope told him to shut it down, he obeyed. He was a good and faithful Catholic. However, Lord Acton continued to write articles critical of the papacy, and concluded the Roman Catholic Church was guilty of an unrepentant murder 300 years earlier when it killed as heretics the Huguenots in 1572. Acton said the Popes and all of Catholicism owed an apology and appropriate repentance. Acton said this episode also proved the papacy was certainly not infallible. It could only persuade by the force of Scripture, not by tradition or anyone's feelings of loyalty.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997357"></a> To that end, Acton revived the memory of this Huguenot massacre in an article published in October 1869 in the <em>North British Review</em>. He concluded his book-long essay by saying that there was no evidence to absolve the Roman Church of premeditated murder.<span class="footnote"> <sup>1</sup></span> Acton argued that it was not only facts that condemned the papacy for this heinous crime, but the whole body of "casuistry" (phony excuses) developed by the church that made it an act of Christian duty and mercy to kill a heretic so that he might be removed from sin.<span class="footnote"> </span><sup><span class="footnote">2</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997364"></a> Acton pointed out that only when the Roman Church could no longer rely upon force but had to make its case before public opinion that it sought to explain away the Huguenot murders. Yet, in doing so, the church resorted to lies. "The same motive which had justified the murder now promoted the lie," Acton wrote. A bodyguard of lies was fabricated to protect the papacy from guilt for this monstrous sin.<span class="footnote"> </span><sup><span class="footnote">3</span></sup> <a name="marker=997370"></a> Acton wrote:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997371"></a> The story is much more abominable than we all believed.... S. B. [St. Bartholomew's] is<em><strong> the greatest crime of modern times</strong></em>. It was committed on principles professed by Rome. It was approved, sanctioned, and praised by the papacy. The Holy See went out of its way to signify to the world, by permanent and solemn acts, how entirely it admired a king who slaughtered his subjects treacherously, because they were Protestants. To proclaim forever that because a man is a Protestant it is a pious deed to cut his throat in the night....</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997372"></a> Acton said that for three centuries the Roman church's canon law had affirmed that the killing of an excommunicated person was not murder, and that allegiance need not be kept with heretical rulers. Legitimized murder and authorized treason were part of the Roman church's official teachings. As a result of such license for murder, <a name="marker=997373"></a> Charles IX of France in killing the Huguenots was praised by the Catholic church as a good Catholic. Soon after the mass slaughter of innocents in their beds, Charles was highly praised by the pope for having killed so many of these Huguenots.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997374"></a> Acton contended that these acts of murder by the Roman church's leaders had discredited them as a source of reliable teachers.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997375"></a> Incidentally, another Roman Catholic critical of his church on this principle was <a name="marker=997376"></a> Von Dollinger (1799-1890). This Bavarian was a Doctor of Theology and Professor of Canon Law at the Catholic Universities of Landshut and Munich. In a work praised by the famous Prime Minister of England, <a name="marker=997377"></a> Gladstone, as "the weightiest and most worthy of documents," Von Dollinger wrote in 1869:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997378"></a> A man is <em><strong>not honest who accepts all the Papal decisions in questions of morality</strong></em>, for they have often been distinctly immoral; or who approves the conduct of the Popes in engrossing power, for it was stained with perfidy and falsehood; or who is ready to alter his convictions at their command, for his conscience is guided by no principle.<sup><a class="footnote" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Lord%20Actons%20Example.html#pgfId=997382"> </a><span class="footnote">4</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997384"></a> As thanks, Von Dollinger was publicly excommunicated by the Catholic Church in 1871.<span class="footnote"> <sup>5</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997388"></a> Acton after studying the same materials upon which Dollinger relied likewise wrote:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997389"></a> The<em><strong> papacy contrived murder and massacre on the largest and also on the most cruel and inhuman scale</strong></em>. They were not only wholesale assassins but they made the principle of assassination a law of the Christian Church and a condition of salvation.... [The Papacy] is the fiend skulking behind the Crucifix.<span class="footnote"> <sup>6</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997393"></a> As Lord Acton (along with Dollinger) tried faithfully to correct his church, while always remaining a Catholic, he wrote his famous letter dated April, 1887, to Bishop Mandell Creighton. In it, Acton made his most well-known pronouncement about the papacy:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997394"></a> Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997395"></a> As the <em>Encyclopedia</em> points out, "Most people who quote Lord Acton's Dictum are unaware that it refers to Papal power and was made by a Catholic, albeit not an unquestioning one."<span class="footnote"> <sup>7</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997399"></a> The most stunning observation, however, was Acton's feelings towards those <a name="marker=997400"></a> Catholics who <strong><em>connive to condone</em></strong> these acts of murder out of loyalty to the pope. He said this is not mere error, but<strong><em> crime itself</em></strong> -- the approval of murder after-the-fact.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997401"></a> What made these conniving excuses more deplorable is that these were men who professed religion. Acton said it made their crime by ratification also sacrilegious. Their consciences became warped due to a desire to defend the indefensible. This insightful statement, which applies with equal force to a dozen Calvinist-inspired accounts of the Servetus trial, should pique the conscience of every loyalist of Calvin. It is no good to find pathetic excuses for Calvin's conduct rather than to "renounce" him as Acton said he was compelled to do of the Papacy itself. He says:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997402"></a> Was it better to<em><strong> renounce the papacy out of horror for its acts</strong></em>, or to <em><strong>condone the acts out of reverence for the papacy</strong></em>? The Papal party preferred the latter alternative. It appeared to me that <strong><em> condone the acts</em><em>such men are infamous in the last degree</em></strong>. I did not accuse them of error, as I might impute it to Grotius or Channing, but of crime. I thought that a person who imitated them for political or other motives worthy of death. But those whose motive was religious seemed to me worse than the others, because that which is in others the last resource of conversion is with them the source of guilt. The spring of repentance is broken, the<strong><em> conscience is not only weakened but warped</em></strong>. Their<em><strong> prayers and sacrifices appeared to me the most awful sacrilege</strong></em>.<span class="footnote"> <sup>8</sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=997407"></a> <a name="marker=997406"></a> Acton called his fellow Catholics to repent rather than distort their beliefs to accept the intolerable. Calvinists who have bent the truth repeatedly to exonerate the inexorable have fallen prey to the same "weakened" and "warped" conscience. It is time to repent from this compounding sin, and denounce Calvin as the murderer he indubitably was. Then we are one step closer to making Jesus our sole teacher, as He commanded us to regard Himself.</span></p>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Study Note</span></h2>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Owen Chadwick in <em>Acton and History</em> (Cambridge University Press, 2002) questions, without explaining why, Acton's claim that historical revision of the Massacre was justified due to the correspondence of the papal nuncio at Paris, Antonia Maria Salviati. Chadwick introduces the topic: "He [Acton] thought the use of Salviati was the chief historical originality of his essay." (Acton and History at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">67</a>.) Acton relied upon a small portion of Salviati's writings which had been written in an unexpected place -- an appendix to the third volume of Sir James Mackintosh's <em>History of England </em>published between 1825-1840 . <em>Id. </em>How did Mackintosh obtain access? Mackintosh had access to the papal archives during the period of Napoleon's regime (<em>id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">68</a>) which is the time when the pope and papal states were prisoners of Napoleon. (Chadwick does not explain this fact.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><em></em>Chadwick then says another source of the papal nuncio's writings are from the Prefect of the Papal Archives (Chadwick: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">72</a>) called Father Theiner. His appendices of documents added to the first of three volumes on his life of Pope Gregory XIII contain these papal nuncio records at the time of the Bartholomew Massacres. Chadwick says when you read these documents, you begin to "doubt" Acton's thesis which Chadwick apparently means to be so if one believes Father Theiner's integrity. However, Chadwick says that MacKintosh's version of the identical letters is often longer than Theiner's version, and clearly suggest Theiner deleted unfavorable passages. Because Mackintosh had astonishing access -- which was lost with the fall of Napoleon -- no one can seriously contend Mackintosh had a bias to fabricate. Chadwick relates the facts which point to Father Theiner removing passages that implicated the Catholic church in the Massacres:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">[P]aragraphs of Mackintosh contained matter which Theiner's transcript of the letters did not contain. Sometimes these omissiosn were of negligible interest. But occassionally, and especially to a man of Acton's bias in favor of disclosing what discredited,<strong><em> they staggered</em></strong>. <em>Id.</em>, at 67-<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">68</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Chadwick provides a very important example from the day of the incident of the massacres at Paris where Mackintosh quotes Salviati, the papal nuncio at Paris saying -- but which Theiner omits:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">I can be as happy can be ..the king and queen-mother ...<strong><em>have been able to extirpate the poisonous roots with such prudence, at a time when all the rebels were shut up in their cage</em></strong>. <em>Id.</em>, at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false"> 68</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Chadwick admits that "Theiner left out the passage." <em>Id.</em></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">Chadwick then explains that Acton investigated Mackintosh further, and verified his work in the archives by obtaining Chateubriand's copies of the same papal letters which Mackintosh copied. Acton made for himself handwritten copies of those letters which are still in Acton's notes. From them, Acton concluded "Theiner ...omits whatever is irrelevant to his purpose." <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">69</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">After the publication in 1869 of the <em>North British Review </em>article in October 1869, the Pope in 1870 calledTheiner to his office, and insisted "Theiner must have taken Lord Acton into the Secret Archives and given documents for his use," which Theiner denied. <em>Id.</em>, at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6rVvgeiSHC8C&lpg=PA67&ots=RcLNVEjp2O&dq=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q=north%20british%20review%201869%20massacre&f=false">73</a>. After giving a solemn oath that he did not do so, the Pope then blamed Acton had somehow entered the Secret Archives on his own. A personal conflict for Theiner's remaining life ensued. He tried to redeem himself by obviously slipping the Trent Archives for publication to a non-Church source. He told Acton by letter of this soon before he died. Theiner implicitly turned over a leaf to spread the truth and stop the Church he served to suppress information all Christians had a right to know about.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"> </p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<div class="footnotes">
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 1.</span> <a name="pgfId=997360"></a> His article entitled "Massacre of St. Bartholomew," was published in the <em>North British Review</em> in October 1869, and later reprinted in Acton's work <em>History of Freedom</em> (MacMillan, 1907) at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=F38MAAAAYAAJ&dq=intitle%3AHistory%20intitle%3Aof%20intitle%3AFreedom%20inauthor%3Aacton&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false"> 101</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 2.</span> <a name="pgfId=997363"></a> Thanks are given for the inspiration to this section to John Robbins, The Trinity Foundation (April 4, 2005), from his article at <a href="http://www.trinityfoundation.org/horror_show.php?id=33">http://www.trinityfoundation.org/horror_show.php?id=33</a> (accessed 2/18/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 3.</span> <a name="pgfId=997367"></a> The effectiveness of these lies can be measured by looking at the article "<a name="marker=997368"></a> St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre," <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bartholomew's_Day_Massacre">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bartholomew's_Day_Massacre</a> (2/18/2008). Apparently oblivious to Lord Acton's research, the author writes of the killings: "The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy in French) was a wave of Catholic mob violence against the Huguenots" and "From August to October, similar apparently spontaneous massacres of Huguenots took place in other towns, such as Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lyon, Bourges, Rouen, and Orléans." He leaves out entirely the evidence collected by Acton that the church urged the action taken.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">A recent update to the <em>Wikipedia</em> article claims: "The question of whether the massacre had<strong><em> long</em></strong> been premeditated was not entirely settled until the late 19th century; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Acton" title="Lord Acton" class="mw-redirect">Lord Acton</a> changed his mind on the matter twice, finally concluding that it was not." The citation for support is solely "The subject of Butterfield's chapter, referenced below." Then it cites <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Butterfield" title="Herbert Butterfield">Butterfield, Herbert</a>, <em>Man on his Past</em>, Cambridge University Press, 1955, Chapter VI, <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Acton" title="Lord Acton" class="mw-redirect">Lord Acton</a> and the Massacre of St Bartholomew. </em></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The key term in this claim is "long" -- how long was the massacre in contemplation is the issue. However, the length of premeditation by the monarchy (to whom the article alone points as culprits) does not suggest it was unpremeditated or completely spontaneous, as the writer of <em>Wikipedia</em> leads one to assume. The quote from Acton upon which the issue of his later views rests comes from 1895. The context gives plenty of evidence of church and monarchy for years before discussing the general idea of a massacre as a plan. Yet, Acton speaking of the role of the monarchy says it was "not a thing long and carefully planned." (See quote immediately below.) The implication was it was not premeditated by the monarchy in the common meaning of a 'thing long and carefully planned.' The focus by Acton in the quote was on the Monarchy's planning -- it had been brief. But that is no retraction of Acton's earlier view from 1869 of the church's long role in planning to instigate the monarchy to commit the massacre.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">We find this borne out if if we hunt down to what Butterfield alludes. Acton in 1895 wrote of premeditation of the massacre by the MONARCHY (not the church) as follows:</span></p>
|
||||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;" class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">The premeditation of <a title="w:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre" class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bartholomew%27s_Day_massacre">St. Bartholomew</a> has been a favourite controversy, like the <a title="Casket Letters (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Casket_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1">Casket Letters</a>; but the problem is entirely solved, although French writers, such as<a title="Author:François Guizot (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Author:Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot&action=edit&redlink=1">Guizot</a> and <a title="Author:Henri Léonard Bordier (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Author:Henri_L%C3%A9onard_Bordier&action=edit&redlink=1">Bordier</a>, believe in it; and the Germans, especially <a title="Author:Hermann Baumgarten (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Author:Hermann_Baumgarten&action=edit&redlink=1">Baumgarten</a> and <a title="Author:Ludwig Philippson (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Author:Ludwig_Philippson&action=edit&redlink=1">Philippson</a>, deny it. It is perfectly certain that it was <strong><em>not a thing long and carefully prepared</em></strong>, as was believed in Rome, and those who <strong><em>deny premeditation in the common sense of the word are in the right</em></strong>. But for ten years the court had regarded a wholesale massacre as the last resource of monarchy. Catharine herself said that<strong><em> it had been in contemplation, if opportunity offered, from the year 1562</em></strong>. Initiated observers <strong><em>expected it from that time</em></strong>; and after the conference with Alva at Bayonne, in 1565, it was universally considered probable that some of the leaders, at least, would be betrayed and killed. Two cardinals, Santa Croce and Alessandrina, announced it at Rome, and were not believed. In 1569 Catharine admitted that she had offered 50,000 crowns for the head of Coligny, and corresponding sums for others. The Archbishop of Nazareth reported to the Pope in the autumn of 1570 that the <a title="Treaty of St. Germain (1570) (page does not exist)" class="new" href="http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_St._Germain_(1570)&action=edit&redlink=1">Treaty of St. Germain</a> had been concluded with the intention of slaughtering the Protestants when they were beguiled by the favourable conditions granted them, but that the agents disobeyed. (Acton, Lectures on Modern History at<a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lectures_on_Modern_History/The_Huguenots_and_the_League"> 161</a>.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">But there is nothing here being discussed about the Roman Catholic Church's role in the massacre. Acton's last word in 1869 on its role was one of premeditation by the RCC. Hence, the <em>Wikipedia</em> article omits mention of the RCC role, and the premeditation that Acton found with itself to instigate another-- the French Monarchy--to commit this murder of innocents. And apparently relying upon an exaggerating reading of Butterfield, we have lopped off entirely in <em>Wikipedia</em> the responsible party as instigator -- the RCC. So nothing changes despite the excellent historiography by Acton -- his words are buried by obfuscation and misconstruction of what he did say.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 4.</span> <a name="pgfId=997382"></a> Von Janus [Pseud. for <a name="marker=997381"></a> J.J.I. Dollinger], "The Pope and the Council," <em>The North British Review</em> (N.Y.: Oct. 1869) Vol. 1, 67, at 70 (translation and reprint attributed to Von Janus,<em> Der Papst und Das Council</em> (Leipzig, 1869).) This was published as a book in 1870 as: Janus, <em><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JBwNAAAAYAAJ&dq=Pope%20and%20the%20Council&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Pope and the Council</a></em><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JBwNAAAAYAAJ&dq=Pope%20and%20the%20Council&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false"> </a> (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1870).</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">This was "supposed at first to be by Acton," but in fact Von Janus was actually J.J.I. Dollinger, proven by Gladstone's letter of October 10, 1869 to Dollinger. See William Gladstone,<em> The Gladstone Diaries</em> (ed. H.C.G. Matthew)(Oxford University Press, 1982) Vol. VII at 144-145. <a name="marker=997383"></a> Gladstone explained that he suffered "indignation" to whatever "curtails and disfigures within her borders the common inheritance of the Christian faith." <em>Id</em>., at 145. His next letter urges E.B. Pusey to read this Pope and the Council, as it "profoundly struck" him. Id. In the article on "<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05094a.htm">Johann Dollinger</a>," in the<em> Catholic Encyclopedia</em> (1913) V:98, it acknowledges he wrote<em> Papst</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">See also, "The Pope and the Council," <em>The North British Review</em> (1869) vol. 51 at<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cy8aAQAAIAAJ&q=Pope+and+the+Council+intitle:The+intitle:North+intitle:British+intitle:Review&dq=Pope+and+the+Council+intitle:The+intitle:North+intitle:British+intitle:Review&hl=en&ei=MTb1TP7fOZCosQOkyc2wCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ"> 127</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 5.</span> <a name="pgfId=997387"></a> "Johann Dollinger," <em>The Catholic Encyclopedia</em> (1913) Vol. 5 at 94.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 6.</span> <a name="pgfId=997392"></a> John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, <em>Selections from the Correspondence of the First Lord Acton</em> (Longman's Green, 1917) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=XHYNAAAAIAAJ&dq=Acton%20Selections%20from%20the%20Correspondence%20of%20the%20First%20Lord%20Acton%20Longman's&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false">55</a> (letter of 1879).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 7.</span> <a name="pgfId=997398"></a> See "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalberg-Acton,_1st_Baron_Acton">John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton</a>,"<em> Wikipedia</em> (2/18/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 8.</span> <a name="pgfId=997405"></a> John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, <em>Selections from the Correspondence of the First Lord Acton</em> (Longman's Gree, 1917) at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=XHYNAAAAIAAJ&dq=Acton%20Selections%20from%20the%20Correspondence%20of%20the%20First%20Lord%20Acton%20Longman's&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false">55</a>.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 8896936<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,717 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/70-calvin-subversion.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Calvin Subversion" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="coilone" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Calvin Subversion</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><span>Seek the Lord while he may be found; call upon him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts; let him return to the Lord, that He may have compassion on him, and to our God, for He will abundantly pardon. (Isaiah 55:6-7)</span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Book Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="19" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 9277" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "9277") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/component/content/3-didcalvinmurderservetus/26-calvinfreebookonline.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Background Material</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h2><a name="pgfId=547467"></a><a name="21841"></a> Calvin's' 1555 Subversion of Geneva's Democracy Repeated In The Dutch Republic of 1579<strong><a name="pgfId=484358"></a></strong></h2>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1">
|
||||
<div> </div>
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
<h3>Precedent in Servetus' Case Unleashes Calvinists to Kill Political Opponents On Specious Heresy/Blasphemy Charges</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=480825"></a> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">When Calvin and his party, mostly French, first came to Geneva, the city accepted them out of tolerance. When Calvin tried to exert a domineering influence, he was at first expelled in 1539. That year, Calvin had refused to give the entire town any communion on Easter Sunday in protest that the church Consistory could not excommunicate persons deemed `unworthy.'<sup><span class="footnote"> 1</span></sup> Rather than bow to Calvin, the city expelled him. Calvin stayed in Strasbourg for three years. In 1541, he was permitted to return.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=482853"></a> Eventually, in time, Calvin in the 1550s would wreak his revenge, and take over Geneva. Calvin would subvert the democratic institutions of Geneva, as we will see, by taking a tiny election victory in 1555, and use it to oust the old order using the precedent the Servetus' execution provided. Calvin would then create a tyrannical regime that he controlled as President of the Consistory from which charges of heresy could be filed in the criminal court which the Calvinists now undisputedly controlled.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=482647"></a> This is not denied by Calvinist scholars. This frank account of Calvin's path to tyranny by terror and subversion of democratic institutions is painstakingly demonstrated in William G. Naphy's <em>Calvin and the Consolidation of the Genevan Reformation </em>(London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003) at 182 et seq. Naphy neutrally and dispassionately recounts this shocking story.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944573"></a> As we shall see later, the Calvinists repeated this subversion of democracy in the Dutch Republic after its constitution of 1579 had promised freedom of religion.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=501383"></a> All this evil starts at its head with Calvin's criminal complaint that he filed through his assistant in 1553 against Servetus. Once the door was opened to kill a man for mere heresy, Calvinists were able to turn the power of killing opponents over to the magistrates' office at Geneva. This model was then followed in Salem, Massachussets and then again in the Dutch Republic. Because the Calvinists in 1555 dominated the Geneva magistrates on the Petit Conseil, the Calvinists used that office's power to kill as a means of using pretexts to eliminate by death their leading political opponents. The Geneva example became an example in subversion that Calvinists would repeat many subsequent times.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=482640"></a> We can trust this information on what happened in Geneva because William <a name="marker=925122"></a> Naphy's 2003 book was published by Westminster John Knox Press. This means it is released by one of the most well-known and respected publishing houses specializing on Calvinist history.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480830"></a> Moreover, for those unfamiliar with <a name="marker=925123"></a> Naphy, when he wrote this book, he was the head of the Department of History and the Director of Teaching at the School of History and History of Art at King's College at the University of Aberdeen. His book is based on an extensive study into the archives at Geneva. This included looking at the minutes of governing bodies such as the Geneva Consistory, and the criminal court including its notary records.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480847"></a> With that background, let's now examine what William Naphy had to say about the case involving <a name="marker=925121"></a> Servetus.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480855"></a> In the latter half of 1553, two new cases started which would and convulse Geneva for the remainder of the year and beyond. One, involving Michel Servetus, is undoubtedly the more famous today but of lesser importance in 1553. The premier case was Philibert <a name="marker=925120"></a> Berthelier's attempt to have the Petit Conseil overturn the ban of excommunication placed on him. The magistrates cooperated with the ministers in prosecuting Servetus while violently clashing with the ministers over the actual scope of Consistorial authority....</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480870"></a> However, there are some aspects of Servitus case in which merit examination. First,... the action against Servetus was wholly a secular affair. Servetus did not appear before the Consistory[,] and <em><strong>ministers were brought into the case as theological specialists</strong></em> to dispute Servetus' opinions. It is also useful to recall that Servetus' case followed close on the heels of the Bolsec affair which had ended unsatisfactorily from Geneva's point of view; Bolsec had simply moved to Berne and <strong><em>continued his attacks on Calvinist doctrine from there</em></strong>. The issues involved were also of much greater importance; Bolsec disagreed with Calvin on predestination while Servetus rejected traditional Trinitarian doctrine and paedobaptism....</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480889"></a> Servetus was arrested on 13 August 1553 after he was denounced by Nicolas de la Fontaine, Calvin's secretary. After an initial investigation, the lieutenant, Pierre Tissot, began the prosecution. On a 17 August, Germain Colladan appeared as a lawyer for De La Fontaine who was being held, according to Geneva law, until his accusations could be substantiated. At that point, the Lieutenant stepped aside and gave the case to his assistant, Philibert Berthelier, who was still excommunicated. The following day, for the first time, Calvin appeared as an expert witness to evaluate and refute Servetus' views. as it became apparent that Servetus would probably become <strong><em>the first person to be executed for heresy in Geneva</em></strong>, the city decided to seek advice of the other Swiss Protestant cities....[T]he Petit Conseil condemned Servetus; he was burned as a heretic the next day. (William G. Naphy, <em>Calvin and the Consolidation of the Genevan Reformation</em> (London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003) at 182-183.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480929"></a> Please note that in the above quote there simply was an indictment based solely on a complaint from Calvin's personal employee. The only witness was Calvin. The penalty doled out by the civil authorities was death.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=925085"></a> What Willie Naphy also points out is that concurrent with the Servetus' case, Berthelier -- the one Naphy just identified as one of Servetus' early prosecutors<sup><span class="footnote"> 2</span></sup> -- was battling against excommunication by Calvin's Church-run <a name="marker=925080"></a> Consistory. (<a name="marker=925077"></a> Calvin was president; this board had 6 pastors and 12 elders.) The same court that was about to rule against Servetus was simultaneously put under every unfair means of external pressure that Calvin could bring to bear to get his way. Calvin denounced their decision from the pulpit. Calvin had his allies threaten mass resignation from the criminal court (Petit Conseil) itself, to cripple its function. Naphy explains this simultaneous sub-plot involving <a name="marker=925081"></a> Berthelier who now served as one of Servetus' prosecutors:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480942"></a> The other important case of 1553, involving Berthelier, began a fortnight after Servetus's arrest. Berthelier launched a fierce assault on the Consistory's power to excommunicate. On September 1, while excommunicated, he appealed to the Petit Conseil; he asserted that magistrates had the authority to overturn the Consistory's ruling.... when the Conseil upheld its earlier ruling and supported <a name="marker=925082"></a> Berthelier, Calvin's reaction was swift, uncompromising and guaranteed to provoke a hostile response from his opponents. He presented an ultimatum against the ruling on to September and announced decision from the pulpit the next day. By 7 September all the other ministers had rallied to Calvin's inside, threatening the Council with mass resignation. <em>Id.</em>, at 184.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=925100"></a> As this debate raged over Berthelier in 1553, Calvin continually appealed on the Berthelier matter to ministers throughout Switzerland to support him while the non-Calvinist magistrates of Geneva were soliciting support from other magistrates throughout Switzerland to support themselves.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480992"></a> It turned out that the "other Swiss Protestant cities" did not support Calvin on this issue. "They clearly wished to avoid offending, but showed no desire to support his views on excommunication and ecclesiastical authority." (Naphy <em>id</em>.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480993"></a> The magistrates who so opined were clearly correct as a matter of law in the Swiss cantons. William Naphy points out that the church throughout Switzerland always insisted excommunication was a civil affair of the state, and did not belong as a power of the church. If followed in this case, the church Consistory at Geneva had no final authority to excommunicate Berthelier. This law giving the state such jurisdiction was something that the Protestant faithful had initially sought to achieve in Switzerland, apparently designed to protect the individual from loss of a perceived civil liberty at the hand of the church.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=480994"></a> The first revised ruling in the case of <a name="marker=925072"></a> Berthelier was a face saving one. The Petit Conseil insisted that Berthelier was "free to receive communion but advised that he voluntarily refrain from doing so...." <em>Id.</em>, at 185.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481011"></a> However, the ministers/pastors at the urging of Calvin would not back down. The pressure became too great:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481017"></a> Faced with the impasse created by the determined opposition of the ministers, the magistrates had little choice but to climb down unless the Petit Conseil had been willing to expel the entire company of pastors. Its members had no other option; the issue itself could not be settled. [They] were faced with historic reality that there was a practical limit to their ability to control the ministers. But simply, they had no effective means of forcing the creatures in the local supporters to give way; the best they could only hope to maintain the stalemate. <em>Id.</em>, at 186.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481030"></a> What this concurrent history with Servetus' case demonstrates is that the judicial system at Geneva was not comprised of merely civil authorities operating independent of Calvin's church. Instead, within the same civil authority of the Petit Conseil, many members of the decision-making body of the panel of magistrates were a significant number of Calvinist ministers. These ministers could vote and move as a block, and thereby pressure all the other magistrates to follow their will. The other magistrates could only hope to stalemate and check the Calvinist ministers. But such action had its practical limits because the ministers would use the pulpit to attack the magistrates for doing so.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481036"></a> In other words, the very same civil magistrates who decided the case involving Servetus were the very same group of magistrates who could not act independently of the Calvinist minister members on the Petit Conseil to assume jurisdiction over the Berthelier case of excommunication, as Geneva law had previously settled in favor of their civil jurisdiction.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481050"></a> Because these very same Calvinist ministers were being led by Calvin, this gave the denunciation of Servetus by Calvin's cook/student/secretary an enormous foot forward. There could be no realistic expectation of a fair neutral judiciary to decide the fate of Servetus.</span></p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=481073"></a> Polarization by Calvin's Troops To Gain Power to Kill</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481095"></a> William Naphy points out these disputes at the time were "all polarizing the population throughout Geneva..." He continues: "the [Calvinist] ministers were in a position to drive home their message that their opponents were godless lovers of disorder and immorality, opposed to God's truth."<em> Id.</em>, at 186-87.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481098"></a> However, in reality, Calvin was stirring up friction over any disagreement with his views. He was willing to instigate criminal prosecutions against people solely because they did not acknowledge what Calvin taught was true. Thus, what is happening in the background is Calvin is actually trying to step up and begin using the church-court to inflict punishments which previously belonged exclusively to the state: excommunication and death. Calvin was stymied in this, and thus at this juncture he is relying upon the magistrates of the town council or Petit Conseil to inflict the punishments which can give Calvin de facto authority to eliminate opponents.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481110"></a> William Naphy points out that at this juncture "Calvin repeatedly stressed his view that his opponents were arrogant man who tolerated sin and delighted in wickedness." Id., at 188. Thus, Calvin's view allowed himself to see his political opponents as simultaneously sinners worthy of at least expulsion based on the mere fact of their opposition to Calvin. This was enough to smear them as <a name="marker=925067"></a> Libertines -- a label invented solely by the Calvinists to describe the opposition. (This epithet is used so often by Calvinist apologists in historical writings that one would think there was actually a political party called the Libertines at Geneva.<sup><span class="footnote"> 3</span></sup> Alas, there was no such party. It is simply a smear systematically employed first by Calvin and then by any historian of a Calvinist-bent to describe those in opposition to Calvin. It was an epithet to demonize opponents, and hence justify what is about to be done to them in 1555 -- death and expulsion.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481114"></a> In reality, Calvin was sowing violent discord and hateful abuse on opponents rather than seeking to convince by means of persuasion.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481120"></a> Eventually, this led to political success for Calvin. The last stronghold of traditional Swiss independence crumbled as the French reformers who started as mere immigrants now took control of Geneva. For 1554 was the last time that the Swiss party was able to defeat at the polls the French immigrants led by Calvin. William Naphy explains the change:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481124"></a> The first<strong><em> dramatic sign of a shift</em></strong> in the political landscape came on 24 January 1555, a week after... [an] execution for sodomy and in the midst of the trial for [an alleged] blasphemous procession. The Conseils des Soixante and Deux Cents overruled the Petit Conseil and accepted the ministerial interpretation of the [city] ordinances about excommunication; the [Church] Consistory's <strong><em>authority to discipline was secured</em></strong>. <em>Id.,</em> at 189.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=925032"></a> In other words, in 1555, as a result of Calvin's backdoor pressure, the civil magistrate authorities overruled Swiss practice, and now ruled that the church could inflict church discipline of excommunication without approval or review by the state/the courts.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=925033"></a> Prior to this change in 1555, there was one good effect of the lack of separation of church and state in Geneva. If you wanted to express yourself freely, you had some hope that the magistrates would shield you from the Calvinist influence over the city. The Petit Conseil could suspend any penalties the church-Consistory wanted to impose. However, that last hope of independence of the civil authorities from the Calvinist party was now in collapse in 1555. The Calvinists could now have their way, forcing the magistrates to accept findings of the Calvinist church-Consistory which had authority over every citizen due to the compulsory oath to the <a name="marker=925034"></a> Confession of Faith. Once the Consistory was given independent power to inflict discipline on members, this led the Consistory under Calvin's presidency to seek to undermine any independent influence at the Petit Conseil to check its power.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481153"></a> This came about because in February 1555, the Calvinist party won a slight but decisive triumph at the polls. It was the "evidence of an <strong><em>equally decisive shift in Geneva and politics</em></strong>." (Naphy, <em>supra</em>, at 189.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481154"></a> As a consequence, Calvinists were then being appointed in greater numbers to all magistrate councils including the Petit Conseil and the superior Conseil de Deux Cents. Id., at 190.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481161"></a> As a result, William Naphy could say "all the election results of 1555 show a substantial if not overwhelming shift towards the Calvinists." Id., at 190. Nevertheless, "it is essential to stress the slim majority the Calvinist had." As a result, such a "slender majority suggested the shift in the balance of political power in Geneva without implying an overwhelming realignment of public opinion." <em>Id.</em>, at 191.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481203"></a> Then a decisive subversion took place of the Swiss rulers by the French refugees loyal to Calvin. This is what allowed the Calvinists to take complete control. It was ingenious while at the same time bordering on diabolical. William Naphy explains this in neutral tones:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481175"></a> The Calvinists were left with the problem of devising a means of securing and strengthening their position. The change they made to the councils and courts showed that they tried to entrench their supporters at every level of Geneva government.... Their greatest change was to the Conseil General.... The obvious answer to this problem [i.e., the risk of retrenchment to the Swiss traditional ruling families] was to alter the character and composition of this body in such a way as to guarantee Calvinist majorities. The method which the Calvinists chose involved the admission of substantial numbers of French refugees to the borgeoisie [entitled to vote].... The enfranchisement of a dedicated block of pro-Calvin refugees, coupled with the fortuitous chance to exile many of the opposition, gave the Calvinists just to change a desired before the next election in 1556 around 130 new bourgeois [voters] were admitted and over 50 [Swiss traditionalists] faced judicial action ranging from warnings and disenfranchisement to exile or death. In a city of 12,000 persons with an evenly divided electorate, the addition of so many new voters and the expulsion of the opposition's leadership was sufficient to alter Geneva's entire magisterial structure." (Naphy, <em>supra</em>, at 191-92.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481197"></a> In other words, by expanding French immigration, the power of the civil magistrates now fell into the hands of the Calvinists. They used this judicial power to accuse opponents of blasphemy or heresy. The effect was to then expel or kill opponents on `moral' grounds. The intention was clearly to then even more certainly centralize power and take undisputed control.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481234"></a> William <a name="marker=925008"></a> Naphy makes no bones about what was taking place. He states "there is no doubt that the admission of these bourgeois [i.e., immigrants] was a calculated political move to pack the Geneva electorate.... Recent history works have presented a very confused picture of the Calvinist victory and its aftermath. Bouwsma simply fails to give any explanation of the Calvinist triumph." Id., at 192.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481235"></a> Naphy is identifying facts which apologists for Calvin do not want to see. However, if the validity of Calvinism were not at stake, surely such Christian men would themselves be aghast over such subversive tactics to undermine a state to allow a religious faction to assume undisputed control. Such sedition and subversion of a peaceful God-fearing (Protestant) democratic community is wrong in every age and in every place. The Calvinist' desire to subvert such a city, driving out those Christians who differed from Calvin's doctrines, reveals something defective at the core of Calvinism. For in doing this, Calvinists at Geneva were transgressing the universally-recognized crime of sedition.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=546968"></a> Thus, the true Christian response is to recognize Calvin was making a calculated <a name="marker=924999"></a> Stalinesque effort to subvert a democracy, control the ballot box, and then kill and expel opponents so as to turn a democracy into a one-party regime.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481243"></a> For example, in mid-1555, Calvin criticized the Swiss traditional leaders of Geneva who had attended a sermon in a Bernese church. In that sermon, Calvin was attacked from the pulpit.<sup><span class="footnote"> 4</span></sup> Calvin was making himself a sacrosanct figure. Simultaneously, the old guard were shown what criticizing Calvin could mean. The magistrates now had André <a name="marker=924998"></a> Vulliod arrested upon Calvin's charge that Vulliod committed blasphemy. <a name="marker=924959"></a> Vulliod's statement was wholly innocuous. He simply said, "we have done a great wrong by the arrest of Jesus Christ, whom the Jews have rejected and given over to the Gentiles."<a class="footnote" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#pgfId=547012"> </a><span class="footnote"><sup>5</sup></span> Apparently, Calvin thought this was intended to criticize Calvin's arrest of all the good citizens in his grab for undisputed power. Yet, on its face, it lacks any such meaning.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=546982"></a> How did the slightest statement about Jesus end up in a blasphemy charge? Naphy explains why: the Petit Conseil (the magistrates) were now "dominated by the Calvinists..." <em>Id.</em>, at 193.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481250"></a> Then the <a name="marker=924958"></a> final shoe fell.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481252"></a> In time the magistrates began to move decisively against the [traditional Swiss rulers of Geneva]. Throughout the summer [Swiss traditionalists] were fined, exiled or sentenced to death. <em>Id.,</em> at 194.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481253"></a> A very thorough list was compiled by William Naphy of the names of the Swiss traditionalists who were resisting the Calvinists and were put under threat. It is a frightening list of numerous names where next to their name we see often "sentenced to death, fled" or "executed." Included within the this list was one of those who vigorously fought his excommunication from the communion table -- <a name="marker=924957"></a> Berthelier. Next to his name, it says "sentenced to death, fled." <em>Id.</em>, at 195.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481288"></a> By this method, it is an undisputed fact that the Calvinists resorted to brazen killing of opponents for no other reason than they were opponents of Calvinism. Yet, Calvin and his party were on a mission to usurp all aspects of city government, and then use that political power to physically drive out their political opponents from Geneva. Berthelier had said it best when his brother, Francois Daniel, was executed at Geneva in June 1555. (His crime apparently was sympathy with those executed or exiled.) <a name="marker=924956"></a> Berthelier responded to his brother's death, saying that the city was now run by murderers. (Naphy, <em>supra</em>, at 196.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481316"></a> Upon their narrow election victory of February <a name="marker=924955"></a> 1555, the Calvinists quickly completed their goal of making Geneva a totalitarian religious regime. These tightening measures also had the advantage of ensnaring anyone who was not a strict Calvinist in thought or deed. For example, one of the first orders after the narrow election victory for the Calvinists was that as of February 1555 women must now sit apart from men in church. (Naphy, <em>supra</em>, at 198.) Because attendance at church was mandatory for every resident of Geneva<sup>,<span class="footnote"> 6</span> </sup>this separation decree would test whether the non-Calvinists would submit to another level of cruel oppression.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547411"></a> Cottret records the February 1555 explanation for this decree: "It has been brought to notice here that women mix among the men and men among the women at the sermon."<sup><span class="footnote"> 7</span></sup> In consequence, the people must no longer "mix with each other," but "each should take a place only for himself." (Cottret, <em>id.,</em> at 252.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547345"></a> In March 1556, those who broke measures barring the mixing of men and women were subjected to public humiliation in the collar -- a sort of pillory.<sup><span class="footnote"> 8</span> </sup>This was in keeping with Calvin's Geneva earlier having criminalized <a name="marker=924997"></a> dancing between a man and woman.<sup><span class="footnote"> 9</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547349"></a> In 1557, further interference in matters unquestionably private involved a ban on an older woman from <a name="marker=924996"></a> marrying. This was on the theory that a marriage union which would not produce children was fornication, the Calvinists forgetting the possibility that care, comfort and mutual support (i.e., love) could also be a primary purpose of a marriage union!<sup><span class="footnote"> 10</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547353"></a> These decrees and rulings are but a small glimpse at a parade of many other <a name="marker=924949"></a> tyrannies over innocent behavior which was never criminalized in the Bible, and which even the Bible endorsed!<sup><span class="footnote"> 11</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547357"></a> Then to effectuate totalitarian control, the Consistory -- the church's governing body with <a name="marker=924954"></a> Calvin as President -- established "spies and watchmen" who were to "report to the Consistory all breaches of discipline."<sup><span class="footnote"> 12</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547319"></a> Of course, none of this was a laughing matter. For indeed, since 1550, laughter was outlawed during any sermon. The penalty: three days imprisonment.<sup><span class="footnote"> 13</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547417"></a> By 1557, Geneva had become a cheerless tyranny. No dancing. No mixing of sexes. No laughter. No light.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547288"></a> When the old Swiss<a name="marker=924950"></a> traditionalists were in a slight dominance, Calvin felt free to condemn them at every turn without fear anyone would accuse him of any un-Christian attack on those `in authority.' However, when Calvin (the Frenchman) used his fellow loyal French immigrants to subvert the city of Geneva, now anyone who spoke out against using this subversive tactic was deemed un-Christian. With the same power those new voters gave him, Calvin could use the Consistory's powers (over which he was President) to now drive out and expel anyone who spoke out. He labelled all his intended victims as political subversives or blasphemers. Calvin would now be able to rely upon his doctrine from his Institutes which taught that it is a Christian duty to submit to tyranny and not rebel. <a name="marker=924940"></a> Institutes 4:20.1 ("spiritual <a name="marker=924943"></a> liberty may very well consist with political servitude.") As a result, Calvin could now twist this principle to his advantage, so that "it was considered blasphemy to speak against the foreigners who had taken refuge at Geneva for the sake of religion."<sup><span class="footnote"> 14</span> </sup>In other words, any political speech that exposed the stratagem of how Calvin would subvert and eventually did subvert the city government was banned as blasphemy!</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481292"></a> William Naphy does not hide all the evil that was afoot by Calvin and his cohorts. These stringent policies were used to effectuate the "mass explusion of... many leading citizens" to solidify Calvin's dominion. Id., at 197. In May 1555, just over a year after Servetus' execution and on the heals of the February 1555 prohibition on mixing-of-sexes during church services and other similar tyrannies, Perrin (the leader of the Swiss traditional ruling class) tried opposing the church now taking over the entire life of Geneva. This led to a melee, Perrin's expulsion and "the execution of four of his associates."<sup><span class="footnote"> 15</span></sup> All involved were tried without the benefit of being arrested and hence the right to defend their innocence. Yet, the final decrees ordered their death.<sup><span class="footnote"> 16</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=510314"></a> William Naphy sums up the whole pernicious process of how <a name="marker=924929"></a> Calvin and his `ministers' subverted the entire city government:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=481301"></a> It is essential to recall that the margin of the Calvinists' victory [in February 1555] and electoral swing which produced it were very slight. [The Calvinists exploited this slim margin and] they were ruthlessly willing to alter the Genevan electorate to secure their grip on power: and when presented with the chance, they were able and willing to crush [sic: kill] the opposition and expel a significant number of their fellow citizens. As the next chapter will show, the Calvinists were not content with this singular victory; they used their new-found political power to sweep away much in Geneva's ruling elite. <em>Id.</em>, at 199.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=485550"></a> Ironically, Calvin had committed the very wrongs that Tyndale, a leading reformer, said the Pope and the Catholic church had done to the civil governments of Europe.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=485559"></a> In <a name="marker=924922"></a> Tyndale's <em>Answer to More,</em> Tyndale proved the Catholic church has long been corrupt because the Pope had managed to subvert temporal power. Tyndale argued the Pope has become the true ruler of Europe. The monarchs of Europe were only his servants. Yet, look at Calvin in Geneva? He had subverted the civil system, and turned it into a power-mad servant of his lusts for killing to guarantee control. Remember, real people died for mere thoughts in Geneva's Republic during Calvin's Reign of Terror.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=924797"></a> The Lesson This Teaches</h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=924798"></a> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Yet, in August 1553, Calvin's long-term strategy was not known. It was not clear how the killing of Servetus as a heretic would create a precedent -- a very dangerous precedent -- to steal the liberty of every Genevan. We cannot trust the motive of the learned or the religious when they come to take away our liberty of thought. Instead, we must guard the law from ever being used to infringe on the freedom of speech. Any such effort perverts the purpose of the law and allows the loss of every other protection offered by the law. For once a community loses freedom of thought due to overbearing laws or prosecutors, all other liberties can be destroyed. For freedom of speech is the foundation of all other liberties. Without it, all citizens are subject to the whim of the state. No one explained this principle better than Calvin himself, which proves his knowing violation of it in 1553. Prior to becoming a Christian, Calvin wrote a commentary in 1532 entitled <em>Seneca's book On Mercy</em>. There Calvin said:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=924806"></a> If there is anything free in man, it is his tongue. A man is thrust into<strong><em> utter slavery when his FREEDOM OF SPEECH is taken away.</em></strong> In a free city, says <a name="marker=924886"></a> Tiberius [Suet., Tib. 28.1], there must be free speech.<a class="footnote" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#pgfId=924842"> </a><sup><span class="footnote">17</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=924891"></a> All these words but the last sentence are Calvin's own thoughts at one time.<sup><span class="footnote">18</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=924804"></a> Thus, Calvin meant in 1532 that <strong><em>anyone who seeks to infringe on the freedom of speech of his neighbors</em></strong>, and wishes to cast them onto the fire for disagreement with their views, <strong><em>is nothing but a tyrant</em></strong> -- the enslaver of men. Ironically, these words belong to none other than Calvin himself. As our Lord Jesus said, "you will be judged by every word that comes out of your own mouth."</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944587"></a> Yet, the lesson Calvin taught in 1553-1554, not 1532, is the one that his adherents followed, with deadly consequences. Next we shall see the example of subversion at Geneva was repeated in the Dutch Republic, leading to killings of heretics and loss of religious liberty.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h1 class="Heading1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944356"></a> </span>
|
||||
<div><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><img src="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579-1.gif" /></span></div>
|
||||
</h1>
|
||||
<h2><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">Other Nightmarish Murders by Calvinists For Which Calvin's Precedent With Servetus Makes Calvin Morally Responsible</span></h2>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944358"></a> Calvin's murderous precedent with Servetus and lesson in the Defensio of 1554 lived on among his most zealous followers. The first place this repeated itself outside Geneva was in the Dutch Republic in 1618 and 1659-1661.</span></p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=948884"></a> The Dutch Republic Turns To Murder of Non-Calvinists</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=948871"></a> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;">In the <a name="marker=948870"></a> Dutch Republic, freedom of conscience was enshrined in the 1579 <a name="marker=948872"></a> Union of Utrecht. This was the Republic's basic constitutional document. Article 13 of the Union specifically stated: "each person shall remain free, especially in his religion, and that no one shall be persecuted or investigated because of their religion."</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948873"></a> However, by a series of subversions, the Calvinists gained hegemony. They began doing so in 1582 by means of censorship laws. With a Calvinist as governor over the most influential province of Holland, the Calvinists used censorship laws to persecute religious views different from strict Calvinism. As a result, the Dutch Reformed Church became the de facto but never de jure church of the Netherlands. All other denominations were suppressed.<sup><span class="footnote"> 19</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948877"></a> This persecution became murderous at Dort in 1619 and at Boston in 1656.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=948836"></a> The Murderous Council of Dort of 1618-1619</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;">The unchristian and murderous behavior of Calvin's heirs towards heretics is on full display in the Council of Dort. (The Dutch name was Dordrecht.) This council was to determine policy for Holland -- one of the seven provinces of the United Netherlands. It was not a national council of the Netherlands, even though Holland was the most influential province.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-mark="1"></span> We in the Reformed churches praise the rulings at the Council, but we are never told the same men who endorsed the five principles of Calvinism at this Council simultaneously ordered beheaded a famous pastor. This pastor's crime? He did not believe in rigid predestination. All the others who dissented from strict Calvinism were banished.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948840"></a> How could leaders of Calvinism have the gospel truth but engage in judicial murder, contrary to our Lord's words in the <a name="marker=948894"></a> Parable of the Wheat and the Tares? Our Lord commands us to make this review, and reject as an authority in the church anything taught by men guilty of such misdeeds.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948842"></a> What is particularly deplorable about the Council of Dort is that many times we are taught in the Reformed Church that this council "settled" points of doctrine within the church. The way this is depicted is one would think this was a fair-minded discussion. However, what is instead true is the dissenting group of pastors at Reformed churches who did not accept rigid predestination and "eternal assurance" doctrine<sup><span class="footnote"> 20</span></sup> were invited to have a fair discussion and vote alongside the Reformed leaders invited from eight countries.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948935"></a> The deck was stacked from the beginning. The opponents of the Arminian Remonstrants invited as voting members to this church synod a superfluity of Calvinists from eight other countries. This created a total of 86 voters who likely could be counted upon to side with the Contra-Remonstrants. At the inception, the Arminian Remonstrants were given three seats with voting rights.<sup><span class="footnote"> 21</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949145"></a> However, after arguments had been presented fairly by both sides for 26 sessions, on the 27th session everything was changed. The Synod displaced the three voting Arminians, and denied them their seats. Being forced to yield their chairs, now only the side opposing the Arminians were both the judge and witnesses.<sup><span class="footnote"> 22</span> </sup>The Arminians were cut off any longer from any ability to dispute doctrine as equals, and vote as judges. "[T]he Arminian representatives were detained and were not allowed to sit on the synod. Thus the judges were comprised entirely of individuals who had already rejected the Arminian view."<sup><span class="footnote"> 23</span> </sup>As one wry observer noted, the Arminian Remonstrants "were predestined to fail."<sup><span class="footnote">24</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949068"></a> They were displaced effectively, contrary to the entire spirit of the meeting up to that point. Their opponents alone were thereafter permitted to be seated, vote and speak. The 86 remaining voting members of the synod, including the many foreigners who had been invived, then voted "unanimously" that the displaced Remonstrants were wrong in doctrine. The 86 then made pronouncements of imprisonment, banishment and through their influence over the States General death upon one famous supporter of the Arminians. Schaff--a Calvinist and famous historian--summarizes the results:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949107"></a> The victory of orthodoxy was obscured by the succeeding deposition of about two hundred Arminian clergymen, and by the preceding though independent arrest of the political leaders of the Remonstrants, at the instigation of [Prince] Maurice. Grotius was condemned by the States-General to perpetual imprisonment, but escaped through the ingenuity of his wife (1621). Van Olden Barneveldt was unjustly condemned to death for alleged high-treason, and beheaded at the Hague (May 14, 1619). His sons took revenge in a fruitless attempt against the life of Prince Maurice. (Schaff, <em>Creeds of Christendom</em>, Vol. I, 514.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948843"></a> Hence, the Council of Dort is not a ruling we can raise as an honorable event, as is still done today in Calvinist denominations.<sup><span class="footnote"> 25</span></sup> Instead, it was conference tainted by murder, tyranny and oppression. The ones following the arguments of Arminius were, as the Freewill Baptist Quarterly relates, "persecuted with inveterate malice."<sup><span class="footnote"> 26</span></sup> All these 200 ministers in dissent from strict Calvinism "were accordingly silenced in their churches, or forced into exile" in the state of Holland. Id.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949189"></a> In <em>Historia Quinquarticularis</em> (London: 1650), the famous English preacher Peter Heylin, D.D. (1600-1662) commented that at the Synod of Dort ".... what the Contra Remonstrants (strict Calvinists) wanted in strength, they made good by power .. they prosecuted their Opponents in their several Consistories, by suspensions, excommunications, and Deprivations, the highest Censures of the church."<sup><span class="footnote"> 27</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948940"></a> As one dispassionate summary states:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948850"></a> If we pass over into Holland [i.e., one of the seven provinces of the Netherlands], we shall also find that the reformers there, were, most of them, in the principles and measures of persecution.... the most outrageous<strong><em> quarrel </em></strong>of all was that between the Calvinists and Arminians.... The moment the two parties had thus got a dogma to dispute upon, the controversy became irreconcilable, and was conducted with the <em><strong>most outrageous violence</strong></em>. The ministers of the predestinarian party would enter into no treaty; the remonstrants [non-Calvinists] were the objects of their furious zeal, whom they denominated, mamalukes, devils and plagues;<strong><em> animating the magistrates to destroy them</em></strong>; and when the time of the new elections drew near, they prayed to God for such men as would be zealous, even to blood, though it were to cost the whole trade of their cities. At length, a synod being assembled, acted in the usual manner; they laid down the principles of faith with confidence, condemned the doctrine of the remonstrants; <em><strong>deprived their antagonists of all their offices</strong></em>; and concluded by humbly beseeching God and their high mightinesses, to put their decrees into execution, and to ratify the doctrine they had expressed. The states obliged them in this Christian and charitable request, for as soon as the synod was concluded, <em><strong>Barnwelt</strong></em> [Dutch: John of Olden Barneveld], a friend of the remonstrants and their opinions, <em><strong>was beheaded</strong></em>,<sup><span class="footnote"> 28</span></sup> and <a name="marker=948851"></a> <em><strong>Grotius condemned to perpetual imprisonment</strong></em>; and because the dissenting ministers would not promise wholly, and always to abstain from the exercise of their religious functions, the states passed a resolution for <em><strong>banishing them</strong></em>, on pain, if they did not submit to it, of being treated as disturbers of the public peace." (J.J. Stockdale, <em>The History of the Inquisitions </em>(1810) at xxviii, xxix.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949161"></a> Yet, one often hears Calvinists claiming the Council of Dort was an ecumenical council, with broadminded input that then `settled' certain thorny issues, as if in a dispassionate manner. However, as the Court in <em>Groesbeeck v. Dunscomb</em> (New York Practice Reports, 1871), said, such a depiction of the Council of Dort as an "ecumenical council... wholly misrepresents" those proceedings. Instead, "it is perfectly notorious that it never pretended to settle doctrines of the Christian communion, but only some miserable controversies between Calvinists and Arminians." (Id. at 314). Some members of the church of England were invited, but they were without power of that church to commit to anything. "The decrees of the synod were never accepted in England, and were vigorously opposed by both the king and the archbishop of Canterbury."<em> Id</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949162"></a> In England, the condemnation of the Council of Dort long echoed throughout history. Samuel Parr (1747-1825) wrote that we are "shocked at the vindictive dispositions of those who presided at the Council of Dort."<sup><span class="footnote"> 29</span></sup> He went on:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Quote" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948857"></a> In England, we are disgusted by the sullen obstinancy of some puritans, at the brutal ferocity of others, and at the insolent domination of their headstrong and infuriated oppressors. <em>Id</em>.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=949177"></a> The horrors of the Council of Dort are thus more of the terrible legacy of Calvin.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=948751"></a> Calvinist Death Penalties At Boston: 1659-1661</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=948752"></a><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"> In 1656, the Quakers of Boston were threatened by death by the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC)--a Dutch chartered corporation which means it was directly controlled by the Dutch Republic. In 1656, Endicott, the MBC governor, threatened the Quakers<sup><span class="footnote"> 30</span> </sup>with the death penalty if they resisted the Dutch Reformed Church as the sole lawful church. "Take heed," he said, "ye break not our ecclesiastical laws, for then ye are sure to stretch by a halter."<sup><span class="footnote"> 31</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=948759"></a> The Dutch rulers were serious. Four Quakers were executed thereafter solely for their beliefs. These became known as the <a name="marker=948760"></a> Boston Martyrs. Three were English members of the Society of Friends (Quakers): Marmaduke Stephenson, William Robinson and Mary Dyer. The forth was the Friend William Leddra of Barbados. Each were "condemned to death and executed by public hanging for their religious beliefs under the legislature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1659, 1660 and 1661."<sup><strong>3</strong></sup><span class="footnote"><sup><strong>2</strong></sup></span></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3 class="Heading2"><a name="pgfId=944596"></a> Murders by Calvinist Pilgrims of Massachusets: 1620-1693.</h3>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><a name="pgfId=944597"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> In Massachusetts -- murderous Calvinists known as <a name="marker=944598"></a> Separatists (aka Dissenters) engaged in what is nothing less than mass murder. These were Puritans who morphed into `Separatist' <a name="marker=944599"></a> Pilgrims but who were still Calvinist Puritans in doctrine.<sup><span class="footnote"> 33</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944607"></a> In Salem, they restarted the pattern of Geneva. At first, they landed peaceably at Salem, Massachusetts from 1620-1630. Gradually, they passed laws that expelled "from the territory all those who did not profess what they called the orthodox faith" -- sending Priests, Quakers and other Protestants to resettle elsewhere.<sup><span class="footnote"> 34</span> </sup>But then by 1692-1693, this turned ugly. The violent practices of Geneva revived in Salem. During those two years, the church there initiated discipline over church members that resulted in the killing of 29 women as alleged <a name="marker=944611"></a> witches. (These were largely church-goers.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944612"></a> The Pilgrim-Puritan/Calvinist party saw themselves as in a new type of Geneva: "the Puritans [of Salem] had established a type of theocracy... in which the church ruled in all civil matters, including that of administering capital punishment for violations of a spiritual nature."<sup><span class="footnote"> 35</span></sup></span></p>
|
||||
<p class="BodyAfterHead"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944616"></a> Thus, one sees here the Salem Church, like the Church Consistory of Geneva under Calvin, arrogated to itself the right to impose punishment upon church members. These punishments included death. This was in reliance on the practices that Calvin inaugurated at Geneva. Hence, we see once more that Calvin's misdeeds suffered repetition. The reason it took so long to undo this pattern is that Calvin's defenders over the Servetus Affair continued to promote the power of the church to kill those in dissent or who were perceived as heretics. Calvin bears on his ledger all those murdered at Salem as well.</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Body"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=944594"></a></span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<div class="footnotes">
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 1.</span> <a name="pgfId=925135"></a> See <a class="XRef" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#10919"> </a> and accompanying text.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 2.</span> <a name="pgfId=925104"></a> Berthelier was soon replaced. Calvin's modern apologists deceptively argue that Berthelier was the "attorney of Servetus," but in fact he was the prosecutor. However, he favored applying the law as currently written -- a punishment of expulsion. Consequently, at this early juncture before Calvin appeared as a witness, it very much appeared that the court would be inclined to simply banish Servetus. After Calvin appeared as a witness and began testifying, the prosecutorial team was reshuffled, and Berthelier was no longer involved, and now the penalty under discussion gradually shifted to death. Hence, one may infer that Berthelier was in favor of allowing Servetus to be banished. Given his own struggles against Calvin, one could foresee Berthelier being mild to Servetus.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 3.</span> <a name="pgfId=937731"></a> For a deplorable example of such `historical writing, see "The Burning of Michael Servetus," at http://www.albatrus.org/english/potpourri/historical/burning_of_servetus.htm (accessed 6/29/08).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 4.</span> <a name="pgfId=924961"></a> The Pastor of Berne, <a name="marker=924981"></a> Haller, strongly regarded Calvin's doctrine on predestination as virtually blasphemy of God's good nature. See <a class="XRef" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#31822"> </a> , and accompanying text.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 5.</span> <a name="pgfId=547012"></a> Amédée Roget, <em>Histoire du peuple de Genève depuis la réforme jusqu'à l'escalade</em> (Geneva, J. Jullien, 1877) Vol. IV at 170 explains this incident in French: "By Le 10, André Vulliod, citoyen et notaire, est dénoncé par Calvin et les ministres comme coupable de blasphème. Ce personnage avait dit que «nous avons grand tort de nous arrester à Jésus-Christ, lequel les Juifs ont reffusé et livré aux gentils;» on lui reprochait aussi de s'être ingéré à recevoir la Cène, bien qu'elle lui eût été défendue. Il est banni pour trois ans par arrêt du Conseil."</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 6.</span> <a name="pgfId=547337"></a> "Lives of Calvin," <em>London Quarterly</em> (March 1809) at 286 ("Attendance at sermons was rigidly insisted upon.")</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 7.</span> <a name="pgfId=547262"></a> Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) at 252.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 8.</span> <a name="pgfId=547181"></a> Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) at 253.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 9.</span> <a name="pgfId=547149"></a> Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) -- a sympathetic work to Calvin -- mentions the following facts:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547157"></a> [1] in April 1546, Ami <a name="marker=924952"></a> Perrin was put on trial for refusing to testify against several friends who were allegedly guilty of having <a name="marker=924953"></a> danced. She was incarcerated for refusal to testify. (Id., at 189.)</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547158"></a> [2] on Thursday, June 23, 1547, several women are tried for having danced, this time including Ami Perrin. (<em>Id</em>., at 189.)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 10.</span> <a name="pgfId=547276"></a> Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) at 253 ("The age of marriage depended on the ability to procreate. The union of the widow <a name="marker=924948"></a> Claude Richardot, said to be seventy years of age, with her servant Jean Archard, a "youngster of twenty-five or twenty-six" was forbidden. The Council gave the following decision (Tuesday, January 5, 1557): `Such a union would be against nature, and rather to support fornication than the marriage state, which should be kept holy....[T]he servant wanted to take his mistress, not for the principal objects of marriage, to have descendents or for reproduction or other comforts, but for riches. So that it is not according to God.")</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 11.</span> <a name="pgfId=547200"></a> In <a name="marker=924930"></a> Exodus 15:20, Miriam was <a name="marker=924941"></a> dancing to celebrate the victory God's power had brought at the Red Sea. In <a name="marker=924942"></a> 2 Samuel 6:12-16, it recounts David "danced before the Lord" to celebrate the Ark of the Covenant being brought back to Jerusalem. <a name="marker=924931"></a> Psalm 149:3 & <a name="marker=924932"></a> 150:4 mention that we can praise or worship God through dance. There is no prohibition in the Law or Prophets or in Jesus' words on a man and woman dancing.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 12.</span> <a name="pgfId=547311"></a> "Lives of Calvin," <em>London Quarterly</em> (March 1809) at 286.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 13.</span> <a name="pgfId=547326"></a> "Lives of Calvin," <em>London Quarterly</em> (March 1809) at 286 ("To <a name="marker=924933"></a> laugh during a sermon was a matter which drew after it three days' imprisonment.")</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 14.</span> <a name="pgfId=547295"></a> "Lives of Calvin," <em>London Quarterly</em> (March 1809) at 286.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 15.</span> <a name="pgfId=510293"></a> David Sloan Wilson, <em>Darwin's Cathedral: Evolution, Religion, and the Nature of Society</em> (University of Chicago Press, 2002) at 115.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 16.</span> <a name="pgfId=547392"></a> According to Bernard Cottret, <em>Calvin: A Biography</em> (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000) -- who is sympathetic to Calvin we learn at page 198, the following facts:</span></p>
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a name="pgfId=547381"></a> On Monday, June 3, <a name="marker=924951"></a> 1555, several leading citizens were judged without even their presence in court or being put under arrest for the melee of May 1555. In that melee they were in protest against the new tyrranical laws. <a name="marker=924923"></a> Perrin was condemned to have the hand of his right arm cut off, i.e., the hand with which he grabbed the baton that represented the church-head's (syndic's) office. He and those involved in the melee were condemned to decapitation. Then the heads and Perrin's hand were to be nailed up in public and he and his friends' bodies were to be cut into four quarters. The brothers <a name="marker=924924"></a> Comparet received the sentence of decapitation and their bodies were also to be quartered. In response, most fled. Those who refused to be intimidated, and stayed eventually were executed. Two other men, Claude Galloys and Girard Thomas, were put in a sort of pillory in two different parts of town. Galloys also received the sentence of having to carry a torch and ask for mercy. <a name="marker=924927"></a> Berthelier's brother Francois-Daniel was among the victims of the repression. At the same time, <a name="marker=924928"></a> Calvin completely justified the severity of these sentences.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 17.</span> <a name="pgfId=924842"></a> John Calvin, <em>Commentary on Seneca's De Clementia</em> (1532) (Battles/Hugo translation)(1969) at 141.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 18.</span> <a name="pgfId=924903"></a> See <a class="XRef" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#22674"> </a> .</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 19.</span> <a name="pgfId=948876"></a> See our oline article http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/Lessons/Dutch %20 Republic%20 %20 Calvinist%20subversion %20of%20 freedom%20of%20religion.pdf.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 20.</span> <a name="pgfId=949039"></a> More specifically, the Remonstrants, as they were also called, were Reformed Pastors who taught election on the basis of foreseen faith, a universal atonement, resistible grace, and the possibility of lapse from grace. Schaff points out that the five points of the Remonstrants later became tenets of Wesley's Methodists and the Episcopalian Church. (Schaff, Creeds, Vol. I, 516.)</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 21.</span> <a name="pgfId=949147"></a> http://arminiantoday.blogspot.com/2007/09/synod-of-dort.html (accessed July 6, 2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 22.</span> <a name="pgfId=948922"></a> William A. McComish, <em>The Epigones: A Study of the Theology of the Genevan Academy at the Time of the Synod of Dort</em> (Pickwick Publications, 1989) at 59.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 23.</span> <a name="pgfId=949058"></a> "Synod of Dort," <em>Wikipedia</em>, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Dort (accessed July 6, 2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 24.</span> <a name="pgfId=949095"></a> Dewar, M.W., "The British Delegation at the Synod of Dort - 1618-1619," <em>The Evangelical Quarterly </em>(Ap-Je, 1974) 46: 103-16.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 25.</span> <a name="pgfId=948846"></a> If it is binding, then why do we not follow all its rulings? "Christmas, Easter, Ascension...holydays are all denounced by the assembly at Dort...." <em>Groesbeeck v. Dunscomb</em> (New York Practice Reports, 1871) at 302, 344.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 26.</span> <a name="pgfId=948849"></a> "The First Chapter of Ephesians, or Personal Predestination," <em>Freewill Baptist Quarterly</em> (Oct. 1868) at 388, 397.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 27.</span> <a name="pgfId=948959"></a> William A. McComish, <em>The Epigones: A Study of the Theology of the Genevan Academy at the Time of the Synod of Dort </em>(Pickwick Publications, 1989) at 48.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 28.</span> <a name="pgfId=948975"></a> McCormish calls this "a shameful judicial murder, when John of Olden Barneveld, the foremost citizen of the Netherlands, after forty years of the noblest public service, was beheaded on an absurd charge of treason...." McComish, <em>The Epigones: A Study of the Theology of the Genevan Academy at the Time of the Synod of Dort </em>(Pickwick Publications, 1989) at 124-25. He was killed</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 29.</span> <a name="pgfId=949165"></a> Samuel Parr, LL.D, <em>The Works of Samuel Parr</em> (Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1828) at 212.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 30.</span> <a name="pgfId=948755"></a> "The Friends believed that God's grace did not filter through the hierarchy of the religious elite, but reached each person directly. In taking this theological approach, the Quakers bypassed the authority of clergy and rulers, and recognized that the common person could be elevated to the `priesthood of all believers.' This rendered the current cultural order obsolete and formed the core ideal of the American republic that would arise more than a century later." "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the Liberty Magazine, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 31.</span> <a name="pgfId=948758"></a> "The Flushing Remonstrance" in the <em>Liberty Magazine</em>, available online at http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/532/1/86/ (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 32.</span> <a name="pgfId=948763"></a> "Boston Martyrs," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs (accessed 7/5/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 33.</span> <a name="pgfId=944603"></a> The difference between a <a name="marker=944602"></a> Puritan and a Pilgrim is simple. A Puritan wanted to purify the Anglican church. The Pilgrim was a Puritan who gave up the effort, and decided a life of pilgrimage to others lands to live a Christian life. See <a class="XRef" href="file:///C:/JWOPDF/Lessons/Calvin%201555%20Subversion%20of%20Geneva%20Democracy%20Repeated%20in%201579.html#36936"> </a> . Hence, Pilgrims were known as Puritans who separated from the Anglican church. See http://www.pilgrimhall.org/PSNoteNewPilgrimPuritan.htm (2/24/2008).</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 34.</span> <a name="pgfId=944610"></a> These are the editor's words in a footnote to Thomas Paine, <em>The Theological Works</em> (J.P.Mendum: 1859) at 181.</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footnote">
|
||||
<p class="Footnote"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="footnoteNumber"> 35.</span> <a name="pgfId=944615"></a> "Salem Witch Trials," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_witch_trials (accessed 2/18/2008). "Much, but not all, of the evidence used against the accused was `spectral evidence,' or the testimony of the afflicted who claimed to see the apparition or the shape of the person who was allegedly afflicting them." Id. The Rev. William Milbourne, a Baptist minister in Boston, publicly petitioned the General Assembly in early June 1692, challenging the use of spectral evidence by the Court. Milbourne had to post 200£ bond or be arrested for "contriving, writing and publishing the said scandalous Papers." Id. To the same effect was the petition on June 15, 1692 of twelve local ministers including Increase Mather, Samuel Willard, and Cotton Mather. It was entitled The Return of several Ministers to the Governor and Council in Boston, cautioning the authorities not to rely entirely on the use of spectral evidence, stating, "Presumptions whereupon persons may be Committed, and much more, Convictions whereupon persons may be Condemned as Guilty of Witchcrafts, ought certainly to be more considerable, than barely the Accused Persons being Represented by a Spectre unto the Afflicted."</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 8897125<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
489
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html
Normal file
489
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html
Normal file
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book/401-music-store-manager.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Music Store Manager" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="DJD" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Music Store Manager</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >"It is not in the epistles we learn the fundamentals. We shall find those necessary points best in the preaching of our Savior." (John Locke (1696).)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="14" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 2757" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "2757") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Download e-Book</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<p><span style="color: #0000ff; font-size: large;">Music Picks</span></p>
|
||||
<p>You can play clips of each of the recommended songs through Amazon's website. </p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&field-keywords=big%20daddy%20weave%20only%20jesus&url=search-alias%3Ddigital-music">Big Daddy Weave "Only Jesus"</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /> </p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&rh=n%3A5174%2Ck%3Acasting%20crowns%20jesus%20friends%20of%20sinners&field-keywords=casting%20crowns%20jesus%20friends%20of%20sinners&url=search-alias%3Dpopular" style="line-height: 1.3em;">Casting Crowns "Jesus Friend of Sinners" - "heart divided" now turns to Jesus / "break our heart for what breaks yours"</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /></p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&rh=n%3A5174%2Ck%3AChristine%20Young%20amazing%20love&field-keywords=Christine%20Young%20amazing%20love&url=search-alias%3Dpopular">Christine Young "I am Forgiven" because "my King would die for me"</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /></p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&field-keywords=mullins%20awesome%20god&url=search-alias%3Ddigital-music">Rich Mullins "Awesome God"</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /> </p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&rh=n%3A5174%2Ck%3Ablessed%20be%20the%20name%20of%20the%20lord&field-keywords=blessed%20be%20the%20name%20of%20the%20lord&url=search-alias%3Dpopular&sprefix=blessed%20be%20the%20name%20of%20the%20lord%2Cpopular%2C207">Matt Redman "Blessed Be The Name of the Lord"</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /></p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Atomlin%20indescribable&field-keywords=tomlin%20indescribable&url=search-alias%3Daps">Chris Tomlin "Indescribable" (Amazing God)</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /></p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Achris%20tomlin%20our%20god&field-keywords=chris%20tomlin%20our%20god&url=search-alias%3Daps">Chris Tomlin "Our God" (is Greater, None Like Him)</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /></p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&%2AVersion%2A=1&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&%2Aentries%2A=0">Newsboys "Way Beyond Myself"</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /> </p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Anewsboys%20born%20again&field-keywords=newsboys%20born%20again&url=search-alias%3Daps">Newsboys "Born Again" - a repentance-based experienced dramatically sung!</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /> </p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&field-keywords=u2%2040&url=search-alias%3Daps">U2 "Psalm 40" - verbatim quoted set to light rock tune</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /></p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&field-keywords=yahweh%20u2&url=search-alias%3Ddigital-music" style="line-height: 1.3em;">U2 "Yahweh"</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /></p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&field-keywords=faith%20hill%20there%20will%20come%20a%20day&url=search-alias%3Ddigital-music">Faith Hill "There Will Come A Day"</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /></p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&field-keywords=chris%20sligh&url=search-alias%3Ddigital-music" style="line-height: 1.3em;">Chris Sligh "Only You Can Save"</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /> </p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Atomlin%20holy%20is%20the%20lord&field-keywords=tomlin%20holy%20is%20the%20lord&url=search-alias%3Daps">Chris Tomlin "Holy is the Lord" Almighty</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /> </p>
|
||||
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&tag=wwwjesuswords-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=390957&rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Amercy%20me%20i%20can%20only%20imagine&field-keywords=mercy%20me%20i%20can%20only%20imagine&url=search-alias%3Daps">Mercy Me "I Can Only Imagine" - dream of obesiance to King Jesus</a><img src="https://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=wwwjesuswords-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" /></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book/461-sarit-hadad-shema-israel.html">Sadit Hadad "S'hma Israel" (Hear Oh Israel)</a> - Hebrew stirring modern Psalm in worship to Almighty. Click the blue title, and this will bring you to our webpage with You Tube links and Hebrew transliteration for sing-along, and English translation.</p>
|
||||
<p> </p>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1169360<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book/461-sarit-hadad-shema-israel.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Sarit Hadad Shema Israel" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="DJD" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the sole inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Sarit Hadad Shema Israel</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >"It is not in the epistles we learn the fundamentals. We shall find those necessary points best in the preaching of our Savior." (John Locke (1696).)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Search</h3>
|
||||
<form action="index.php" method="post">
|
||||
<div class="searchS1">
|
||||
<input name="searchword" id="mod_search_searchword" maxlength="20" alt="Search" class="inputboxS1" type="text" size="20" value="search..." onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value='search...';" onfocus="if(this.value=='search...') this.value='';" /> </div>
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_search" />
|
||||
<input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="14" />
|
||||
</form> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 265" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "265") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
|
||||
<p><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book/401-music-store-manager.html">Only Jesus</a> (great song by Big Daddy)</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20?node=1&page=2">What Did Jesus Say?</a> (2012) - 7 topics </p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/justjesus0ece-20">Just Jesus: His Living Words (2011)</a></p>
|
||||
<p>None above affiliated with me</p> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html"><img alt="JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsOnS-cropsmall.jpg" width="116" height="117" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html"><img alt="JesusWordsSalv-crop2" src="/images/stories/JesusWordsSalv-crop2.jpg" width="114" height="146" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="module">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><img src="/images/stories/DidCalvinMurderServetusM.jpg" alt="DidCalvinMurderServetusM" height="NaN" width="120" /></a> </div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Download e-Book</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<h1>Sarit Hadad Shma Israel - "Hear Oh Israel"</h1>
|
||||
<p>Sarit has rendered a stirring and beautiful modern Psalm in the same spirit of David for suffering, turning to God for strength. Here is a<a href="http://youtu.be/HQlRrrReua0" style="line-height: 1.3em;"> Link</a> to one You Tube video. (I could not find it on Amazon or for download anywhere.) Here is another <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TH5TbQfV0II">Link</a> to a Spanish-translation subtitle version with Sarit herself singing dressed as an angel.</p>
|
||||
<p>You can sing along using the Hebrew transliteration below, and if you rely upon the English "Machine" Translation from Lyrics Translate at this <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html" style="line-height: 1.3em;">link</a>, which is copied below, you can appreciate the sentiments:</p>
|
||||
<h1>Shma Israel</h1>
|
||||
<div id="new_selection_block0.261652952991426" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; border: none;">
|
||||
<div id="translittab" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; height: 20px;"><a id="link0" class="activel" style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdb; font-size: 11px; line-height: 20px;">Original</a><a id="link1" style="margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdb; font-size: 11px; line-height: 20px;">Transliteration</a></div>
|
||||
<div id="content0" class="contenttr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Kshehalev bohe rak elokim shomea<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hake-ev ole metoh haneshama<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Adam nofel lifne shehu shokea<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Vetfilat ktana hoteh et hadmama</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma Israel elohay ata hakol yahol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Natata li et hayay natata li hakol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Beenay dima halev bohe besheket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Oo'kshe halev shotek haneshama zo-eket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Shma Israel elohay ahshav ani levad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hazek oti elokay asse shelo efhad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hake-ev gadol veen lean livroah<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Asse shehigamer ki lo notar bi koah</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Kshehalev bohe hazman omed milehet<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Adam roeh et kol hayav pitom<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />El halo noda hu lo rotse lalehet<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Le elokav kore al saf tehom</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma Israel elokay ata hakol yahol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Natata li et hayay natata li hakol<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Beenay dima halev bohe besheket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Ookshe halev shotek haneshama zo-eket<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Shma Israel elohay ahshav ani levad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hazek oti elohay asse shelo efhad<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Hake-ev gadol ve-en lean livroah<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Asse shehigamer ki lo notar bi koah</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" data-mce-mark="1"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Read more at <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #003399;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99">http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99</a></span></div>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com">http://lyricstranslate.com</a><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></span></p>
|
||||
<div id="new_selection_block0.7835194715298712" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; border: none;">
|
||||
<h2 class="title-h2" style="margin: 8px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.3em; color: #000000; height: 26px;">Shma Israel</h2>
|
||||
<div id="translittab" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; height: 20px;">When the heart cries</div>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">only God hears<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The pain rises out of the soul<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />A man falls down before he sinks down<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />With a little prayer (he) cuts the silence</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma (Hear) Israel my God,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />you're the omnipotent<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />You gave me my life,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />you gave me everything</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">In my eyes a tear,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />the heart cries quietly<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />And when the heart is quiet,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />the soul screams</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">Shma (Hear) Israel my God,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />now I am alone<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Make me strong my God;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />make it that I won't be afraid</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">The pain is big,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />and there's no where to run away<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />End it because I can't take it anymore<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />(make the end of it because I have no more energy left within me)</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px;">When the heart cries,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Time stands still<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />All of a sudden, the man sees his entire life<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />He doesn't want to go to the unknown<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />He cries to his God right before a big fall</p>
|
||||
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Read more at <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #003399;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99">http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Shma-Israel-Shma-Israel.html#fdgaXysxe6kyeMj2.99</a></span><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #663399; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></a><a href="http://lyricstranslate.com">http://lyricstranslate.com</a><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"></span>
|
||||
<div id="new_selection_block0.7835194715298712" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; border: none;">
|
||||
<h2 class="title-h2" style="margin: 8px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.3em; color: #000000; height: 26px;"> </h2>
|
||||
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
|
||||
</div>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 1330187<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
434
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html
Normal file
434
books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" >
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html" />
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||||
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
|
||||
<meta name="keywords" content="Jesus Words, Jesus Words Only, Jesus Words on Salvation, Did Calvin Murder Servetus, Flaws of Young Earth Science, Ingenious Design, Apostle Paul, False Apostle Paul" />
|
||||
<meta name="title" content="Did Calvin Murder Servetus? - Amazon" />
|
||||
<meta name="author" content="LauraLee Arnet" />
|
||||
<meta name="description" content="Jesus Words Only focuses on the words of Jesus as the inspired portion of the New Testament Scripture" />
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management" />
|
||||
<title>Purchase "Did Calvin Murder Servetus" from Amazon</title>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/mootools.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/media/system/js/caption.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/system.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/system/css/general.css" type="text/css" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/template_css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/style1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if IE]>
|
||||
<link href="/templates/js_relevant/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
<!--[if lte IE 6]>
|
||||
<style type="text/css">
|
||||
img { behavior: url(/templates/js_relevant/js/iepngfix.htc); }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
<![endif]-->
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="main-wrapper">
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="header_graphic">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div id="newsflash"> <div class="moduletable">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" ><p><span style="color: #001320; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; background-color: #fdfeff;">He that turns away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer shall be abomination. Prov. 28:9 KJV</span></p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top" >
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h1><a href="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/" title="Relevant">Relevant</a></h1>
|
||||
<h2>A Joomla! Template for the Rest of Us</h2>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="menubar">
|
||||
<div id="navmenu">
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/js_relevant/js/barmenu.js"></script>
|
||||
<ul class="menu"><li><a href="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books.html" class="haschild"><span>Books</span></a><ul><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words Only</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordsonly/jesus-words-only-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation.html" class="child"><span>Jesus' Words on Salvation</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/jesuswordssalvation/jesus-word-on-salvation-amazon.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="child"><span>Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/background-material-did-calvin-murder-servetus.html"><span>Background Material</span></a></li><li id="current" class="active"><a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus/purchase-from-amazoncom.html"><span>Purchase from Amazon.com</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible.html" class="child"><span>How Not to Study the Bible</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/hownottosudythebible/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience.html" class="child"><span>Flaws of Young Earth Science</span></a><ul><li><a href="/books/flawsofyoungearthscience/download-e-book.html"><span>Download e-Book</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/books/unintended-disservice.html"><span>Unintended Disservice</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/original-gospel-of-matthew.html"><span>Original Gospel of Matthew</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/commands-of-jesus.html"><span>Commands of Jesus</span></a></li><li><a href="/books/gospel-of-john.html"><span>Gospel of John</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/recommendedreading.html"><span>Further Reading</span></a></li><li><a href="/media.html"><span>Media</span></a></li><li class="haschild"><a href="/reviews.html" class="haschild"><span>Reviews</span></a><ul><li><a href="/reviews/jwo-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words Only</span></a></li><li><a href="/reviews/jwos-reviews.html"><span>Jesus Words on Salvation</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/contactus.html"><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/jwoogm-20"><span>Amazon Shop</span></a></li><li><a href="/topicindex.html"><span>Topic Index</span></a></li><li><a href="/aboutauthor.html"><span>About Author</span></a></li><li><a href="/newsletters.html"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="mainbody">
|
||||
<div id="showcasetop"> </div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table width="940" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td id="leftcol" valign="top" width="200">
|
||||
<div class="inside">
|
||||
<div class="moduleS1">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3>Questions?</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your questions, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. As an anti-spam measure, we ask that you re-type the code you see in the box below, prior to clicking "Send Message"<br /><br />
|
||||
|
||||
<form name="s5_quick_contact" method="post" action="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="namebox" onclick="s5_qc_clearname()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearname()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Name..." name="name"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="emailbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearemail()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearemail()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Email..." name="email"></input><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="subjectbox" onclick="s5_qc_clearsubject()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearsubject()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Subject..." name="subject"></input><br />
|
||||
<textarea id="messagebox" rows="" cols="" class="inputbox textarea" onclick="s5_qc_clearbody()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearbody()" style="font-size:11px; font-family:arial; overflow:auto;width:80%; height:55px" name="message">Your Message...</textarea><br />
|
||||
<input class="inputbox" id="spambox" onclick="s5_qc_clearspam()" onfocus="s5_qc_clearspam()" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; font-family:arial; width:80%" type="text" value="Enter The Code 9683" name="verif_box"></input><br />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input id="email_address" type="hidden" value="" name="email_address"></input>
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="button" type="button" onclick="s5_qc_submit()" value="Send Message" ></input>
|
||||
</form>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
|
||||
// <![CDATA[
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_qc_spam_text = document.getElementById("spambox").value;
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearbody() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearname() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearemail() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearsubject() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject...") {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value = s5_qc_spam_text;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_clearspam() {
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("spambox").value="";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("namebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("namebox").value = "Name...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("emailbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("emailbox").value = "Email...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("messagebox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("messagebox").value = "Your Message...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("subjectbox").value.length < 1) {
|
||||
document.getElementById("subjectbox").value = "Subject...";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_isValidEmail(str_email) {
|
||||
if (str_email.indexOf(".") > 2 && str_email.indexOf("@") > 0) {
|
||||
alert('Your email is now being submitted - Thank you!');
|
||||
document.s5_quick_contact.submit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
alert('Your email address is not valid, please check again - Thank you!');
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function s5_qc_submit() {
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value == s5_qc_spam_text || document.getElementById("subjectbox").value == "Subject..." || document.getElementById("namebox").value == "Name..." || document.getElementById("emailbox").value == "Email..." || document.getElementById("messagebox").value == "Your Message...") {
|
||||
alert('All fields are required, please complete the form - Thank you!');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.getElementById("spambox").value != "9683") {
|
||||
alert('Your spam verification answer is incorrect.');
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var s5_message_holder = document.getElementById("messagebox").value;
|
||||
var s5_first_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(0);
|
||||
var s5_second_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(1);
|
||||
var s5_third_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(2);
|
||||
var s5_fourth_message_char = s5_message_holder.charAt(3);
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "<") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "w" && s5_second_message_char == "w" && s5_third_message_char == "w") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_first_message_char == "h" && s5_second_message_char == "t" && s5_third_message_char == "t") {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (s5_message_holder.indexOf("s5_qc_null") >= 0) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
else {
|
||||
document.getElementById("email_address").value = "info@jesuswordsonly.com";
|
||||
var email_str = document.getElementById("emailbox").value;
|
||||
s5_qc_isValidEmail(email_str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ]]>
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="maincol" valign="top">
|
||||
<div id="breadcrumbs">
|
||||
<span class="breadcrumbs pathway">
|
||||
<a href="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books.html" class="pathway">Books</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/books/didcalvinmurderservetus.html" class="pathway">Did Calvin Murder Servetus?</a> <img src="/templates/js_relevant/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> Purchase from Amazon.com</span>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<table class="contentpaneopen">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td valign="top">
|
||||
<iframe src="http://astore.amazon.com/wwwjesuswords-20" frameborder="0" height="1000" scrolling="no" width="100%"></iframe>
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<span class="article_separator"> </span>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<div class="bottom_top"></div>
|
||||
<div id="bottom">
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer"><strong>Content View Hits</strong> : 7278712<br />
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var pv = new Array(1,0,0,0,1);
|
||||
var trdlname = "/downloads";
|
||||
//<![CDATA[
|
||||
var regex = /\.(?:doc|eps|jpg|png|svg|xls|ppt|pdf|xls|zip|txt|vsd|vxd|js|css|rar|exe|wma|mov|avi|wmv|mp3)($|\&|\?)/;
|
||||
//]]>
|
||||
var trlkname = "/external/";
|
||||
var trmlname = "/mailto/";
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/modules/mod_analytics/gatr.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
|
||||
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
try {
|
||||
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3747914");
|
||||
pageTracker._initData();
|
||||
pageTracker._trackPageview();
|
||||
} catch(err) {}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="copyright"></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue